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United States Communications Science

FCC Drops Morse Code Requirement 231

leighklotz writes to mention a story discussing what some might consider a historic event. The FCC has dropped the Morse Testing requirement for amateur radio certifications. The public announcement was made on Friday. Ham radio operators will no longer have to study Morse, in a move patterned after other western nations. Says leighklotz: "The U.S. joins Canada and other countries in eliminating the morse code testing requirement, after being authorized to do so on July 5, 2003, when the World Radio Telecommunications Conference 2003 in Geneva adopted changes to the ITU Radio Regulations."
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FCC Drops Morse Code Requirement

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  • Bad idea? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by Perseid ( 660451 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @06:23AM (#17267206)
    I understand they want more people back on ham radio, but what will the old-timers think of these code-less noobs invading their clique? And, no offense, but will anyone new care?
  • Re:Bad idea? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by khallow ( 566160 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @06:27AM (#17267220)
    Heh, it will be easier for me to obtain a license now. I'm now volunteering for a non-profit for which these licenses are useful to have. Probably will learn Morse code anyway since it is a very useful skill to know.
  • What the Morse? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by CriminalNerd ( 882826 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @06:31AM (#17267240)
    What's wrong with the Morse code? Personally, I think that learning the Morse code should be a requirement for radio operation at the very least (or any communications course in general) because the Morse code is very simple to learn and use, and because it is nearly universally recognized. Telling radio operators that they don't need to know Morse code is like telling scientists that they don't need to know the periodic table by heart.
  • Re:Bad idea? (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward on Saturday December 16, 2006 @06:32AM (#17267248)
    I gather that hams have opposed this for years, saying that the lower entry requirements will cause their network to be flooded with the radio equivalents of AOL users. A bit like the time when the Internet suddenly became accessible to many, many, people, most of whom were complete idiots. However, I think that ham radio is a niche hobby, and it's unlikely that the changing requirements will really attract hordes of idiots.
  • Re:Bad idea? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by aztracker1 ( 702135 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @07:03AM (#17267348) Homepage
    I don't think it is a requirement for ATV, or some of the other stuff mentioned.. I have a few friends that are HAMS, I know one is not Tech certified, only the lower level, and he participates in ATV.. I think the limitations are in frequency band usage, and maybe transition power (though few hams use the max allowed).

    It's kind of a mixed bag though.
  • Refining the point (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Beryllium Sphere(tm) ( 193358 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @07:15AM (#17267388) Journal
    There are plenty of other narrow-band modes well suited for DX, e.g. PSK31.

    A lot of the world, though, doesn't have computers coming out their ears like the rich countries do. But they can turn transmitters on and off.

    The reason to learn code today is for contacting a wide range of people in a wide range of countries, while conserving bandwidth and allowing operation under more difficult conditions. Automatic decoding of human-sent Morse code has been suprisingly troublesome compared to using a human brain for the purpose.
  • by Mystic Pixel ( 911992 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @07:48AM (#17267528)
    (follow-up, since I forgot /. doesn't allow editing)

    I don't think the comparisons to Endless September are really justified. The difference is that to get the higher classes, people still have to pass more complicated tests. If they don't enjoy, understand, and appreciate the hobby, what incentive is there for them to do this?

    Sure, the ham world has it's share of inconsiderate jerks (I've encountered some of them on 2 meters myself) but ham radio is different than the internet in a number of important ways. First and foremost, commercial transactions are strictly forbidden.

    Endless September resulted from the commercialization of the Internet: the root cause was that net access was being marketed to the general public. Computers were becoming cheaper and the average person was being told that they *needed* one of these machines. No such thing is happening here. Ham radio still requires a fair amount of technical expertise, and the motivation for getting a license has to come from within. The equipment is still expensive, and violation of the rules still carries FCC penalties. (Which is a good counter-argument, I just realized: AOLers and idiots on the internet aren't subject to FCC fines.)

    Plus, without the commercialization, most people don't really appreciate ham radio enough to get into it themselves. Those that do (by and large) understand the rules and the reasons behind them, and if they don't, their day will come.

    KB3NIF

  • by Cauchy ( 61097 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @07:52AM (#17267542)
    I am a ham who has held a Technician license for 9 years now. Technician gives all privs at the higher frequencies, and it does NOT require code. I never got a higher license because I never found time to learn code so this requirement was in fact holding me back. With that said, it makes me profoundly sad to see them drop this requirement as code is extremely useful for many applications, and I think it will significantly reduce the number of people who bother to learn code. I guess I'm just a sucker for nostalgia. It isn't like you needed code to get a license---you could work any and all ham uhf and vhf frequencies with a license that does not require code. With that said, I'll certainly be upgrading my license, sooner rather than later now. :)
  • Back in the days... (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Snarfiorix ( 1001357 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @08:00AM (#17267568) Journal
    Having learned Morse code while in the Royal Dutch Navy and a love to tinker with electronic, I created a text- to Morse - to text application on my Sinclair ZX Spectrum K back in 1983 and hooked it up to an old AN PRC 10-A. I had lots of fun sharing the app and testing how fast we could push it (we got it to transmit and receive at 400 words per minute). Then we had the idea to transmit lists of basic code to each other so we could share apps for the old Sinclair... Of course it would end up having to retransmit because interference or some joker cutting in on the frequency.

    We kept tweaking the app until 1989 where we had a IM type of functionality, encryption (!) and we could "attach" binaries or act as a automated relay station. The old Sinclair was an ideal micro to grab your solder iron and make it interface with all sorts of electronics. I remember having much more fun with morsecode and that old Spectrum then when I got my first PC with DOS on it.

    Heck, I think I will head up the shed and dig up the Sinclair and the AN PRC 10-A.
  • Its the old story (Score:3, Interesting)

    by imsabbel ( 611519 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @09:27AM (#17267950)
    "_I_ had to learn it, so everybody else for all eternaty will have to learn it, too!".

    Plus the fact that you can create an aweful lot of baseless elitism by practicing a worthless and unneeded skill.
  • by rohar ( 253766 ) <bob.rohatensky@sasktel.net> on Saturday December 16, 2006 @09:42AM (#17268026) Homepage Journal
    In 1988 I took Marine Radio Operating and obtained a Canadian RGMC which required error free 20 wpm Morse Code send/receive and all of the electronics theory and regulations to be a commercial marine radio operator. The holder of a RGMC also was granted a HAM license from the DOT. I ended up in IT and never did work as a Radio Op., or even use my HAM license, but after a year of training, I never forgot Morse Code. I would imagine I would have to practise for a while to send/receive at 5 wpm (never mind 20wpm) now, but it's one of those learned skills that seems to stick. but if I am ever lost at sea...

    D dddd d Ddd d d DdD ddDd dD DdDd D DDD dDd dd ddd dddd ddD Ddd d
    The had to be in characters because apparently ./ considers any amount of .- as 'junk' and won't allow the post.

    I want a cwtext message interface for my cell phone, at least for sending. Has anyone heard of a phone that does that?

  • Re:Bad idea? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by kefoo ( 254567 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @09:51AM (#17268086)
    Even without the code requirement, getting a license still requires a good deal of work. Every class of license exam includes quite a bit of electronics theory that I think will help to weed out the people who aren't up to the qualifications of having a license and previously would have been turned off by the code requirement. On top of that there's the expense of buying (or building) the equipment and setting up an antenna, so I doubt we'll be flooded by morons any time soon.

    In emergencies or during periods of bad signal propogation morse code often offers the best chance for getting a message through. It requires less power than voice transmissions and is easier to understand through the noise that sometimes clogs the bands. That being said, there are enough of us who do know code (and many who use it exclusively) that hams as a group won't lose their utility in those times.
  • by stewbee ( 1019450 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @09:59AM (#17268142)
    The ARRL [arrl.org] has plenty of books on how to study for the FCC exams. I recently just received my technicians license, which is the most basic license. There are books there that will teach you all of the requirements that you need to learn to pass the FCC exam. However, if you want to learn about electronics, then any Ham will tell you to pick up a copy of the ARRL Handbook [amazon.com].

    I own the Handbook and am an electrical engineer by trade. The Handbook is certainly a book that will give you examples of how to build radios yourself without bogging the explanations down with a lot of math. If you like explanations with more mathematical rigor, then you will have to go elsewhere. However, the book does an effective job of explaining circuits with some very creative examples.

    The ARRL web site also has a directory of local clubs and events. Usually there is a point of contact associated with the club and they can give you a hand.
  • by Nate B. ( 2907 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @10:34AM (#17268346) Homepage Journal
    I have been involved with administering amateur radio license exams since 1992 and have overseen two separate exam teams since 1999. So, I have seen us transition from a rather complicated licensing structure to one that is a bit more sane.

    I hear comments that amateur radio is being "dumbed down" to match the output of the government schools. The truth be told, I have witnessed people from many walks of life be thoroughly confused by the old licensing structure. So, there it little doubt in my mind that changes needed to be made. As an examiner, the recent (2000 and now 2006) changes will make my life a bit easier. They also lessen the burden on the FCC's administration of the Amateur Radio Service which is a key factor behind the recent changes.

    As for the Morse Code requirement. When I started my self study of Morse in 1981, I truly believed that I would never be able to pass any test higher than 5 WPM. A few years later I did pass the 13 WPM (1985) and then in 1992 I passed the 20 WPM exam to obtain my Amateur Extra class license. I have used the code at various times throughout my ham radio career, but haven't ever gotten proficient enough at it to carry on a casual conversation with it. I have done well enough to enjoy some radio contests using the mode.

    While I should probably be in the camp that says "I had to do it, all newcomers should too", I am not. In the early '90s the FCC, in response to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, made an administrative rule allowing anyone to obtain a doctor's statement claiming a disability that granted a waiver of the 13 and 20 WPM exams. As examiners we were required to accept the statement and grant the waiver. We could not question it any way. I personally saw several abuses of that rule and there was nothing I could do. The FCC was very specific in its mandate that only it had the authority to question the validity of any such statement.

    The upshot of this is that due to the medical waivers, the 13 and 20 WPM Morse Code exams had almost become a farce by the time Restructuring (the action that reduced the license classes from six to three and reduced the Morse exam to 5 WPM) was enacted in April 2000. Anyone wanting to operate on HF still had to pass 5 WPM as the FCC deemed that speed not a significant hardship and the USA needed to comply with its treaty obligations which required a knowledge of Morse Code for operators licensed to operate below 30 MHz.

    There are many reasons for hams to learn Morse Code in the future and a lot of them have already been stated here and elsewhere. The debate about whether it should be required knowledge is now moot so it's time for the amateur radio community to work toward the future. Morse Code (or CW) is one mode among many available for the Radio Amateur's use. As such, it can stand on its own and attract those interested in using it. I predict that the use of Morse Code on the amateur radio bands will continue for many years into the future by those that appreciate it.

    Preparing for an exam session will now mean that I just have to prepare the written exams for the three license classes. No longer do I need to drag various pieces of electronic equipment along to conduct a Morse Code exam. This relieves the exam teams of a significant burden and will speed exam sessions up considerably. It will also make exam sessions more consistent as the Morse Code exam was an area where many teams free-lanced and some even prided themselves on administering an exam that was very difficult to pass.

    Based on the elitism that I've seen demonstrated by too many hams over the years regarding the knowledge of Morse Code, I am not one bit sorry to see the exam requirement for it eliminated.
  • Re:Bad idea? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by fyngyrz ( 762201 ) * on Saturday December 16, 2006 @11:05AM (#17268492) Homepage Journal
    ...what what will the old-timers think of these code-less noobs invading their clique?

    This extra-class "old-timer", who had to pass the 20 WPM code requirement, is all for the change. After WWII, all it ever served as was an artificial non-technical barrier to a technical achievement in a technical hobby. I don't object to anyone learning the code and/or using the code, it has some merit as a low-power communications mode with extremely low hardware requirements (like a mirror or your arms) but I don't favor it being part of the gateway to any set of band or operating privileges unless they come up with a new one like "code endorsement" that is simply a certificate.

    Numerous technical advances have come from the ham radio community. It makes little or no sense to hold back a technical wizard's privileges because his ears or fist aren't good enough for morse code. But that's the FCC for you, historically speaking. Sense isn't exactly their forte'.

  • by W2IRT ( 679526 ) <pjd@panix.com> on Saturday December 16, 2006 @11:09AM (#17268516) Homepage
    In 1976 I heard language on 80M that was a great exercise in George Carlin's "7 dirty words"--and most of the speakers were Extra Class hams (highest license).

    Sadly, that kind of garbage is still there. Between the plethora of Rush Limbaugh wannabees (with their own gold-plated RE-20s!!), codgers describing their gall bladder surgery and the 4-land "pigfarmers-with-pitchfoks" types displaying all 20 of their IQ points, both 80 and 20m phone bands are painful to listen to more often than not.

    I usually try to catch Riley Hollingsworth's keynote presentation at Dayton, Timonium or some other hamfest every year, and it seems to be a constant - the biggest troublemakers on the HF bands, he claims, are 20-WPM Extras and 13-WPM Advanced-class licensees.

    On the other hand, CW is growing in popularity. Look at the recent big DXpeditions; 5A7A to Libya, 3Y0X to Peter the First Island and others. More QSOs in CW than any other mode, and by a large margin. And 40m CW is always the toughest nut to crack in any DXpedition.

    As for me, I hated CW when I passed my Canadian Advanced license exam in 1981 (15 WPM sending and receiving, 3 minutes solid copy, 100% accuracy required!). I put my key in a drawer after that and didn't touch it again until about 3 years ago. I'm back up to over 15 WPM now, and I'd say 80% of my QSOs today are in Morse. I may not be great at CW, but I sure enjoy using it. I hope the new codeless operators who get into HF will decide to pick up a set of paddles and come down to the bottom of the band and have a go. It really does expand one's horizons. And if you're a DXer, it's impossible to get your totals up without it!

  • Re:What the Morse? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by fyngyrz ( 762201 ) * on Saturday December 16, 2006 @11:21AM (#17268610) Homepage Journal
    Once again the EXTRA CLASS hams gets screwed.

    How, precisely, were we "screwed" by this change? I took the 20 WPM test, I passed it, I know code and can use it both ways at about 35 WPM (I can't write any faster than that.) I don't feel screwed by having the "achievement" under my belt, as it were. The only way I feel screwed is by the relatively few people who were able to make it to extra, earning recognition for their relevant skills, you know, like knowing how a blinking radio works? I feel screwed by the number of people turned away from the hobby because they found morse too difficult, though they were technically sophisticated. I feel screwed by a government that doesn't follow international treaties any time it wants, but elected to follow this requirement long after it was obsolete, thus trimming the membership of ham radio. I feel screwed by hams who rationalize that "because I did it, YOU have to do it" is a "good" reason.

    Morse code isn't easy for some people. Just because it was easy for you, doesn't mean it is easy for any other individual. I'm a musician and it came to me naturally and quickly, and I think that is why. On the other hand, I worked for months with several hams trying to get them over the 20 WPM threshold, and it never happened despite hours and hours of investment of everyone's time. It was bullshit then, and it's been bullshit for many decades.

  • by QuietLagoon ( 813062 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @11:31AM (#17268684)
    Morse code is [engadget.com] is faster than texting [google.com]
  • by bromoseltzer ( 23292 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @11:33AM (#17268694) Homepage Journal

    I have been involved with administering amateur radio license exams since 1992 and have overseen two separate exam teams since 1999. So, I have seen us transition from a rather complicated licensing structure to one that is a bit more sane.

    I hear comments that amateur radio is being "dumbed down" to match the output of the government schools. The truth be told, I have witnessed people from many walks of life be thoroughly confused by the old licensing structure. So, there it little doubt in my mind that changes needed to be made.
    Some questions come to mind about ham radio licensing -

    Why do we have licensing for ham radio? We license ham operators and auto drivers, but not CB/FMRS or Internet users. What's up with that? The idea is that if you're going to "drive" a kilowatt radio transmitter with widely variable frequency and potentially large antenna systems and worldwide propagation, you need to be qualified - to understand the damage you can do to other users and to the public if you don't observe minimum standards, etc. The risks involved with Citizens Band or the Internet are judged to be minor. (debatable, though!)

    Historically (like > 40 years ago), it really did take quite a lot of work and study to get yourself on the air, and the license exams were only part of it.

    Morse Code? Historically (again > 30 or 40 years ago), Morse Code (aka CW = continuous wave) was the only practical way for new hams to get on the air. If you are building your own equipment, this is still true! Minimum knowledge of Morse was a practical necessity, and it demonstrated earnestness. Exactly why it became part of the international convention (1934), I can't tell you.

    Why do we have a volunteer examiner system? Apparently the government, in its wisdom, still thinks licensing is necessary (and a treaty obligation under 30 MHz, perhaps), but it is not willing to allocate the resources to manage the examination program. The VEC exams seem to be a compromise -- not as "serious" as the old FCC administered exams (let me tell you!), but cheap and still a meaningful hurdle to pass.

    Are the license requirements relevant? This is the real question. In olden days, you had to be able to draw or recognize a misdrawn circuit diagram of a Hartley or Colpitts oscillator and know a fair amount of other practical electronics. You had to send and receive Morse at 5, 13, or 20 wpm, depending on license class. Today, other skills are more relevant - digital modulation and signal processing, computer interfacing, Internet services. Few people build their own equipment. The role of Morse/CW is much less central to ham radio, though still very popular for some of us. Reluctantly, I'd say it should have been eliminated years ago as a license requirement. Some of us will always work CW, just as some homebrew their gear and some do their own DSP coding. But it won't be a barrier for everyone else.

    73 de AA6E, "20 wpm Extra Class" ham
  • by Nate B. ( 2907 ) on Saturday December 16, 2006 @11:46AM (#17268790) Homepage Journal
    Very interesting. At one time (back in the '30s I believe), it was a requirement that the applicant had to draw the complete schematic of his proposed station as part of the exam. However, to require that hams build all of their equipment would kill the service faster than the naysayers claim dropping the Morse exam will.

    Where would the new ham find the parts to build a radio? Many parts are already difficult to find. You say manufacturers would ramp up production? I doubt it as ham radio has a far smaller user base than Linux and look at the trouble we encounter with manufacturers supporting Linux on their hardware.

    While I think I understand your sentiment, it simply isn't practical. Ham radio today is about emergency communications more than anything else. Hams need reliable and agile equipment to fulfill that role. Nothing discourages hams from building their own gear (or modifying other equipment to work on the ham bands), and many still do either from scratch or by way of a kit. As with Morse Code it should not be a regulatory requirement.
  • by geminidomino ( 614729 ) * on Saturday December 16, 2006 @06:44PM (#17271990) Journal
    Section 97.117 of the Commission's Rules, 47 C.F.R. 97.117, stipulates that amateur station transmissions to a different country, where permitted, shall be in plain language and shall be limited to messages of a technical nature relating to tests, and to remarks of a personal character for which, by reason of their unimportance, recourse to the public telecommunications service is not justified.

    Jeez... is it just me or does that read like "The Telcos bought and paid for this rule to protect thier income streams?"

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