The World's 10 Dirtiest Cities 286
neever writes "You may already know about the pollution plight of Linfen, China. But how about the heavy metals Pittsburghers breathe in on a daily basis? Or the incomparable smog Milanesi put up with? PopSci has culled an eye-opening selection of some of the world's most problematic cities. From the painfully high cancer rates in Sumgayit, Azerbaijan to the acid rain destroying La Oroya, Peru, writer Jason Daley walks readers through the lowest of the low; and explains why, despite it all, there's still hope for these places."
Already slashdotted (Score:0, Insightful)
digg (Score:4, Insightful)
/. seems to be turning into digg with all these 'worlds #' topics...
Re:come on (Score:0, Insightful)
Why is that a -1 Flamebait ??
This is EXACTLY what lassise faire capitalism gets you.
As long as the execs are still ordering Jetstreams, who cares about a bunch of those little people dying in their droves.
Re:It doesn't have to be that way... (Score:5, Insightful)
The list please (Score:2, Insightful)
And the other thing, since most of the slashdotters are in North America unless they live in or near a hazardous city, they don't give a rat's ass. There are plenty of dirty communities here and they are disproportionately affect minorities.
Pollution (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:digg (Score:1, Insightful)
Re:Pollution (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:come on (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Pollution (Score:5, Insightful)
It works like this:
The main reason Coal is being used to produce electricity rather than say Nuclear, Wind Power and Solar is price. Coal is cheap. If you impose a carbon tax , however, forcing companies that emit a lot of CO2 to pay for it, then that will make electricity generation from coal more expensive, and thus hopefully cause electric utility companies to build nuclear power plants, wind turbines, and solar panels, instead.
The idea is that you integrate the environmental cost of pollution into the market system, thus forcing supliers to take environmental concerns into consideration when making business decisions. Now, while flat out taxation is one way to achieve this, it is very difficult to determine how much to charge for a given amount fo environmental damage, and this is where tradeable emission permits comes into play. Rather than taxing companies directly, what you do is you decide how much of a certain pollutant we can emit without causing major trouble, and then you auction it off to highest bidder. That way you force the market to adapt to a lower emission scenario, and the price adjusts itself according to normal market principles. With time you can then reduce the "acceptable" level of emissions as technology improves, periodically reducing the amount of pollution.
The catch is of course that this WILL have negative effects on other aspects of the economy. The important thing to realize is that this is not some new negative effect the government has created, it is a price that we were previously paying in terms of environmental damage. What tradeable permits do is to limit the extent to which manufacturers can impose that cost on everybody, and instead put it right down where it belongs , with the consumers that use goods and services that generate pollution during their production. Yes, I said consumers, not companies. Manufacturers will on pass the cost to the consumers, in the form of higher prices, and this will in turn reduce demand.
"Oh but you can tax as much as you want people still want to drive their cars... blah blah blah...". This is why you use tradeable permits rather than direct taxation. Tradeable permits outright forces the market to adapt meaning prices will increasethe UNTIL they are high enough that demand drops. When it comes to goods that people consume a lot regardless of price ( such as gasoline ) this trabnslates into a large price increase. When it comes to things you can eaisly replace with other things, the increase in price will be smaller.
The real problem is that the cost of CO2 is really really large. Emitting it causes major damage to the planet, curtailing it causes huge costs to the environment. There isn't an easy solution to this, which is why a number of peopel prefer sticking their head in the sand and deny the whole thing. I am seriously very sceptical to weather the necessary measures will be taken. People won't put up with a 3 fold increase in energy prices ( which is where wind power is relative to coal and nuclear ) so if we hope to get rid of coal it would appear that unless we get a sudden breakthrough in solar, only Nuclear has a chance to save us. Somewhat ironically, the most hardline environmentalist groups oppose it almost religiously, and thus it woudl appear we will be stuck with coal for a long time.
Re:Pollution (Score:3, Insightful)
Err... yes. "Pay to pollute" => pollution costs money => you can make a bigger profit by lowering costs, in the form of pollution => Profit! Oh, and Environmental Quality! Economics 101, hello?
That depends on the scheme. Some governments issue the certificates for free and let the industry trade amongst itself. The money then goes to whoever sells their certificates i.e. whoever pollutes the least. How much is polluted then depends primarily on how many certificates are issued.
Alternatively the goverment can sell the certificates. This isn't a bad idea, because that way the Gov't gets the money and can fund environmental cleanups (or minister junkets, whatever). Biggest problem is the fact that the government may set a too low or too high price.
You can get the benefits of both by having the government sell a fixed number of certificates (who gets to buy them is another issue) and letting the secondary market take care of the process of marginal cost/benefit equalisation. The issue price would have to be below the market equilibrium price, but with a bit of practice the government can figure it out.
Current practice in the EU, AFAIK, is Model 1: issue the the certificates, let the market trade. In the last few years there were far too many permits on the market, so that the costs for a ton of CO2 were somewhere around 0.26â, but this year it's around 20â, I think (haven't checked the market recently).
I don't know what the GP meant with his "two largest emerging world economy haven't signed the Kyoto protocol" statement: Brazil, China, and India have all ratified it.
Answers to the OP's further questions can be found in the Kyoto protocol itself:
Full Text [unfccc.int]
Layman's guide [mindprod.com]
Re:It doesn't have to be that way... (Score:1, Insightful)
Re:Pittsburgh for University..... (Score:1, Insightful)
Interesting, yes, but the forbes articles provides only a very vague definition of "clean," and they provide no explanation for the individual cities. With no definition it's hard to tell if the two articles are comparing the same issues.
For instance this story rates Pittsburgh poorly, but it also qualifies that with the fact that the city has turned away from its industrial past and much of the modern day air pollution may be blown in from elsewhere.
Given this information, both of the articles ratings could be correct. Pittsburgh could very well be one of the cleanest cities in that it no longer generates much pollution, but it could also be one of the dirtiest given that it has a long industrial history and continues to be cross-contaminated by neighbors. But in the end it's impossible to tell, there's just not enough meat in either article to really work with.
Re:Pittsburgh for University..... (Score:2, Insightful)
Don't worry, the article (PopSci) is self contradicting in the first place. On one page it says that 16 out of the 20 most polluted cities are in China, it then goes on to name 9 out of the top 10 which are somewhere other than China. Last time I checked 20 - 16 was 4 not 9. Of course maybe they are using the new math.
Within another 10 years, maybe sooner (Score:4, Insightful)
Pittsburgh's status (Score:1, Insightful)
I live less than an hour from Pittsburgh. A few years ago I worked there. 40 years ago it was a dirty city. 70 years ago they had to light the street lamps during the day. But things are much different now, especially when it comes to air pollution. All of the heavy manufacturing left long ago. The only reasons the city still has air quality alerts during the summer are because the EPA significantly lowered the allowable pollution thresholds a few years ago and they put the air quality sensors in brain-dead locations such as the one at the asphalt factory. Ya think the ozone will be high a few yards from an asphalt factory? Duh. It throws off the numbers for the whole city. The article mentioned that much of the current pollution is blowing in from Ohio (and West Virginia). Don't you think the sources of the current pollution would be more polluted than the down-stream recipient?
The Pittsburgh area does have pollution problems, but it is mostly in the form of contaminated soil around the old manufacturing sites. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of sites in the Northeast US where the old textile mills contaminated the soil to the same or much worse levels.
If Pittsburgh is one of the 10 dirtiest cities then the world is in really great shape. However, since I know a number of the other cities listed are 100x worse than Pittsburgh, I think the author just didn't do his homework.
Re:Bad air... (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Bad air... (Score:5, Insightful)
Tragedy of the commons (Score:4, Insightful)
And what do people complain about in these shit places? The environment? No! They complain about lack of money, about laws and other worthless shit.
Back few months ago, Bombay,India wanted to mandate *some* regulations that would require those shitty rickshaws to stop using kerosine mix crap for fuel. Never passed because of lobbying from the rickshaw drivers. I guess they don't give a shit if they die at 30 from lung cancer, but they do care if they have to pay *anything* to make their own environment cleaner.
This situation is the the everywhere. Kind of makes you think how shortsighted we think.
Re:come on (Score:3, Insightful)
I'm a libertarian capitalist. However, I think libertarianism breaks when it comes to protecting the environment. The way I see it, there are at least three reasons for it being so:
I don't know of any better alternatives though. Deregulated capitalism still seems to me to be the best system we got; but, even with my distrust of giving power to government, I've got no choice but to support regulation and taxation to prevent fuckers from destroying *my* planet.
Now if only I could figure out a way of making Americans giving up on SUVs...
Re:Tragedy of the commons (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Bad air... (Score:3, Insightful)
Sorry, it's a hangover from "Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the Earth" (Somewhere in Genesis)
Re:Bad air... (Score:3, Insightful)