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Using Computers for Sophisticated Music Analysis

Posted by Soulskill on Mon Sep 22, 2008 03:40 PM
from the will-it-tell-you-how-bad-you-are-at-guitar-hero? dept.
Tom Avril writes "Need an accompaniment for your melody? Seeking a virtual dancer to try out your new choreography? Or perhaps you're making a new TV commercial, and you need a snippet of music that sounds something like Radiohead, but a bit more mellow. Increasingly, sophisticated software can help with these sorts of tasks. We got a look at the latest from the nascent field of Music Information Retrieval, after its conference in Philadelphia: 'A key part of the conference each year is the announcement of results from a sort of software shoot-out — a competition in which various universities pit their music-analysis algorithms against one another. Entrants from more than a dozen countries competed in 18 tasks, using their computers to "listen" to selections of music, then identify such things as the genre, mood, composer or title. The eventual goal: to help people search for music they might like by combing through millions of audio files in a database. ... In another task, the computer had to identify tunes that someone hummed. "The idea is, you go into the karaoke bar and start humming, and the computer retrieves your song," Downie said.'"
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  • Results (Score:5, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward on Monday September 22 2008, @03:42PM (#25110431)
    Artist: Britney Spears
    Song: Hit Me Baby
    Rating: Shit
    Conclusion: Humans are weak and stupid

    Action Plan: Terminate Britney Spears
    • Input from programmer :
      >>action plan invalid --reason="cannot terminate artist"
      >>new action plan

      Action Plan 2: Self Terminate

    • At least, this would require some melodic humming skill in order to be able to operate the Karaoke machine in the bar.

      It will come as a form of protection against all those horrible "I can't sing so I just approximately squeal something completely out-of-tune in the microphone" experiences at the karaoke bar.

    • Artist: Britney Spears
      Song: Hit Me Baby
      Rating: Shit but for some reason I can't get it or her video out of my CPU
      Conclusion: Humans are weak and stupid, but I'm going to obsessively check the tabloid sites for news of her and blog about it.

      Fixed that for you

        • So why don't you take your self-inspired generalizations and go fuck yourself

          Sounds like somebody's generalizations were a little too close for comfort...

  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday September 22 2008, @03:43PM (#25110449)

    You start humming and the RIAA deducts the money from your account for your reproduction.

    • Re: (Score:1, Offtopic)

      You start humming and the RIAA deducts

      Well, there is some humming involved when approached by the RIAA, but not the kind you think.
    • That depends on whether you've had plastic surgery since the last time you paid to hum that tune.

    • I don't think the RIAA has stooped quite as low yet as to interfere with your ability to reproduce

  • by digitaldc (879047) * on Monday September 22 2008, @03:45PM (#25110475)
    Or perhaps you're making a new TV commercial, and you need a snippet of music that sounds something like Radiohead, but a bit more mellow.

    MORE mellow than 'Fake Plastic Trees?'
    This actually may work, especially if you are selling some sort of sleeping aid or anti-anxiety medication.
  • Neat stuff. (Score:4, Funny)

    by pushing-robot (1037830) on Monday September 22 2008, @03:45PM (#25110485)

    On the one hand, I'd love it if my home stereo could determine what song I was humming and start playing along.

    On the other hand, my family would kill me.

  • Well it was this or clone Simon Cowell so they can finally start that 24x7 American Idol channel....

  • Not new tech (Score:4, Informative)

    by Ethanol-fueled (1125189) * on Monday September 22 2008, @03:48PM (#25110527) Homepage
    While this technology is very neat, programs which convert [widisoft.com] sound(wav/mp3) into Midi data have existed for many years. The programs featured in the competition are the next logical step. It's simply data-mining applied to music.

    Music is math, but math is not necessarily music. Much of the computerized music based on mathematics alone sounds like atonal shit. Mathematical algorithms can be great for accompaniment but are not meant to replace a human composer.
    • Re:Not new tech (Score:5, Informative)

      by ahankinson (1249646) on Monday September 22 2008, @04:51PM (#25111323)
      If you think this technology is like a midi->wav converter only better, you're off by orders of magnitude.

      "Simply" data mining for music is a significant problem. What data do you mine? The audio signal does not contain all of the perceptual cues we understand as humans, and so things like "rhythm" and "tempo"; i.e. the things in music that get us to dance or tap our feet to it, are hard to pinpoint and even harder to extract.

      Other problems, such as the Query-by-humming problem, are further complicated by two intractable problems: 1. People can't sing well out of their head, and 2. What they do sing may or may not bear any resemblance to the actual song they're remembering.

      This research uses the latest advances in signal processing, machine learning, psychoacoustics, computer vision and pattern recognition. To compare it to a midi to wave converter is like comparing a paper airplane to the space shuttle.
      • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

        If you've looked at many waveforms in a recording program you'd know that rhythm and tempo are pretty easy to identify. I've studied algorithmic analysis of music and tempo. Rhythm and pitch are all reasonably analyzed because they're easily identified by math (what computers are made for). It's identifying things like timbre that set the mood based off cultural experience, etc that are hard to nail down with a computer. A performer can play 1 note many different ways to set many different moods and comput
    • Re:Not new tech (Score:5, Insightful)

      by cybin (141668) on Monday September 22 2008, @05:27PM (#25111689) Homepage

      music is not math, man. sorry.

      "Music is a communicative signal
      comprised of patterns whose
      performance and perception are
      governed by combinatorial rules, or
      a sort of musical grammar" -John Sloboda

      that being said, music is not language either, and the brain is not a computer.

      if you don't like algorithmic music, or atonal music, don't listen to it. and certainly don't rely on a computer to tell you what art you should absorb and experience...

      and, i have to say, i appreciate the reverence for human composers, but mathematics has no bearing on my music apart from the incidental involvement of things like acoustics. to say otherwise is to turn the human composer into a mere algorithm machine.

      • Hmmm...I beg to differ. Music is, to a large extent, applied mathematics, arranged into a form that people find pleasant. Similarly, you could say that a musical "sentence" was proper if it was pleasurable to listen to. It's a language with a much looser grammar than usual.

        Also, the brain *is* a computer, just not one that's terribly similar to our current digital computers. It is a massively parallel pattern recognition system (or can be viewed as such). Theoretically, anything it can do could be simulated

        • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

          guess we're just gonna have to agree to disagree, man.

          you are speaking in analogies to try to define something that is, in itself, abstract. i actually prefer to tell my students that music is "sound organized in time", it's a much better definition.

          by the same token i could tell you that language is a specific form of music, since they share certain features, but language communicates specific semantic concepts whereas music does not (in the absence of lyrics).

          the difference between art and science is the

        • Music is, to a large extent, applied mathematics

          In the same way that sex is applied biology? 'Cause that would really be missing the point of sex.

        • There is a lot more to music than 'simple math', if you think it's that simple and you have a math degree I urge you to pick up a violin and to try to put your ideas in to practice.

          Music is all about expression, the composition is important, and has some mathematical connections but there is really a lot more to it than that.

          Oversimplification is hardly ever apt, in music it is throwing out almost all that makes music rich and interesting.

  • by HuguesT (84078) on Monday September 22 2008, @03:50PM (#25110549)

    The tune recognition task is easier than it sounds (ha). In fact it's enough to hum the *contour* of the music, i.e. whether it simply goes up or down, for a couple of bars, ignoring the rythm even.

    This way of indexing and recognising music is called the Parson Code [wikipedia.org] and is quite effective.

    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      I'm not a Luddite. But...
      Is there some value to being able to recall a song, or at least to using your brain to perform the exercise of recalling from memory? This can effectively replace our need to perform this task. (New iPhone app: Hum into it and it will ID the song!) Extend that to all such tasks, which we generally regard as getting in the way of us doing what we really need to.

      Example: Calculators very effectively replaced log tables, and we are all grateful for that. But they have also replaced val

      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        The iPhone app is already done, Midomi.

        http://www.topiphoneresource.info/midomi-iphone-app-sing-hum-or-whistle-to-find-music/ [topiphoneresource.info]

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        We may be creating technology which will gradually make us a non-contemplative people, living only in the moment. And if you live in the moment, you forget the past, allowing those in control to make you repeat it.

        Your quote shows that we are not... as I assume you are pretty well immersed in technology since your posting on slashdot.

        I would argue that technology has actually made us a more contemplative people.

        Visit a farm someday, someplace rural and 'backward', and you will find that as a whole the people there are much simpler and much less likely to question the nature of our existence.

        On the flip side, some of the most profound things I have heard said in recent times have come from the mouths of some text mess

        • In England there exists - or used to exist - a service that you could call with your cellphone, hold it up for a couple of seconds and it would text back a performer / title combo.

    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by Anonymous Coward

      One of my senior projects for college used a very similar but more detailed schema in recognizing musical patterns.

      In musical terms, a step is the amount of change from note-to-note. The Parson Code is limited in which it only indicates the direction of the pitch, and not the amount. I simply took account the actual half-steps used between each pitch. Like the Parson Code, it would ignore the rhythm, and easily account for identical melodies that are in different keys.

      Minuet in G would look something like t

      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        Minuet in G would look something like this:
        -7 2 2 1 2 -7 0 9 -4 2 2 2 1 -12 0 5 2 -2 -1 -2 2 1 -1 -2 -2 -1 1 2 2 -4 4 -2

        Anyone in particular's Minuet in G (Bach? Mozart? Beethoven? Me?), or all of them? And I thought the key didn't matter, so that would be all minuets?

        • Dr. Gallaher?

        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          It appears to be the one by Bach from the Anna Magdalena notebook -- d4 g,8 a b c | d4 g, g | e' c8 d e fis | g4 g, g etc -- and the numbers indicate a pitch change measured in semitones, but not indicating rhythm, harmony, or counterpoint.
  • Great Idea (Score:5, Funny)

    by pete-classic (75983) <hutnick@gmail.com> on Monday September 22 2008, @03:53PM (#25110579) Homepage Journal

    Self-regulating karaoke. If the computer can't tell what the hell you're singing it's probably best for you to stay off the stage.

    -Peter

  • That's the ticket, an auto-karaoke machine!

    me: "We're no strangers to looooove..."

    machine: [crackles, emits blue smoke]

  • "So this is basically the Music Genome Project", in that sort of 'I know something you don't know' offhand way so in vogue around here, when I went to the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Genome_Project [wikipedia.org]. Apparently to do their analysis MANUALLY and it takes up to 30 minutes per song, which I did not know! Assumed it was automatic.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      The Music Genome Project is definitely tracking things that (at this point) take a human to notice. Features like "great trumpet solo" or "ambiguous lyrics" are quite a bit beyond the sorts of musical features being extracted by the tools described in the papers at the conference, based on the few I looked at.

      Humans are fantastic musical processors. Computers not so much. Which is what makes the problem so fascinating, I think.

        • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

          Last.fm may be good, but here's the Pandora summary for why it played a particular song (James Taylor's Handy Man):

          the song features pop rock qualities, folk influences, a subtle use of vocal harmony, use of string ensemble, major key tonality, a vocal-centric aesthetic, a good dose of acoustic guitar pickin' (sic) a dynamic male vocalist, electric pianos, acoustic rhythm guitars, romantic lyrics...

          While a sophisticated computer may be able to detect some of these characteristics, I stand by my comment.
  • Advanced music analyzing isn't new. There's software out there that can already successfully identify instruments, chords, progressions and even whole musical concepts, so classifying them by genre, intensiveness, instrument set and the like is just a querying problem.

    Now, GENERATING music with math - that's where the fun begins. I've seen lots of approaches already, most of the successful ones based on fractals and powers-of-two, though I admit that they work only because of certain hardcoded "musical idea

  • unnecessary (Score:5, Funny)

    by JustSee12 (1369599) on Monday September 22 2008, @04:10PM (#25110831)
    Or perhaps you're making a new TV commercial, and you need a snippet of music that sounds something like Radiohead, but a bit more mellow.

    You don't need software algorithms for that, just go download a Coldplay album. Except maybe replace "mellow" with "soulless."
  • Would love to see an Amarok plugin using this technology. Some sort of last.fm for my local music collection. Does anybody know whether something similar exists?
  • genre

    Classical - lots of orchestral instruments
    Hip-hop - repetitive loops of drum / bass with melodic lyrics
    Rap - repititive loops of drum / bass with unmelodic lyrics
    Techno - Synthetic (simple wavelength) instruments

    etc.

    mood

    Major and minor chords.

    composer or title

    Huge music database + measuring contours, with "almost match" working. This doesn't sound incredibly sophisticated to me.

    • Automatic content classification for things like "repetitive loops of drum/bass" should be easy enough, but IMHO the hard part comes when trying to automatically determine whether lyrics are melodic or not. Major and minor chords should be easy enough, as should various modes and rhythms, but how does one determine something as nebulous as "more mellow" or "Southern Rock" vs. "Classic Rock"?
  • by eulernet (1132389) on Monday September 22 2008, @04:32PM (#25111067)

    The problem with this technology, and what Pandora or LastFm applied, is that the programs tend to choose always the same kind of music, and it's boring.
    When I listen to music, I like to have some variety, not always playing the same thing, again and again, in different forms.

    I like listening to one genre, and then switch to another genre, and the programs are unable to provide that.

    • It's pretty easy to get a mix with Pandora. Either seed a "station" with songs representing different styles, or create multiple stations and then listen to the "QuickMix".

  • "Need an accompaniment for your melody? Seeking a virtual dancer to try out your new choreography? Or perhaps you're making a new TV commercial, and you need a snippet of music that sounds something like Radiohead, but a bit more mellow."

    To paraphrase Douglas Adams: This is apparently a use of the word of 'sophisticated' of which I was unaware. And here I thought things like time/frequency analysis of notes and harmonics of chord sequences using continuous wavelet transform or analysis of dimensional comple

  • When Pandora were doing this for years until the RIAA kicked them in the nuts.
    • actually afaik Pandora is an example of an "expert-driven" service. Songs were rated by experts on various categories and this metadata was used to organize them. Probably some automated analysis was also used to speed up the process.

      This is different from LastFM which uses user-generated metadata, which is a concept that scales way better but may be less accurate.

      Both of these can be mixed with automated techniques to enhance the results of course.

  • If you are interested in learning a bit more about ISMIR check out some blog posts about the conference

    From a researcher at Last.fm: http://mir-research.blogspot.com/2008/09/ismir-2008-demos.html [blogspot.com]

    A researcher from strands: http://www.scwn.net/2008/09/ismir-past-present-and-future/ [scwn.net]

    And lots of posts from my blog: