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US Sentinel Drone Fooled Into Landing With GPS Spoofing 647

Posted by timothy
from the here-droney-droney-droney-droney dept.
McGruber writes "Following up on the earlier Slashdot story, the Christian Science Monitor now reports that GPS spoofing was used to get the RQ-170 Sentinel Drone to land in Iran. According to an Iranian engineer quoted in the article, 'By putting noise [jamming] on the communications, you force the bird into autopilot. This is where the bird loses its brain.' Apparently, once it loses its brain, the bird relies on GPS signals to get home. By spoofing GPS, Iranian engineers were able to get the drone to 'land on its own where we wanted it to, without having to crack the remote-control signals and communications.'"
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US Sentinel Drone Fooled Into Landing With GPS Spoofing

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  • by jandrese (485) <kensama@vt.edu> on Thursday December 15, 2011 @05:56PM (#38389482) Homepage Journal
    GPS is mostly unencrypted. There are some bits (the highest precision bits) that can be pseudo-encrypted so only the military has the most accurate positioning information available, but that obfuscation has been turned off for a number of years now. The GPS signal is too weak and low bitrate to make super secure. Drowning out GPS is relatively easy to do too, because the signal is so ridiculously weak to begin with.

    I wouldn't be surprised if the next generation drones (and revisions of the current gen) have more inertial navigation equipment that is trusted over GPS in cases where the GPS suddenly shifts position in flight. Inertial navigation won't get a bird home safely (the error bars get really really big over time), but it might let the thing fly away from the GPS jammer/spoofer.
  • by jandrese (485) <kensama@vt.edu> on Thursday December 15, 2011 @05:58PM (#38389530) Homepage Journal
    A movie-style self destruction system like you're imagining (effectively computer controlled bombs planted all over the device) are a lot more dangerous to the ground crew than is really acceptable for all but the most closely guarded secrets. Having the computers and crypto gear self-wipe in event of capture is already standard procedure and probably happened here, but having the thing go up in a giant fireball because some tech accidentally shorted something while working on the bird is just not acceptable.
  • Re:Why... (Score:4, Informative)

    by Andy Dodd (701) <atd7NO@SPAMcornell.edu> on Thursday December 15, 2011 @06:02PM (#38389600) Homepage

    Either that or the drone was considered low-value enough not to even merit having access to the P codes.

    If it didn't have P code access, chances are likely there isn't much of real value for the Iranian reverse engineers.

  • by Thagg (9904) <thadbeier@gmail.com> on Thursday December 15, 2011 @06:08PM (#38389728) Journal

    You don't have to crack the encryption. You can just record and playback the signals from the satellites, with appropriate time delays, at an intensity several orders of magnitude higher than the drone would receive the signals from the satellites.

  • by the_raptor (652941) on Thursday December 15, 2011 @06:34PM (#38390236)

    Of course, most non-idiots have known for some time that the CIA and Mossad have been in a state of undeclared war with Iran for several years now

    Several years? Try since the CIA overthrew the civilian government of Iran in 1953. And the Iranians haven't been sitting quietly and taking it like a victim. There is plenty of evidence that Iranian resources were being used to train and supply insurgents in Iraq and Palestine.

    Iran was innocent when the CIA first got involved but these days they are playing the game with the big boys and getting what they deserve (as is the CIA).

  • by the_enigma_1983 (742079) <enigma&strudel-hound,com> on Thursday December 15, 2011 @06:45PM (#38390398) Homepage

    10.

    If there was only 1 cheating husband, his wife would see no one else kicking someone out, so would kick on day 1.

    If there were 2, both their wives would only see one other cheating husband, but neither would see him get kicked out on day one and deduce that there must be 2 cheaters, and the second must be their husband.

    Repeat.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday December 15, 2011 @06:54PM (#38390554)

    http://puzzles.nigelcoldwell.co.uk/nine.htm

  • Re:The US Military (Score:4, Informative)

    by SoupGuru (723634) on Thursday December 15, 2011 @07:08PM (#38390736)

    Trillions of US dollars down the drain every year for military toys and invasions of other countries which pose absolutely no threat to the US, and for what?

    You answered your own question. War isn't a means to an end anymore. War is the end itself. Ike is rolling in his grave.

  • by ironjaw33 (1645357) on Thursday December 15, 2011 @07:15PM (#38390842)

    A compass and some accelerometers(or even a view of the sun and an RTC) are a lousy substitute for the accuracy of GPS; but they do provide a sanity check that could keep you going in approximately the right direction, at least enough to hard-land somewhere nominally friendly, if GPS cannot be trusted...

    It's almost certain that this drone DOES have an inertial navigation system - the problem is, how do you know when to use it? The way they usually work is that the navigation system computes two solutions: a hybrid GPS/INS solution to use most of the time, and a backup inertial-only solution. The inertial-only solution doesn't get used by the flight computers unless GPS is out entirely or there's some other very obvious problem. If you spoofed a GPS signal with real coordinates and slowly guided it away, how could the nav system see there's something wrong?

    Inertial navigation systems need reference points to prevent huge drifts over time. This is especially a problem if the aircraft flies relatively straight at the same speed for a long time -- accelerometers won't be able to detect slight changes in course. Like you said, GPS is often used to provide the reference points to attenuate drift. If the GPS system is wrong, then the inertial nav system is also going to be fooled.

  • by chicksdaddy (814965) on Thursday December 15, 2011 @07:21PM (#38390932)
    PublicIntelligence has a copy of an April, 2011 report identifying problems with drone communications including the risk of jamming and "lost link" events: http://publicintelligence.net/usaf-drones-in-irregular-warfare/ [publicintelligence.net]
  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday December 15, 2011 @07:28PM (#38391006)

    Why are you so gullible to believe that this story is factual or the Iran Engineer even works for the government and is not making it up? The loss of GPS is already anticipated in American aircraft and weaponry since the cold war. The Soviet Union routinely jammed GPS in areas like North Korea. Hell LightSquared jams GPS with a WiFI broadcast, its nothing new. That's why since the 80s missiles use terrain mapping to either continue to the target or leave the jamming area. Once GPS is lost planes and missiles can use TERCOM or INS how did the Iranians get by that?
    The tomahawk missile has been around since the 80s and has this tech.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LightSquared#Interference_issues

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_guidance

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomahawk_(missile)

  • by RicktheBrick (588466) on Thursday December 15, 2011 @07:55PM (#38391290)
    Lets say there are 10 women. If the stranger says there is at least one man cheating than if only one man was cheating, his wife would know this that night because she would know that the other 9 did not cheat and since there must be one it would have to be her husband so on the first night she would throw her husband out. Now lets say there were two cheating husbands. Now on the first night the two that have cheating husbands would know that 8 are not cheating and would only see 1 women that has a cheating husband. When that women did not throw out her husband on the first night, they both would know on the second night that their husband have cheated on them since if there were only one, that women would have kicked her husband out on the first night. The logic will continue so if it is the tenth day before any husband is kicked out there must be 10 of them.
  • Coke... (Score:5, Informative)

    by Grog6 (85859) on Thursday December 15, 2011 @07:58PM (#38391318)

    The old/new coke thing is when they phased in high fructose corn syrup instead of sugar.

    The delay gave everyone long enough to forget what it was supposed to taste like...

    Mexican coke still has sugar in it, and is best for mixed drinks. :)

    Asking for "Mexican Coke" at Kroger's can give unexpected results, lol.

  • Re:STUPID (Score:5, Informative)

    by sl3xd (111641) on Thursday December 15, 2011 @08:54PM (#38392020)

    The last time I can recollect in this level of folly in aeronautics was in pre Vietnam days where the US got itself into a high level theory that manned flight and guns were no longer needed. It could all be done with missiles.

    The theory wasn't entirely unsound. Nearly every air to air victory in the past decade has been via missile.

    The problem was that during Vietnam, as many as half of the missiles didn't even ignite - they just fell to the ground inert. Of those that lit, fewer than half did anything other than fly in a straight line. And even if you had one a missile whose engine lit, the guidance tracked, and it was near the target - it's all for nothing if the explosives don't detonate. Pilots often ripple-fired 4-6 missiles at once, in the hope that one would work.

    The reliability gained by almost 50 years of air to air missile development since Vietnam has changed the situation considerably.

    The US and the West in general have suffered a disaster of large proportion. The technology was circumvented, and is now sat in the enemies hands. Soon it will be sold on to the Chinese and Russians, and the billions spend in the core research handed over to the enemy states for just about zero.

    You're putting a lot of trust in a propaganda piece from a country with a perfectly reasonable score to settle. At this point, I'd say the Iranians are (and should be) playing the propaganda for all they can, espescially on the home front.

    If you look at propaganda from the past century, you'd notice that the pattern is similar: Make a claim that "your team" outsmarted the enemy, and that's the reason for an event. It's pure BS, but that doesn't mean it won't play well for your allies and at the homefront.

    These drones aren't purpose-designed to spy on low-tech countries. They're designed to be able to go into far more advanced countries (ie. Russia and China) that are more than capable of toying with GPS, and in fact, where altering and jamming GPS is expected.

    Electronic warfare is 70+ years old at this point, and the questionable reliability of radio signals (espescially in the face of jamming) are well known. Being able to complete your mission with massive radio jamming is a requirement for anything that flies for the US military, and has been for generations.

    We don't know whether the drone had inertial navigation or not - given the size and cost involved, there's no reason it shouldn't have inertial navigation - in fact, I find it hard to believe it doesn't use INS. US cruise and ballistic missiles use INS, as do warplanes - specifically because it's well-known that GPS can't be counted on.

    If the drone does have INS (as well as terrain mapping, or both which is what I suspect), it's extremely unlikely that the Iranian story has even a hint of truth to it.

    The paradoxical level of comedy that the Iranians just Stux'xxed a US drone out of the sky and onto their landing strips just makes the paradox a hilarious one.

    That’s why I dont' believe it. Were it less comedic, I'd have no trouble with the story.

    It's great political theatre, but it doesn't line up with what I know about the technologies involved. I've built robots for the military. While gimmicking GPS is doable, it's only a piece of the puzzle - and one that can be easily gamed. It makes for great propaganda, but it overlooks the other systems that have to be onboard for the thing to fly.

    Drones have multiple independent means of determining its location, because GPS can't be counted on in a full-on war; it's one of the first things to fall in electronic warfare. INS is cheap, has been used for decades, and still is used because it can't be messed with externally. Terrain mapping is relatively new, but is also cheap to implement, and one of the drone's missions is to scan the terrain (with millimeter band radar).

    So unless the Iranians somehow found a way to externally modify INS, as well as shift large-scale sections (at least a hundred square miles) geography of the region in real-time, the GPS story just doesn't hold up.

  • Re:The US Military (Score:4, Informative)

    by Cheech Wizard (698728) on Thursday December 15, 2011 @11:43PM (#38393610)
    I fully agree. Just as it was in latter day Rome, the US's biggest "employer" is the military and its support functions.
  • by Muros (1167213) on Friday December 16, 2011 @04:07AM (#38394920)
    How do you explain away Jews living inside Arab countries if that is in fact the truth? In the specific case of Iran, which as it happens is Aryan, not Arab, the Jewish faith, along with Christianity and Zoroastrian, is state protected. I'd rather be Jewish than Hindu or Bahá'í if I lived in Iran.
  • Utter Garbage (Score:4, Informative)

    by Hasai (131313) on Friday December 16, 2011 @02:37PM (#38401002)
    It's amazing how little a grasp of basic engineering, or even common sense, your typical journalist has, or any other people who actually believe this bunk.

    1) How does one "jam" a tight-beam satellite uplink? Electronic Warfare has been around for just as long as there has been radios on the battlefield, and people actually think that the possibility of jamming didn't occur to the craft's designers?
    2) Jamming GPS, however, *can* be done; you just have to be louder than the broadcast signal. HOWEVER, see the first item. The possibility never occurred to the designers?
    3) In order to "spoof" a GPS to such a precise degree as to make the aircraft land would require the Iranians to know the precise location (within a meter or two) of the craft in relationship to the terrain below it. A stealthed aircraft that even American systems have difficulty detecting, mind you. Otherwise, drone goes SPLAT.
    4) Even assuming a miracle happens and 3) is actually accomplished, the aircraft is now scooting along the ground at several hundred miles per hour. How do you tell the craft to shut down its engine? Better yet, how do you get it to drop its landing gear?

    So; after all this, let's play a bit of Occam's Razor: The drone suffered a major malfunction and splattered itself across the face of a mountain somewhere. The Iranians, in the hopes of deterring the Americans from sending more drones, cook up this cock-and-bull story of being able to bring the drones down intact. Their "proof" is a fiberglass model put together from released photos and media footage (Oh, look! The landing gear just *happens* to be concealed! Possibly because the Iranians don't know what it's supposed to look like?).

    Now; doesn't this sound just a little bit more plausible?

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