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Complete Mozart Works Now Free 304

An anonymous reader writes "Mozart's year-long 250th birthday party is ending on a high note with the musical scores of his complete works available for the first time free on the Internet. Although most classical music is obviously too old to be under copyright, the rights to specific editions of pieces are owned by the publishers. Now, the International Mozart Foundation has acquired the right to publish the prestigious New Mozart Edition of every Mozart work on the internet. The response has been so overwhelming that the Foundation has been forced to increase their server capacity."
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Complete Mozart Works Now Free

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  • by TrisexualPuppy ( 976893 ) on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @10:17PM (#17231916)
    The response has been so overwhelming that the Foundation has been forced to increase their server capacity.
    One of my cousins works with the NMA. He's currently out in Germany. It was amazing how QUICKLY news got out, and their servers were bogged down like crazy (and still are). They have had to temporarily get several new colos up. In the first couple of hours alone, there was a transfer of something like fifteen terabytes. That's WELL more than the usual monthly average!
  • Re:Mozardot (Score:2, Informative)

    by Werkhaus ( 549466 ) on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @10:18PM (#17231932)
    Possibly. Apparently, (from the website) "We are overvelmed by the resonance of this website.".
  • Konquerer (Score:4, Informative)

    by X0563511 ( 793323 ) * on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @10:29PM (#17232006) Homepage Journal
    Don't bother trying to get in with Konquerer. Holy mis-rendering Batman!

  • other options (Score:5, Informative)

    by bcrowell ( 177657 ) on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @10:32PM (#17232030) Homepage
    Before anyone gets too excited -- there are plenty of public-domain editions of Mozart. This is just one particular edition that's going to be available online for free. There's actually a huge amount of PD sheed music available at Mutopia [mutopiaproject.org]. The nice thing about the Mutopia stuff is that it's in a format that's editable using free software (Lilypond). For instance, I've taken some Mozart horn duets and arranged them so my daughter and I can play them on violin and viola. Because it's in Lilypond format, it's easy to transpose, arrange, whatever. If all you want is digital scans of PD editions, there are various sites that will let you download scans for free [dmoz.org]. One thing that seems a little goofy about the NMA thing is that they make you agree to use this web site only for personal study and not to make copies except for my personal use under "Fair Use" principles of Copyright law as defined in this license agreement. Uh ... fair use is an exception to copyright. Hell, I can copy a Britney Spears CD and call it fair use.
  • Re:Suggestions (Score:3, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @10:35PM (#17232050)
    The site has much more features than simply the downloading of scores. It also allows the text searching of critical reports and scholarly articles, which is a very valuable resource. One must remember the site is for both amateur and professional musician/musicologists, and so something like bittorrent would be totally insufficient for the features they have planned. Plus, professional musicians are generally computer-illiterate (I say this as a professional musician myself).

    The problem with the site that I think is causing confusion is the fact that it is in German at first (though you can switch to the English version). Otherwise, play around with it a bit and it works fairly well. I'm sure they can improve on the UI though... but that's not the most important thing by any stretch.
  • Re:Sheet music only? (Score:5, Informative)

    by FireFlie ( 850716 ) on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @10:41PM (#17232114)
    If you want classical mp3s Classic Cat [classiccat.net] has a large selection of recordings of many composers' works. I believe it is all free and legal. Lot of good stuff.
  • by TrisexualPuppy ( 976893 ) on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @10:47PM (#17232150)
    Please tell him that if there was ever a use for BitTorrent, this would be it.
    Considerations are already in place. I don't know what the deal was, but they were having some "legal" issue with running a tracker. Stay tuned to the TSP for more updates!!
  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @10:47PM (#17232156)
    Many people here seem, as expected, look more on the copyright side of the issue. The fact is, getting such an edition together is *not* easy by any stretch. That particular edition itself (Neue Mozart-Ausgabe) took 36 years (finished in 1991) to complete. Consider the amount of money that has to be paid to musicologists to do research for the 35 years. Obviously Barenreiter doesn't want to give it away for free. So the Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum *bought* the rights of online publication from Barenreiter, and of course even then there will be limits to what you can do with it. Obviously you cannot use these scans to publish and sell your own version of it. I consider Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum very very generous, and I thank them for it.

    Also, the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe is NOT public domain in any sense of the word, because of the editing. As professional musicians know, editing is *not* something you suddenly decide to do, or something where you change a few notes and that's that. It is a long process where you research all evidence (including conflicting ones), and try to build an edition that the composer himself would have approved of. And for most editions (and all of the Barenreiter ones) a critical report comes with each piece; and it documents the path of research and the evidence used.

    If you want truly public domain Mozart scores, try the Alte Mozart-Ausgabe (the old complete edition), which is completely in the public domain, with partial scans if it circulating around the net. Though, if you checked on wikipedia, you'll realize how big a difference there is between the Alte and Neue Mozart-Ausgabes.
  • by TheFoolishOne ( 1008229 ) on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @10:56PM (#17232226)
    On the contrary. Mozart and his ilk invented the rave, although in his days, the music was better, but the drugs were pretty lousy. Still, I'd expect if Mozart was around today, we'd see his mangina flashed around the media pretty often.
  • by raddan ( 519638 ) on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @10:59PM (#17232252)
    Mozart wasn't exactly the paragon of conservatism. From Wikipedia:

    Shaffer's play [Amadeus] attracted criticism for portraying Mozart as vulgar and loutish, a characterization felt by many to be unfairly exaggerated, but in fact frequently confirmed by the composer's letters and other memorabilia. For example, Mozart wrote canons on the words "Leck mich im Arsch" ("Lick my arse") and "Leck mich im Arsch recht fein schön sauber" ("Lick my arse nice and clean") as party pieces for his friends.

    And if you believe that Amadeus is representative of fact (which it probably is not, but is an entertaining play/movie in any event), then Mozart serves as more of a model for Paris Hilton's and Brittney Spears' current behavior than anything else. A genius... and a party animal!
  • by jfengel ( 409917 ) on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @11:01PM (#17232258) Homepage Journal
    The copyright is expired on the works, but not on this particular edition of the works, which is a particularly well-researched one.

    Think of an edition as being like a translation from another language. You could, if you want, transcribe the music yourself from Mozart's original documents, if you had them. (They're in various libraries and collections throughout the world; a friend of mine worked with some at the Library of Congress.) In fact, there are often several originals, some incomplete and some conflicting with each other.

    It's a lot of work, like doing a translation, and like a translation, the resulting document is itself a new work with a new original copyright date.
  • Comment removed (Score:3, Informative)

    by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @11:31PM (#17232470)
    Comment removed based on user account deletion
  • Re:Suggestions (Score:3, Informative)

    by Petrushka ( 815171 ) on Wednesday December 13, 2006 @11:52PM (#17232586)

    The site is a UI disaster. It's unclear how to find actual music.

    What do you mean? Click on "Search the NMA Online", and they give you a list of volumes. Click on the volume to expand it. Once you're looking at a list of individual works and movements, click on the Adobe logo to get a PDF file. Where's the difficulty?

  • Re:other options (Score:3, Informative)

    by RockyMountain ( 12635 ) on Thursday December 14, 2006 @12:15AM (#17232706) Homepage
    Before anyone gets too excited -- there are plenty of public-domain editions of Mozart.

    I disagree.

    This is _very_ exciting news. There are indeed some public-domain editions of a very tiny subset of Mozart's compelete works. Mutopia is the best example, but even there, a keyword search on "Mozart" gives only about 60 hits -- for Leopold and Wolfgang combined. Well, Wolfgang composed 626+ opusses, so at best Mutopia has 10%. In fact far less becase many are incomplete scores (fragments, extracted parts, arrangements for particular instrument groupings, etc.), and many are duplications (the same work arranged for different instrument groupings).

    What's more exciting is that these are high quality, authentic scores for original instrumentation. That's hard to find, even if you're prepared to pay top dollar. And consider that a symphony or voilin concerto complete score (all orchestral parts plus soloist) is likely to set you back many hundreds of dollars -- just for a single opus.

    As a violinist, for me this is just truly wonderful news. Oh, if only t'were true of more composers. Dare we hope? Hmmm Beethoven's 250th birthday is 2020. :-)

  • by jbn-o ( 555068 ) <mail@digitalcitizen.info> on Thursday December 14, 2006 @12:49AM (#17232902) Homepage
    Perhaps they also ought to consider uploading to The Internet Archive [archive.org] which would help them offload the bandwidth burden. The Internet Archive carries a wide variety of works under a variety of licenses.
  • by cpt kangarooski ( 3773 ) on Thursday December 14, 2006 @01:50AM (#17233122) Homepage
    Compilations aren't necessarily copyrightable, though, and even where they are, the compilation copyright only covers the compilation, and not the material that compromises the compilation. That is, it covers a specific arrangement and selection of items, but not the items themselves. And the compilation still has to be original and creative. An uncreative one isn't copyrightable.

    As for it being hard work, so what? Copyright is interested in originality, not hard work. An original limerick written in thirty seconds is copyrightable, but a book of uncreatively selected and arranged facts that took a lifetime to produce is not copyrightable.
  • by MartinB ( 51897 ) on Thursday December 14, 2006 @02:33AM (#17233260) Homepage
    Mozart in the original would be of use only to an academic --- How do you read his notation? What instruments was he writing for? --- and so on.
    I'd agree with you if you were talking pre-C16th. But with a small number of exceptions (trumpet being one - the valved instrument was very new at the time, and pianos weren't built to carry over a large symphony orchestra), Mozart's available instrumentation was at most marginally different to the resources of a chamber orchestra today, and his notation is near as dammit the same.

    Even reading his handwritten notation is pretty easy by comparison - you don't get any of the scratchings out and revisions of many composers. Mozart seemed to have it all there in his head in finished form, and it was all a matter of just writing it down, so the first draft is the same quality as most composers' fair copy. Makes the rest of us green with envy, btw.
  • by idlake ( 850372 ) on Thursday December 14, 2006 @04:14AM (#17233640)
    The stuff is "free-as-in-beer". You can't download the complete archive, and you can't use it for anything other than "personal" or "educational" use. You probably can't even perform it. So, distribution through BT is not going to happen.

  • by idlake ( 850372 ) on Thursday December 14, 2006 @04:16AM (#17233650)
    The music is not "free" the way the Internet Archive understands it, so they can't redistribute it. The music is only made available, under license, for "personal" or "educational" use, and you are specifically prohibited from downloading all of it or redistributing it. It's largely marketing for the publisher.

    For a truly free edition of Mozart's public domain works, we'll have to wait until older editions are scanned at the libraries. But it's going to happen.
  • by waterbear ( 190559 ) on Thursday December 14, 2006 @04:30AM (#17233700)
    The only scores definitely in the public domain are Mozart's original autographs. Engraved editions of his music, provided they were produced after 1923, are under copyright.

    By the way, that "1923" is a local US thing. The equivalent date in the UK, for example, would be "1980" (1981 from next month...): it's 25 years from the end of the year of first publication, for the copyright in an original typography of a per-se out-of-copyright work. (And editions made by photoreproduction of a previously published typography don't qualify for a fresh copyright of this kind.) It's also worth noting that this period for 'publisher's' copyrights is set by s.15 of the 1988 copyright act in the UK and was left unchanged when the duration of the _author's_ copyrights was extended from 50 years to 70 years from the end of the year of the author's death (1995 regulations).

    Aside from that, plenty of useful Mozart scores (e.g. many from Breitkopf and Haertel) were published in the 19th century, and are copyright-free even in the US, where Dover Publications for a long time provided a very useful service by republishing quite some numbers of them at reasonable prices.

    Creating a definitive text from various scribbled manuscripts is painstaking work, it's no surprise that copyright law covers this process as well as that of purely original works.

    The copyright in the NMA (Baerenreiter) scores appears to depend on two factors, (a) fresh typography and (b) the extent of significant editorial revisions. The first factor applies to all of the new-set scores, (and where the 25-year rule applies, some of these copyrights are already approaching or have even reached their end). The second factor may possibly not apply to all works, because to produce them it was certainly not usually a matter of "creating a definitive text from various scribbled manuscripts", some of the new editions differ from the old out-of-copyright ones by nothing more than a few corrected articulation-marks here or there -- like a few commas or periods of musical punctuation. But where the second factor does apply, it will presumably be an author's copyright timed by the lifetime + 70 years of the significant editor if any.

    Like one of the earlier posters, I also don't 'get it' that a scan of an out-of-copyright score can attract a fresh copyright -- and yet, it was a private assertion of this kind (not tested in any court as far as I know) that effectively drove a set of scans of old and out-of-copyright Mozart scores off the internet within the past few years.

    The complexity of copyright provisions, and their general unknown-ness, is clearly in itself a factor that takes away people's freedoms even to part of the extent that laws supposedly assure those freedoms. It is not often enough mentioned that, in this way, legal complications in themselves limit freedom.

    -wb-
  • by Diomidis Spinellis ( 661697 ) on Thursday December 14, 2006 @06:21AM (#17234170) Homepage
    The site's design is a technical and usability disaster. It appears to be a mixture of JPEG page images grouped to look like a book, scanned documents in PDF format, huge PDF proofs complete with their crop marks, PDF files generated on the fly, and previously cached content. Opaque URLs, frames, gratuitous uses of Javascript, and botched internationalization complete the picture. A more simple design for the site would be a lot more usable and consume considerably less bandwidth and CPU power.

    Unfortunately, too often non-technical managers get to make technical decisions and supervise web development. They invariably go for eye candy, ignoring usability and performance issues. Publishing legacy formats on the web is not easy [uspto.gov], but the result really doesn't got to be this bad.

  • Re:Sheet music only? (Score:3, Informative)

    by SeanAhern ( 25764 ) on Thursday December 14, 2006 @09:20AM (#17235082) Journal
    Yes, there are programs like that. I can only mention one that I've used, OMeR (http://myriad-online.com/en/products/omer.htm [myriad-online.com]). It does optical recognition of scanned sheet music. I've had varying results with it, but as good as 95% recognition. This was a few years ago.

    (I am not affiliated with Myriad Online.)
  • by GeffDE ( 712146 ) on Thursday December 14, 2006 @10:08AM (#17235650)
    As a musician, let me tell you that music is not like software. This music is truly free because, well, you don't need to buy it. There is nothing in the license that says you cannot perform it; there is nothing in the license that says you cannot charge people to listen to your performance. For what it is, a publication of sheet music for free, it is an amazing thing because sheet music is usually a very expensive thing. Additionally, the editing house that produced this edition (Bärenreiter) is almost universally regarded as the best and is therefore the most expensive. The complete score for the Mozart requiem (something I use only because I need to pick one up) normally costs 120.00 euros. That is a fat wad of cash, and now something I don't need to spend.

    This is intended for musicians who want to play or for teachers who want to use Mozart as examples in their class (instead of copying out of books, which is technically illegal, but widely done because how else are you going to conveniently give students something that they can look at and analyze and learn from?). In those cases, there would be no reason to need to download the whole thing or redistribute it. If you will accept the poor analogy, sheet music is like source code; when you learn is and perform it, it's like compiling it. Here, these people are giving out the source code, but they are making sure that the only place the source code is gotten from is their website. The license is no more onerous than the GPL; there are conditions that you must accept if you want to download and use it.

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