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Norwegian Broadcaster Evaluates BitTorrent Distribution Costs

Posted by Soulskill on Sat Mar 08, 2008 05:16 AM
from the leeches-welcome dept.
FrostPaw writes "An experiment was conducted recently by Norwegian broadcasting company NRK involving the release of the series 'Nordkalotten 365' (a wildlife program) in a DRM free format using BitTorrent. One of the broadcasters has posted the approximate figures for the overall distribution costs, and discussed his reasons for doing so. Their estimated cost for using Amazon S3 to offer the files through HTTP/FTP/etc. come to approximately 41,000 NOK (about $8,000 US). However, when using the Amazon servers as the originating seed and utilizing BitTorrent, their total cost for distribution of the entire project, thanks to generous seeds, would amount to approximately 1,700 NOK. The post with the original figures is available only in Norwegian.
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  • At last! (Score:5, Funny)

    by nih (411096) on Saturday March 08 2008, @05:20AM (#22685820)
    the definitive documentary about the Møøse!
  • This Just In: (Score:5, Insightful)

    by rsmith-mac (639075) on Saturday March 08 2008, @05:25AM (#22685828)

    Making other people do your work for free makes your own costs cheaper. Film at 11.

    In other words, why is this news? It's something that has been obvious about BitTorrent since day 1: if you can get/make your users use their own upload bandwidth, you won't need as much of your own, and in a cost model that means your costs are lower. Did this really require a study?

    • Re:This Just In: (Score:5, Insightful)

      by yakumo.unr (833476) on Saturday March 08 2008, @05:31AM (#22685850) Homepage
      It's news because a lot of marketers need it spelled out for them, with big juicy numbers with currency symbols attached, once they start to really realize the financial positives of using the most efficient distribution systems, they might stop trying to shut down just that, a highly efficient distribution system. it's not the personification of piracy.
      • Re:This Just In: (Score:5, Interesting)

        by Rich0 (548339) on Saturday March 08 2008, @06:58AM (#22686060) Homepage
        I'm surprised this hasn't already taken off for TV. Here's why:

        1. Right now networks can only own one station per market. With HD they can in theory broadcast multiple streams on it, but only a few. With online distribution they could put out as much content as they would like.

        2. Right now anybody can record and redistribute the off-the-air content. So, DRM is trying to lock up the front door when the back door is already wide open.

        3. Right now due to inefficient distribution schemes shows only run in a local market, creating a huge demand for online content. Typically this content lacks commercials, and is ignored when calculating ratings even if it did.

        4. If a TV station made it EASY to download their shows with full commercials they'd take over the market overnight. The big networks could collaborate to make it easy to watch their shows just like watching TV. Who would mess around with nzb files and all that when you could just fire up your online "Tivo" and it has already downloaded everything you're interested in. The polished experience would give them 99% of the market all the time.

        5. Sure, in theory somebody could find some way to redistribute their content and strip out all the commercials, but the scale of this task except for a few shows would be hard to match with the level of polish that the networks could deliver. They would still own copyright so they would only need to deal with distributed bands of unpaid volunteers redistributing their work - if anybody tried to organize they could be dealt with in court. The court cases would be stronger since the networks could convine local governments that they are actually genuinely trying to get their content to everyone (right now some countries turn a blind eye to copyright violation since it enables their consumers to get access to TV they wouldn't ever see otherwise).

        It seems like the TV execs are missing a huge opportunity that they could just own without issue if they just stepped out and took advantage of it.
        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          "It seems like the TV execs are missing a huge opportunity that they could just own without issue if they just stepped out and took advantage of it."

          Because media and corporate people are morons? I've wondered for nearly a decade why even regular stream is considered a poor cousin and a toy. If I'm listening to a radio station in Paris I might not understand every word, but I'll pick out "Coca-Cola". There should be some fund of Coca-Cola International that the station is collecting from to support that
          • by Rich0 (548339) on Saturday March 08 2008, @09:22AM (#22686544) Homepage
            The "back door"is being paid for by ads. Record all you want. The question is, can content producers survive in a world hostile to any means of them recouping their costs?

            Yes, and the online content would be as well. They're already surviving in the world you describe - you can get most shows today ad-free, and yet almost nobody does. Oh sure, the average slashdotter might, but I'm talking about the other 99.999% of folks who have money to spend on advertised products.

            Right. Much like the NYT distributing their content for the price of signing up, and see how they're taking over the market.

            Uh, the online news market is dominated by probably 3-4 companies (I'm talking about the content and the ads - not the portal people visit through). To the extent that they're losing out it is to companies like google who are doing exactly what I'm suggesting the TV networks should do. All of them were traditional news networks before the internet came along. I don't see your point. No one network would beat out all its peers by doing online - but they could make a lot more money this way.

            Apple TV.

            Uh, what will Apple TV do? Make it easy for people to download TV shows with random filenames posted to random distribution networks by random people? Easier than obtaining the TV from a couple of TV networks distributing shows via standardized protocols over big pipes with lots of infrastructure behind them? I'm sure the networks would give Apple a cut for every referral - the button to watch Battlestar Galactica from the official sources will be bold and on page 1, and the option to configure browsing through random files on TPB will be buried on configuration page 12...

            Yeah right! (linked to TPB)

            Ok, go ahead and schedule 10 TV shows to auto-download all episodes from TPB so that your 80-year-old grandmother can just click on the show they want and watch it on their TV using a remote control (not a keyboard). Oh wait - the 10 shows don't have any metadata, and the filenames aren't consistent, and a few are posts by guys who didn't bother to seed.

            Sure, TPB works, but not well. And it won't have the Gardening special that aired last night or anything not of interest to geeks (who make up all of 1% of the population).

            And TPB exists now, and for whatever reason 99% of everybody doesn't use it. Maybe everybody you know does, but most people don't. So this isn't a new threat. And going online will probably actually help to combat it, as opposed to networks sticking their heads in the sand.

          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            Right. Much like the NYT distributing their content for the price of signing up, and see how they're taking over the market.

            That price was too high, though. They, unlike dozens upon dozens of other newspapers, who all get their page one stories from the same two sources (Reuters & AP), they required users to give up information about themselves. And they didn't ask for much. At least, not much less than a bank would ask for when taking out a loan of several hundred thousand dollars.

            So let's see here:

              • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                The same way they do it on TV. Survey a sample of households and generate ratings and charge accordingly.

                How do you decide what your house is worth when you sell it? Simple - you offer a price and haggle until it is worked out. Happens every day in ad agencies worldwide...
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        Bittorrent is not efficient - far from it. What this shows is that if you push your costs onto the end users (in the form of increased ISP bills to cover the bandwidth used by the torrenters) then you can save money on your own bottom line.

        An evaluation of the true costs would be interesting, but probably nearly impossible to calculate as it's too distributed.
        • Re:This Just In: (Score:5, Interesting)

          by Wildclaw (15718) on Saturday March 08 2008, @08:00AM (#22686246)
          Bittorrent is indeed efficent as it scales far better than http or ftp. A better example than that in the article would be the following article that was recently posted on torrentfreak.

          http://torrentfreak.com/university-uses-utorrent-080306 [torrentfreak.com]Dutch University Uses BitTorrent to Update Workstations

          The worst case scenario is when every single users deems uploading to be too costly for their own good and therefore caps it to nothing. In that specific case, bittorrent basically have the same efficency as http or ftp, needing the same amount of dedicated servers and bandwidth. There would be a slight efficency loss due to protocol overhead, but that is minor when dealing with large files.

          In most cases however, the upload bandwidth of a peer will be less expensive than that of a dedicated seeder for the simple fact that the peer is idle otherwise, while the dedicated seeder is working at full capacity.

          Also, spreading out the distribution costs on the users lessens/removes the need to actually have to charge the users for that same distribution. Even if the users have to pay some/most of that money to the ISP instead, the simple fact is that removing the need for micro transactions is a huge benefit in itself.
          • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

            Bittorrent is not efficient - far from it. What this shows is that if you push your costs onto the end users (in the form of increased ISP bills to cover the bandwidth used by the torrenters) then you can save money on your own bottom line.

            Bittorrent is indeed efficent as it scales far better than http or ftp.

            People do seem to throw around words like "efficient" without saying how they're actually measuring it.

            One meaning of "efficient" could be the amount of bandwidth, in which case you want to measure t

          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            I don't agree with that... I'm paying for my upload even if I don't use it. I'm not paying more if I spend my whole time torrenting files...

            Your ISP pays for the cost initially.

            However, your ISP must make a profit or go bankrupt. If the ISP's cost grows, and he doesn't want to go bankrupt (which doesn't serve anyone), then he has the choices: Stop you from using as much bandwidth, get rid of you as a customer, charge more for your account, or charge more for every account. In the end, you pay.

    • Quick, literal translation of the Norwegian story for all who are interested:



      Use of BitTorrent - numbers and costs

      We can conclude that our experiment with BitTorrent has been a success. Most importantly, according to the comments from our users, this is something you really like. We have read more than 500 comments, and it's the first time we have seen an event with this much publicity get this much positive feedback. We have tried a lot of crazy things on the net: we've had stories on both Digg, Sl
  • Government owned (Score:5, Informative)

    by Armakuni (1091299) on Saturday March 08 2008, @05:28AM (#22685834) Homepage
    It should be mentioned that NRK is owned by the Norwegian government, and that the programmes are not advertisement sponsored.
  • BBC iPlayer (Score:4, Informative)

    by dunstan (97493) <<dvavasour> <at> <iee.org>> on Saturday March 08 2008, @05:48AM (#22685884) Homepage
    The BBC iPlayer doesn't use BitTorrent, but it does use a P2P technology for distributing the DRM encumbered download versions of their programmes. The whole thing wouldn't scale without it.

    If you're not putting DRM on, then vanilla BT seems a perfect and ready-made medium. The Beeb, however, sell their programmes around the world, so won't knowingly let unencumbered versions out into the wild.

    • I'm sure that there must be something in the iPlayer to track you so that when the TV licensing people around they know you're a violater. I can't prove it though.
      • Unlikely. If the film studios & record companies can't get hold of a subscriber's details without a court order then what chance does the BBC have.
  • ...should they use the Amazon servers at all, if they are planning to utilise BitTorrent? Don't they have at least a moderate connection to act as a seeder themselves?
    • Re:Why... (Score:5, Informative)

      by Ilgaz (86384) * on Saturday March 08 2008, @06:27AM (#22685974) Homepage
      Amazon S3 has a unique feature. Lets say you got hugefile.mov to serve. User can click the .mov file directly to download via ordinary http/ftp or you simply add ?torrent to the URL and it creates/enables a torrent and start tracking it.

      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        Do they have enough upload capacity to deal with the initial "surge" before anyone has enough to seed?

        This is usually not a big problem. A single 10mbit/s connection is more than enough for seeding purposes. Even with a 1mbit/s upload that I have, I could managed to seed a full copy of a tv episode in one hour, and a little more than one copy is all that is needed to get it going.

        Still, the rest are are all good arguments. There is also the matter of having dedicated seeders that keep older torrents alive. Also, if you have more dedicated seeding, the downloads will go faster for everyone. Just because you

  • Well duh!! (Score:4, Interesting)

    by Tim Ward (514198) on Saturday March 08 2008, @06:09AM (#22685922) Homepage
    If you reduce the audience for your product then it's not surprising if your distribution costs go down!

    Obviously yer average slashweenie has heard of BitTorrent, and even I would probably mange to be able to find it and install it and make it work if I really wanted to ... but I wouldn't bother with all that hassle just to watch a telly programme, so that's one fewer viewer.

    And how many people's grandmas:

    (1) can cope perfectly well with watching a telly programme on a web page in the normal way

    (2) wouldn't have the remotest clue what you were on about if you started wittering about BitTorrent?
    • Re:Well duh!! (Score:5, Informative)

      by ozamosi (615254) on Saturday March 08 2008, @06:43AM (#22686020) Homepage
      That's an interface problem - not a technical problem.

      You could probably write a bittorrent client as a flash applet. You press the big, shiny download button that covers half of your screen, and the flash applet connects to peers and starts to download, all with a pretty progress bar. Even my grandfather could figure that out (one of my grandmas can't even use a mouse, the other is paranoid and believes that "They" are spying on her if she use a computer, so she got rid of it).

      Or, you could let people download an exe file, that when clicked will automatically launch a simple bittorrent client that automatically opens the torrent file for Nordkalotten 365 and starts to download.

      They have thousands of extra dollars that they no longer need to pay Amazon, that they could now throw at the problem. I'm sure they can figure something out.
      • Re:Well duh!! (Score:4, Informative)

        by Wildclaw (15718) on Saturday March 08 2008, @07:17AM (#22686096)
        Point in case, http://www.bitlet.org/ [bitlet.org]Bitlet, the bittorrent java applet

        And for those who claim that bitlet is bad because the user is less likely to seed back as much as they take. Having someone not seed back is mostly a problem when dealing with torrents where there aren't any dedicated seeders, in which case torrents eventually will go dead.

        For torrents with dedicated seeding like the one mentioned above, that simply isn't a problem. Sure, having peers provide as much as they take is advantageous, but it simply is not vital in that kind of environment. Tit for tat provides enough of an incentive for the peer to atleast provide bandwidth while downloading.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        No it's a technical problem.

        If you don't forward ports to your machine then BT runs like ass - capping out at 5k/s or less. The average user doesn't know what a port *is* let alone how to forward one.

        I absolutely refuse to forward ports to BT for security reasons* (and anyway which one of the 20-odd machines here would I forward to?) so even though I know what BT is I can't use it, because the trackers either refuse to connect completely or refuse to serve data.

        * There are only 2 machines on this network t
        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          Trackers only use HTTP. If you can browse the web, you can connect to the tracker. I'm sure some of those 1337, moronic private trackers refuse to connect you, but we're talking about real, non-crippled bittorrent here. The tracker is not a problem.

          If you allow outgoing connections, you can connect to other clients. If you can connect, you can transfer. At any speed. Transfer speeds from other clients is not a problem.

          The problem you're describing is a result of the fact that if there's a seed somewhere tha
        • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

          You set up a network that work quite but not exactly like the internet and then complain when an application actually use a part of the internet that the network setup doesn't support. Your complaint is no more valid than me complaining that some websites don't work because I only allow outgoing http traffic with a destination port 80.

          If you don't want to deal with port forwarding, you should either not expect your users to have full access to the internet or you should avoid using NAT in the first place.

          Fi
    • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

      Which is why the good people at NRK went to great lengths to explain how BitTorrent works, why it isn't illegal and how you can use it. But in this particular case we are still talking about a sandbox experiment. (Notice the name, NRK Beta.) If NRK were to base a major distribution channel on BitTorrent, you can be sure they would package it in some user friendly way. At any rate they still have traditional web TV in lower quality. (Though they have another experiment running in cooperation with a engineer
  • "If other people are generous enough to give you storage and bandwidth, and you utilize their generosity, then you can save money by using less of your own."

    Remarkable!

    Next week, a story about uploading video to youtube...

  • how nice (Score:5, Interesting)

    by nguy (1207026) on Saturday March 08 2008, @06:30AM (#22685994)
    If everybody does this, home Internet connections need to be upgraded or we're going to get volume pricing again. Either way, end users are going to pay for this.
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        well, you might be right about some crappy isps have download limits and or portblockers. However this casestudy is from Norway where NONE of the isps have any of that.

        If you're already paying fully for your bandwidth the extra load on your network is already paid for and should be considered sunk cost.

        In words you might understand: "The more I download/share, the cheaper my bandwidth becomes"
  • After reading just half the article I could hear the thousands of keyboards frantically typing "Duh" in one form or another into posts.

    This has to be the most redundant, not-news, article on ./ ever :)

    It does not contain anything new... no insightful thoughts, different applications, etc.

  • I would have liked to see an analysis of the actual total distribution cost - not the cost to the originator, but the total. In the UK, cost of internet data consists of two parts: The cost of getting the data to your ISP, and the cost of getting the data from the ISP to your home, usually using bandwidth bought at wholesale prices from BT (British Telecom). The cost for the ISP to send data to your home is around £0.60 per Gigabyte, But the cost to get data from a huge source to the ISP is much lowe
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      Same post again, with line breaks:

      I would have liked to see an analysis of the actual total distribution cost - not the cost to the originator, but the total.

      In the UK, cost of internet data consists of two parts: The cost of getting the data to your ISP, and the cost of getting the data from the ISP to your home, usually using bandwidth bought at wholesale prices from BT (British Telecom). The cost for the ISP to send data to your home is around £0.60 per Gigabyte, But the cost to get data from
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        I agree in general with your point, but I think your calculations are being very generous. When you get content from the BBC, the cost of getting the data to your ISP is almost nothing because most ISPs have a caching arrangement with the BBC where they host the large pieces of BBC content for their customers and so incur no external bandwidth charges. I contrast, Bittorrent does not take network topology into account, so you may well be exchanging data with peers in the USA. Since transatlantic bandwidt
  • Actual Torrent Files (Score:5, Informative)

    by pgn674 (995941) on Saturday March 08 2008, @07:28AM (#22686130) Homepage
    If you're looking for the actual torrent files, episodes 1-8 can be found at the bottom of this post: http://nrkbeta.no/norwegian-broadcasting-nrk-makes-popular-series-available-drm-free-via-bittorrent/ [nrkbeta.no]. I'm downloading episode 1 right now, and it has 73 seeds and 42 peers.
  • by drhamad (868567) on Saturday March 08 2008, @07:38AM (#22686162) Homepage
    At some level this is redundant, but I'm going to state it in a slightly different way.

    Of course distributing via BitTorrent is cheaper for the originator, nobody could possibly argue this. But I'd like to see a study on the TOTAL cost to society. In other words, yes it's cheaper for the originator, but there is no such thing as a free lunch. SOMEBODY is paying for all that bandwidth/etc. If you have bandwidth limits, perhaps you are paying for them to distribute their file. If you don't (as we in the US do not) then the telecommunications company is paying. Bandwidth does not materialize out of thin air. SOMEBODY pays. Further, BitTorrent is not exactly efficient. It uses a lot more requests/connections/etc to download or distribute via BT than it does via HTTP/FTP/etc.

    The offsetting factor may be the more distributed load over the system, since there's no central point, really. I'm not sure how much this really helps though.

    I guess my point is, the total cost to society of BitTorrent use may very well be higher than that for distributing by older methods.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      BitTorrent is not exactly efficient. It uses a lot more requests/connections/etc to download or distribute via BT than it does via HTTP/FTP/etc.

      The overhead is relativly minor when dealing with larger files. It is still the best argument. Minimizing the overhead needs to be a goal of an efficent p2p protocol.

      SOMEBODY is paying for all that bandwidth/etc.

      Yup. However, if any peers deems that paying for the bandwidth isn't worth it, they should turn off their sharing and get everything from the seeders. It will take longer since the distributor is spending less on bandwidth, but eventually he will get it.

      If everyone does the same, the distributor has to increase the amount he spends on bandwid

  • Multicast? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by gjh (231652) on Saturday March 08 2008, @08:19AM (#22686340)
    What I'd really like to see is figures for the broadcaster and the hidden costs to the ISP for each of....

    - Unicast
    - Bittorrent
    - Multicast

    Multicast is so obviously the best solution all round for the, what, at least 50% of a national TV station's audience that watch predictable and consistent shows week after week. It would be pretty trivial for PCs to grab a multicast overnight.

    By the way, the BBC really tried to do this right [bbc.co.uk], but ISPs were too stupid to see that it was in their best interests to cooperate. This is my reading of the evidence - I accept corrections.
  • by samuel4242 (630369) on Saturday March 08 2008, @08:41AM (#22686396)
    It's certainly cheaper for the central server, but doesn't it just push the workload out to the local machines and network connections? Doesn't it just push the costs to the local user who pays for the bandwidth? I like P2P and think some of the algorithms are pretty clever, but I can't deny that my local pipe is saturated by the kids downloading things. There are times I would like my email and web traffic to move a bit faster.

    My prediction is that some clever Slashdot folks will start claiming that P2P is just an evil trick by the man to stick us with the distribution costs!
  • by nweaver (113078) on Saturday March 08 2008, @10:38AM (#22686948) Homepage
    Rather than the broadcaster paying, because retail ISPs have significantly higher cost for bandwidth, this just shifted the cost from the broadcaster to the ISPs.

    For a one-off experiment like this, it wasn't a problem. But if you are an ISP dealing with a company like Vuse, who's businsess model is shifting terabytes in this way, it will be a problems.
  • Not quite (Score:3, Insightful)

    by mbone (558574) on Saturday March 08 2008, @11:03AM (#22687062)
    One of the broadcasters has posted the approximate figures for the overall distribution costs,...

    No, they didn't. P2P pushes some of the distribution cost from the originator into the network, and I don't see that this is accounted for at all. If things like Oprah-Skype [disruptivetelephony.com] at 242 Gbps become common, it will not be possible to ignore the distributed network costs.
    • That is probably largely true, but most bit torrent programs seed to at least a 1:1 ratio by default; many seed more. As long as the average person seeds close to a 1:1 ratio, most of the corporation's costs are defrayed.

      • And you can use a tracker that will ban users if they don't seed to atleast 1:1, that would help to keep the number of leechers down, but ofcourse wont eliminate all of them.
        • And you can use a tracker that will ban users if they don't seed to atleast 1:1
          It is mathematically impossible for everybody to seed more than 1:1. That would require the sum of uploads to be greater than the sum of downloads, when they're supposed to be equal by definition. Besides, for an older file that has 20 seeds and 0 downloaders, how can one seed to 1:1 without keeping the computer turned on and connected to the Internet for weeks at a time, praying that another downloader might show up?
    • It may not be new. But its still news.

      After all the news is not that bittorrent lowers distribution costs. The news is that somebody else figured it out. Some PHB out there somewhere just discovered how he's going to make his quarterly bonus by cutting distribtion costs, and he's got this 'study' that will show him the way.