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The Deceptive Perfection of Auto-Tune
Posted by
Soulskill
on Sat Feb 07, 2009 10:16 AM
from the hitting-all-the-right-notes dept.
from the hitting-all-the-right-notes dept.
theodp writes "For a medium in which mediocre singing has never been a bar to entry, a lot of pop vocals suddenly sound better than great — they're note- and pitch-perfect. It's all thanks to Auto-Tune, the brainchild of Andy Hildebrand, who realized that the wonders of autocorrelation — which he once used to map drilling sites for the oil industry — could also be used to bestow perfect pitch upon the Britney Spears of the world. While Auto-Tune was intended to be used unnoticed, musicians are growing fond of adjusting the program's retune speed to eliminate the natural transition between notes, which yield jumpy and automated-sounding vocals. 'I never figured anyone in their right mind would want to do that,' says Hildebrand."
As these techniques improve and become more popular, it makes me wonder what music produced twenty or fifty years from now will sound like, and how much authenticity will be left.
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Authentic is the wrong word (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Authentic is the wrong word (Score:5, Insightful)
People are still making the music, sure it might not be coming from the vibrations of strings and vocal chords but its still authentic music.
Ah, correction, writers are still making music. The "artists" or "singers" on the other hand, are finding more and more ways to artificially make themselves sound better than they really are. Therefore, the ONLY thing that is left to being authentic is whatever is left after the "they stole my song!" lawsuit dust settles, and the general masses acknowledge a song as one persons work.
For the rest of the tripe being "manufacturered" today, it's as fake as half the "natural" breasts in Hollywood. Give me a break, a hardcore rapper being nominated for album of the year? Like half those beats aren't stolen from the last 37 rap albums.
Music is dead. Say hello to Marketing. And if you have a hard time believing that statement, then I have two words for you. Hanna Montana. Still not convinced? Here's two more. American Idol.
Parent
Re:Authentic is the wrong word (Score:5, Insightful)
Pardon me sir, I did'nt notice I was on your lawn there. I appologize.
Do you realize that there has always been, and always will be, a glut of pig swill crap being passed off by those willing to hustle folk as hit music? You do realize, that if you only sample from this trough the two things you will ever be guareenteed to get are crap and swill?
And that's ignoring your swipe at the idea that the only actual artists are the ones who perform vocally 'au natural'.
There are plenty of quality artist out there, some of them even make it mainsteam. But most either don't bother or don't fit the 'marketer's dream' well enough.
Parent
Re:Authentic is the wrong word (Score:5, Insightful)
Ah, correction, writers are still making music. The "artists" or "singers" on the other hand, are finding more and more ways to artificially make themselves sound better than they really are.
Eh, and this is nothing new either.
What would you define as an ideal setup that allows, say, a rock musician to "sound as good as they really are"? Everything rock musicians have ever used have made them sound better than they are, right down to the amps they use to amplify their guitars, the effects they use (even amps from the 50's and 60's had reverb and could be overdriven), the pickups in the guitars themselves, the strings they choose to use, etc. A singer will sound better or worse based on the microphone they use, the equalization settings, etc.
This idea that there's ever been *any* unaltered recorded music out there is rubbish. There never has been. Even just a guy playing by himself with an acoustic and singing into a microphone is having his sound altered by various things during the recording, mixing and mastering.
I'm not arguing in favor of auto-tune, all I'm saying is that there are no absolutes and the line across which you do not (to quote Walter Sobchak) is different for everybody. And this is a generational thing; in the 1960's, people railed against rock music for exactly this same reason, citing some of the things I said above as making the music "fake". Today we consider those same things as being responsible for what we call "authentic" rock music. And now a new generation has new tools to make themselves sound the way they want, and we rail against it the same way our parents and grandparents did 30 or 40 or 50 years ago.
Parent
Re:Authentic is the wrong word (Score:4, Insightful)
I mostly agree with you, but your point is not entirely valid and you proved it in your own example: American Idol.
If marketing were the answer, there would be no need for a contest of any form, they'd simply pick a random idiot and market them into radio plays. This isn't in fact the case -- even the mediocre 'crap' on the radio is a lot better than the vast majority of the population could pull off in studio.
There are very very few musical geniuses and finding them is always a problem, and marketing the moderately talented ones to death is not so bad, when you consider they're not that bad (compared to your neighbour in the shower).
After all, how would you or I find out about the good talent, the truly good talent, before they're dead and gone for a hundred years if not by marketing of some form?
Parent
Re:Authentic is the wrong word (Score:4, Insightful)
If marketing were the answer, there would be no need for a contest of any form, they'd simply pick a random idiot and market them into radio plays.
Maybe you haven't seen American Idol. They are simply picking a random idiot and marketing them into radio plays. Part of that marketing is a "contest" -- "contests" that are decided by consumer spending are knowing in the marketing world as "test marketing", and that's exactly what American Idol is from the perspective of record companies.
Now the show also makes money in it's own right, before album sales ever come in to play. And therefore the show has some interest in picking moderately talented people to perform, though like most TV the determination of "talent" is largely based on physical appearance and other characteristics consumers expect in commercial television, and not particularly musical ability.
Parent
Re:Authentic is the wrong word (Score:5, Insightful)
Authentic crap.
After triggerred drums and mpeg compression, auto-tune is the next scourge of the music industry... its everywhere, and it sounds like ass.
Parent
Re:Authentic is the wrong word (Score:5, Insightful)
Is there much of a difference between a robot pretending to sing at a live performance and a human doing it?
The Chinese Olympics comes to mind..
Parent
Re:Authentic is the wrong word (Score:4, Informative)
There was a very exciting interview on CBC Radio [cbc.ca] last year about various artists who do or don't use pitch control software and why they do or don't.
The expert being interviewed pointed out that of all the singers analyzed, Bob Dylan has nearly perfect pitch. You may not like the tone of his voice, but his pitch is spot-on.
Parent
And... (Score:4, Funny)
I thought they all lip-synced.
Next up: Fake Symphonies with synthesized "Real Life" performers. (with the symphony ticket cost)
Authenticity (Score:5, Funny)
Yes, because everything that isn't done manually is inauthentic. And it's been getting worse almost every day since the end of the Bronze Age.
Re:Authenticity (Score:5, Insightful)
AMEN to this.
What the fuck is authentic these days? I'm sick of the notion that creative output needs to have an olympic mentality to it. It is like the guys that can play 64th note riffs on guitars and then act as if anyone that cannot approach their technical ability has no business playing.
In my case, I was a professional musician for a number of years. Toured nationally with a Grammy winning group. Had to get out of it because I developed severe arthritis that impacted my ability to play (it is an autoimmune disease as opposed to just bad technique...put me in a wheel chair for a year bad). I *STILL* compose and play somewhat, and went on to work with the same artist on the next album...some of my work ended up on it as I had left it as opposed to being replaced by other artists. Since I used a sequencer and samples, some would say this is inauthentic. So, if someone is robbed of technical ability (or never had any), their creative output means NOTHING?
Of course, quite a few musicians trade the autotune 'perfect' output as an alternative to creativity...so long as everything hits on the right notes, it will sell. I don't believe in that either. Creativity involves falling outside of the lines occasionally. And sometimes it involves being right on the line. Personally, I don't get the folks that think perfect technique has anything to do with musicality...some of my favorite works come from non-musicians with absolutely no training or technique but had something to say and used ANY possibility they could to get it up there. Far more authentic than most of the instrumental / technique bands I could ever hear...those guys are as coldly robotic as any autotune could be.
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:5, Interesting)
Ding! And that's exactly where true musicianship enters into it. Technical excellence is only one part of the equation. But having the sense and ability to hold notes for just the right amount of time, or to add that slight staccato element to a phrase is where someone with real musical ability shines. And these aren't the things that will ever be notated on a score. It's where interpretation and understanding of the piece comes into play.
Think about someone reading a paragraph from a book. Sure, all the periods and commas are there. Being able to say the words with the right pauses and stops is the technical aspect. But knowing when to put emphasis on certain words or phrases, or to add a slight pause even where there isn't a comma--that takes skill. It's why some people are better orators than others.
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:4, Insightful)
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:5, Insightful)
I actually agree with what you're saying, but I think you're off the mark in this case - you talk about true creativity falling outside the lines occasionally, but in pop music autotuners are used to turn every vocalist into a robotic, pitch perfect singer. What T-Pain is doing is creative, he's going for an original sound but for the most part autotuners are the antithesis of creativity.
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:5, Insightful)
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:5, Interesting)
What has this got to do with creativity?
Before autotune, we'd drop in on the same bit of vocal for hours if need be.
Now, if the spirit of the take is good, but there are a couple of pitch problems, you can fix them without endless retakes taking away the vibe.
I'd say it does the opposite to removing creativity. It liberates artists to let go a little when singing and go for feel over perfection.
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:5, Insightful)
It does seem that music and art, as with so many other things, the vision is what we're there for. Execution has to be good or we get distracted, but it's not what we turn the radio on for. Anything that conveys the full vision more completely, is a good thing.
Does anyone believe Britney has any actual talent outside of shaking her ass? Have you listened to her speak, do you think she's actually capable of stringing sentences together much less composing the lyrics to her songs? Come on. Someone writes her songs for her, composes and performs the music, modifies her voice... whatever. It doesn't change the fact that if you like her music, you actually like the team that creates it.
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:4, Insightful)
Perfect technique is great to have, but it better not be your only "selling/brag point" as a musician.
Especially so for recorded music. Computers can do "perfect technique" 24 hours a day, with > 99% uptime.
You want the perfect snare hit? OK record a "perfect technique" musician to hitting a few "perfect" snare hits, then you can play them back on demand _exactly_ when you want in the recording.
Go see what artists have done since cameras came about. Hardly any of them make much noise about having "perfect technique".
If all you have to offer is perfect technique, do not be surprised if one day you are more of a curiosity - like one of those savants who can pencil photorealistic images from memory - but cannot create a new and spectacularly moving scene from "nothing".
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:4, Insightful)
By authentic, we're referring to the humanity of the music. What you describe is authentic musicianship. Compare that to a band that goes into a studio and records a verse, a chorus, auto-tunes it all, clicks in some MIDI drum notes, then copies and pastes those parts multiple times to fill out three minutes of a single. That's pretty different from what you're talking about where you actually "make" the music.
My personal opinion is that popular music has no real future and that we're entering an era of smaller, more distributed successes through MySpace, iTunes, and whatever else is coming. Instead of a few big-name acts, there will be lots of small-name acts who come and go depending on the iTunes top ten. This will further lead to an assembly-line process for making music, but thankfully it will be easier to find the authentic stuff amongst the crap.
Most of the big-name acts today are either established acts from previous eras or reality show stars who will eventually be forgotten. This decade has been remarkably bland and lacking in direction, and I think it's a sign of the future and of our deadened culture.
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:4, Interesting)
Dead on. Berklee College of Music churns out class after class of fire-without-heat players, people with fantastic technique, most of whom go on to do absolutely nothing worthwhile musically. This despite the fact that they can outplay most of the musicians that create music that people actually want to listen to.
It's an easy trap to get into, and it happens in programming, too - who amongst us has not had to work with some technically brilliant programmer that wrote fast, concise, and "impressive" code that despite working for its purpose ended up being so incomprehensible to everyone else that it was unmaintainable? People that start down the path of technical skill and forget to stop and smell the roses are far too likely to forget that technical facility is only a means to an end, and they start evaluating both themselves and others on the technicalities of what they do, not the results.
To me, stuff like auto-tune is the equivalent of using a decent IDE, or programming in a language that is well suited to your task rather than one that makes you do everything yourself. Yes, it probably takes a better programmer to code CGI stuff in C than in PHP, and plenty of poor programmers rely on all the built in functionality of PHP to cover the fact that they can't code; that doesn't mean that the good programmers should always stick with straight C when PHP could cut out a lot of the work, though.
If a musician uses auto-tune to turn a 20 take marathon into a couple of takes that can be cleaned up after the fact (and end up with similar results), that's fine, they still may be an excellent musician, they're just working smart. If they're using it to cover the fact that they really can't sing, that's another issue altogether, but even then, if they have something worth singing and can't pull it off technically, why not fix it up with technology? If it enables a good product that otherwise couldn't have been created, then maybe they have excellent songwriting skills but poor vocal ones, and why should they not do whatever they can to put it out?
Parent
Authenticity (Score:5, Insightful)
As these techniques improve and become more popular, it makes me wonder what music produced twenty or fifty years from now will sound like, and how much authenticity will be left.
What does authenticity have to do with music? If you like the sound, listen to it. It's that simple.
Re:Authenticity (Score:5, Insightful)
It is however a downer for smaller groups or actual singers with decent voices, because they have to compete with an altered (potentially 'perfect-sounding') voice.
We'll end up with the same thing as what has happened with photoshopped magazine images - people expect unreasonable perfection, and the people without an army of machines behind them get made to look inferior. We'll end up losing touch with reality at this rate... What's a human singing voice sound like again...?
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:4, Interesting)
So what? Stop competing, make music and sing because you like it, get the music for the same reason, if you can make money from it to, good for you.
If I made music I would want it to sound whatever way I liked, if that was cheating or not what others wanted I wouldn't give much care for that.
You got a point regarding looks though, I know what I expect in peoples look :D
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:5, Insightful)
There will always be a Tom Waits, Neil Young, Les Claypool, etc. People with less than perfect voices, but write amazing music. Pop music is a business. Period. The suits are going to find the faces that will sell albums and worry about talent and ability to sing after the fact.
Though these technologies will primarily be used for the sake of making hacks sound passable to the mass audience, there will always be artists out there who will also put it to creative use. Bands like the Residents, Fantomas, Devo, Mr. Bungle, John Zorn, etc. will be drawn to the new toys and use them in unexpected ways.
People need to stop bitching about the quality of pop music. It's been crap since the 70's and only gets worse. There will always be great music if you bother to look for it.
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:4, Insightful)
It is however a downer for smaller groups or actual singers with decent voices, because they have to compete with an altered (potentially 'perfect-sounding') voice.
Nonsense. We already went through this in the 1960s and 1970s, with the introduction of synthesizers. I remember a Queen [wikipedia.org] album that featured this comment on the sleeve: NO SYNTHESIZERS. They were proud of their hard work, complex guitar work, and mixing and engineering efforts. So the next authentic singing group comes around an puts NO AUTO-TUNE on their album. Problem solved.
Authenticity becomes a selling point to those who care. Music lovers can trash-talk Britney because she uses AutoTune. Big deal -- they've been trash talking her for her entire career anyway.
AutoTune changes nothing.
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:4, Informative)
The disclaimer on their early albums wasn't because they felt synths to be artificial or 'unmusical' or even 'cheating'. As you rightly point out - they used synths a lot in the '80s.
It was because they, together with their producer Roy Thomas Baker, created a wall of sound using ONLY guitars and vocals as the source. They wanted people to know that these eerily perfect sounds weren't coming out of a vocoder or synthesizer - that they hadn't taken any shortcuts.
Parent
Re:Authenticity (Score:5, Insightful)
Parent
The sting in the tail (Score:5, Insightful)
But whenever the artist is live, they end up falling flat on their face. I saw Lily Allen on Johnathon Ross the other night, and she sounds *terrible* live, I've heard schoolgirls singing along to their MP3 player better than that.
Re:The sting in the tail (Score:4, Insightful)
I ran out of mod points last night, so I'll post instead.
You're spot on. You can easily tell which artists heavily rely on post-production techniques based on their live performances. Some shine, and for those that fail miserably(Jessica Simpson, Nelly Furtado, here's looking at you) it is easy to tell why.
Parent
Real-time Auto-Tune (Score:4, Insightful)
There'll be real-time auto-tune soon enough.
Parent
Re:Real-time Auto-Tune (Score:5, Informative)
That performance would have undoubtedly been better without auto-tune.
Parent
Re:The sting in the tail (Score:5, Interesting)
You're spot on. You can easily tell which artists heavily rely on post-production techniques based on their live performances. Some shine, and for those that fail miserably(Jessica Simpson, Nelly Furtado, here's looking at you) it is easy to tell why.
Absolutely right. I once saw a chat show where Sting was a guest. Half-way through he pulled out a guitar and sang something, and it was great. (I think it was Fields of Gold, which is a superb piece of music.) Despite the silly name, he's a real musician.
Interestingly, though, I once saw much the same thing happen with, of all people, the Backstreet Boys: one of the original glossy boy bands. Now, it was obviously carefully prepared, as four guys singing in close harmony doesn't happen spontaneously, so they could have sneaked in some postproduction, but the overall environment and production values makes me suspect they didn't. So it's possible that at least some of these people can actually perform.
Personally, I blame to songwriters --- a large proportion of the modern pap pop artists are just performers who sing whatever they're told to. One day I'd like to see a collection of music charts sorted by author rather than by performer and see if there are any interesting patterns...
Parent
Re:The sting in the tail (Score:4, Informative)
>One day I'd like to see a collection of music charts sorted by author rather than by performer and see if there are any interesting patterns...
You'd see Linda Perry [wikipedia.org] all over the place, for one thing.
Parent
Overused & Abused (Score:5, Insightful)
I never figured anyone in their right mind would want to do that
And who ever discovered analogue distortion by maxing the signal probably thought no one in their right mind would use that either. They were wrong. However, whoever discovered digital distortion by clipping probably thought no one in their right mind would want to use that ... and they have been for the most part correct.
:)
I'm going to make a prediction that this is going to turn out to be a lot like synth drums in the 80s. They were invented for fast beats that no human drummer could play. Except everyone started using them. On every song--with utter disregard for whether or not a regular drummer could play that. And what we have is a lot of hot fast songs from the 80s with synth drums and a whole bunch of hilariously cheesy disgusting synthesized drum songs. Synth drums are still used today but tastefully and when needed and--most importantly--in moderation.
I predict that we will look back at this vocal manipulation and see it the same way. It will have its place in a studio's toolbox where people want to modulate their voice unnaturally fast for a single song and can experiment with it. But these albums where every song has this applied to it are probably going to look like we resurrected & worshipped Max Headroom to future generations.
One more important thing: you don't know who is doing this. Is it Britney Spears? Does she really have control over her music? Are the fans actually demanding it? If this package is only $600 then why don't we see more bands (even independent) using this stuff? That's within any studio's price range.
I'm going to guess that it's safer for the corporate guys who run Spears & Co to bet on a machine to make perfect pitch. The fans are just told what to listen to by the radio anyway. I still get a kick out of listening to people defend Britney Spears as a talented musician when I'm pretty sure she's just a world class entertainer. Someone else shows her what to sing and how to dance--she's the piece of meat that keeps sales coming. Sad really.
Kudos to Hildebrand for making such a large jump between two completely different fields for the same technology. That stuff is getting more and more rare these days. Unfortunately it's for two of my least favorite industries
Re:Overused & Abused (Score:5, Interesting)
And the parent is also absolutely correct re: "artistic input" of the modern-day pop idol. For a brief while I worked as a PA to a guy who wrote/produced songs for hit machines like Britney. When he and his partner would write a new song, I'd be the one sending it out to various talent managers to shop it around. Some wouldn't be interested, others would. It's not unlike actors vying for a leading role in a movie. Several audition to get the song, and one gets it. They're just the presentation face. To use the movie analogy again, do you think the actors write the lines that they say? They have a little input, but for the most part, they're just the hired help that's being told what to do.
Parent
Old technology (Score:4, Insightful)
I was going to suggest that the vocoder was much older technology that does the same thing, however more research shows that Hilderbrands implementation actually uses a phase vocoder.
That said, the use of the autotune in the forefront I find absolutely atrocious. To me it's the musical equivalent of applying makeup in order to highlight the mole on your face.
AudioSlave (Score:5, Informative)
It's an instrument. (Score:5, Insightful)
The article is about people using this technology to produce effects, so the word "deliberate deception" no longer seems to apply. In this case it's an instrument, like synthesizer or even a lute.
Scene: 9,000 BC:
Hey, that guy has some gut strings on a hollow log that he makes vibrate, and they're tuned in harmony! He plucks them as he sings, so he can sing in tune all the time! That's deliberate deception!
Re:It's an instrument. (Score:5, Funny)
Parent
Re:It's an instrument. (Score:5, Funny)
Though admittedly the image of mercilessly beating a bard with a lemur is rather entertaining, and if he uses an auto tuner then he deserves it!
Parent
Authenticity is for the Olympics. This is Pop. (Score:4, Insightful)
I could not care in the least whether the voice on "Circus" and "Toxic" belongs to a young blond woman named Britney Spears or an AI in a basement in Kyoto. It's pop music: flash, rhymes, synth, beat, top hat and just enough cowbell. Ever since MTV it's also been good looks and plenty of skin, and that's fine too. Lemme say it again: It's Pop Music! It's not classical, or jazz, or standards, or any of the genres which mandate legit chops. When I listen to a pop song, I am under no illusion that the person credited wrote the song, is playing the instrument, or sings like that in real life. I don't care about the artist (or his/her politics) I care about the production of the song.
Jeez... didn't The Monkees teach us anything?
Rush said it best. (Score:4, Insightful)
All this machinery
Making modern music
Can still be open-hearted
Not so coldly charted
Its really just a question
Of your honesty
imagine if writers were all illiterate... (Score:4, Insightful)
Music is already VERY artificial (Score:5, Insightful)
it already mainly comes
- not live, but from a piece of plastic
- not "natural", but from artificial instruments/synthetizers
- not as played, but from a careful, non real-time, mix of several tracks recorded separately
- from a performer different than the creator
All of these would have been anathema to snobs at some earlier time. There is stil music I like, and there will still be for a long time.
So, next to get the "improve" treatment is the vocal part. How is that different from the rest ? WHo cares ?
Autotune? Old School! MELODYNE'S THE POOP!!! (Score:5, Interesting)
That said, autotune is the oldschool. Melodyne [youtube.com] is the Real Deal and it kicks ass. Direct note Access is freakin' nuts.
RS
Re:Inauthentic? (Score:5, Funny)
Is hip-hop and R&B EVEN a form of music?
Actually, I kind of like R&B, but I refuse to recognize Hip-Hop as music. I mean sure, it's got a beat and you can kill cops to it, but it's still lacking something.
Parent
Re:Inauthentic? (Score:5, Insightful)
...but I refuse to recognize Hip-Hop as music. I mean sure, it's got a beat and you can kill cops to it, but it's still lacking something.
It's poetry with a beat behind it! And guns! They're like beatniks with automatic weapons.
Parent
Re:Real Time? (Score:4, Informative)
Parent
Re:Real Time? (Score:4, Insightful)
Mine is digital and works in real time just fine. I only ever really used it for live stuff as in the studio, I would just have all the harmonies sung and recorded individually.
My harmonizer would let you do interesting things like assigning certain tracks as male and certain tracks as female and it would change your voice inflection to match appropriately.
As I mentioned, it also had a pitch corrector. When I first got it, I played around with the pitch corrector as a novelty, but I never used it in a performance or recording. Part of what makes a voice interesting is that it is not perfect. It is a fine line for certain. Too perfect sounds flat and boring. Too imperfect sounds dissonant and terrible. I like Sheryl Crow's voice because it is not perfect and it always sounds like she's just about to be badly off key, but it never happens.
Similarly, in orchestral music, if two perfectly in tune trumpets played, it would sound like one trumpet, which would not be that interesting. Two badly out of tune trumpets playing would sound like two badly out of tune trumpets playing and would sound awful. Two trumpets that are nearly but not exactly in tune gives just enough dissonance to give a rich, full sound.
Parent