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The Almighty Buck

The Vicious Circle That Is Sending Rents Spiraling Higher 940

jones_supa writes: Skyrocketing rents and multiple roommates — these are the kinds of war stories you expect to hear in space-constrained cities such as New York and San Francisco. But the rental crunch has been steadily creeping inland from coastal cities and up the economic ladder. Bloomberg takes a look at the vicious cycle that keeps rents spiraling higher. People paying high rents have a harder time saving for a down payment, preventing tenants from exiting the rental market. Low vacancy rates let landlords raise rents still higher. Developers who know they can command high rents (and sales prices) are spurred to spend more to acquire developable land. Finally, higher land costs can force builders to target the higher end of the market. The interesting question is how long can this last before we reach a level that is not affordable to the majority of the demographic that is being serviced.
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The Vicious Circle That Is Sending Rents Spiraling Higher

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  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:27PM (#49981253)

    And I have the cheapest rent on a two-bedroom apartment in a 20 mile radius. I couldn't save for a down payment if I tried. Colorado's average vacancy rate is less than 5%. What is the market doing in response to this? Multi-state property management companies are buying up everything on the market. You can list your property and expect a solid offer at above-market pricing within 48 hours. Rental listings last for mere hours. Developers are building new apartments as fast as they can--luxury apartments that charge higher than market rates, further inflating the market.

    • by uncqual ( 836337 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:50PM (#49981389)

      luxury apartments that charge higher than market rates

      If they are renting them, they must not be getting higher than market rent - market rent is what something will rent for.

    • by ArmoredDragon ( 3450605 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:57PM (#49981425)

      I'm spending 60% of my monthly income on rent

      They actually let you do that? I'm about to rent a luxury apartment (resort style, costs about $1100 a month, has gym, two large pools, tons of other amenities) and one of their requirements is that your income has to be at least 3 times what the rent costs. This is my first time renting though, so I don't know what the norm is.

      • Landlords are businesses. Most don't do an income test before letting someone rent anymore then Apple or Sprint do. The ones that do are mostly doing it because it's a legal way to keep the riff-raff from moving in and ruining your building's NPR-listening vibe with a bunch of twangy country or loud-ass hip-hop.

        60% is high, and I suspect the OP either has a really shitty-job (part-timers here in Cleveland making $10k pretty are either living with mom or paying 60% a month in rent), he refuses to live any pl

        • by Jeremi ( 14640 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @10:26PM (#49982627) Homepage

          The ones that do are mostly doing it because it's a legal way to keep the riff-raff from moving in and ruining your building's NPR-listening vibe with a bunch of twangy country or loud-ass hip-hop.

          That's a bit uncharitable. Landlords do credit checks because if a tenant cannot (or does not) pay his rent, the landlord stands to lose thousands of dollars. It can take months to get a non-paying tenant evicted, during which time the landlord still has to make all mortgage payments, entirely out of his own pocket. Furthermore, serving a tenant with an eviction notice is no fun for either party, and a pissed-off tenant may well cause thousands of dollars of damage to the landlord's property before he leaves -- again, money that the landlord will have to pay out of his own pocket before he can put the unit back on the market.

          So yes, there are really good reasons why a landlord would want to vet a potential tenant thoroughly before giving them the keys to the property. The landlord is taking a big risk every time he/she rents out a unit.

    • Developers are building new apartments as fast as they can--luxury apartments that charge higher than market rates, further inflating the market.

      This is the core control. Yes, they're building luxury apartments, but that's a bit like selling new cars. Somebody moving into said luxury apartment is probably moving out of a less luxury apartment, which frees said apartment for less-well off types.

      "As fast as they can" means that, sooner or later, they'll catch up, occupancy rates will drop a bit, and prices will stabilize and probably drop.

      Oh, and 'solid offer at above-market pricing' is something of a misnomer - if you can consistently sell places f

    • by Copid ( 137416 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @10:11PM (#49982555)

      Developers are building new apartments as fast as they can--luxury apartments that charge higher than market rates, further inflating the market.

      The additional luxury apartments create downward pressure on prices, not upward pressure. It's the demand for apartments in general that drives up the prices. If they weren't building the luxury apartments, the people who wanted those luxury apartments would likely just outbid less rich people for less luxurious apartments.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:28PM (#49981255)

    I have a condo I rent out. Laws in California make it almost impossible to get rid of bad tenants. I go out of my way to find good tenants and then I go out of my way to keep them. I have not raised the rent on my current family for 5 years now. I charge $1400 and the condo next door is renting for $1900. Of course, I am not in it to make money. I am in it to break even and sell in 10 years when my boy goes to college. Gotta keep the place nice to sell well.

    • Where I agree, having good tenants that don't tear up the place is great, I got to point out that it might not be worth it in the long run to be that far under market.

      $500/month is $6K per year, and in 15 years that's $90K which could pay for 4 years of college at a LOT of pretty good schools at today's prices, and you don't have to sell the condo to do that. I'm no investment adviser, but I don't think leaving 1/4th of your possible profit on the table is a good idea.

      If I was you, I'd seriously think a

    • by Moof123 ( 1292134 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @08:16PM (#49981973)

      Just a suggestion, you should always raise the rent every year, even if it just a percent or two. The family there now will now have the expectation of the rent not going up, and it will make things really awkward when you do decide to raise the rent down the way.

      • by blind biker ( 1066130 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @11:12PM (#49982851) Journal

        I've been a tenant for many years. Then I finally bought my own apartment, and now I own a second apartment that I am renting out. The main reason I decided to buy an apartment was the constant increase in rent, year after year. At some point it just triggered my "fuck this shit" mode and I went all in, took a debt just to get out of this spiral.

        So, at least for some people, the rent increase may backfire.

  • sigh... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by sribe ( 304414 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:29PM (#49981267)

    The interesting question is how long can this last before we reach a level that is not affordable to the majority of the demographic that is being serviced.

    Care to guess what happens at that point? New construction doesn't sell, developers go bankrupt, new construction is sold at auction for lower prices. Then the new units available at lower prices push down prices of other housing, which makes purchase more affordable, which results in renters buying, which curbs rent prices.

    No matter what part of the cycle you're in, no matter what part of the country, one thing can be counted to be constant: idiots proclaiming that the current trend is the new reality and will last forever!

    • Re:sigh... (Score:5, Funny)

      by MightyMartian ( 840721 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:41PM (#49981327) Journal

      I'm an idiot proclaiming the current rend is the new reality, you insensitive clod!

    • Re:sigh... (Score:5, Insightful)

      by drinkypoo ( 153816 ) <drink@hyperlogos.org> on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:49PM (#49981383) Homepage Journal

      Care to guess what happens at that point? New construction doesn't sell, developers go bankrupt, new construction is sold at auction for lower prices.

      Here's the problem with that idea: the "new" construction often sits around unoccupied for years while the bank makes up its mind to sell it. Even if it doesn't get stripped of fixtures, wiring, plumbing, and whatnot, in many climates it's still likely to mold. The banks already own literally multiple homes for every homeless man, woman, and child in the USA, and are refusing to sell them at a market rate — i.e. what the market will bear. Instead, they'd rather see them rot.

      When are these market forces you're counting on going to kick in? The banks are losing money daily on depreciation.

      • Re:sigh... (Score:5, Insightful)

        by Shadow of Eternity ( 795165 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:00PM (#49981449)

        And since they know they can get a bailout from the government they don't care.

        • Re:sigh... (Score:5, Insightful)

          by amiga3D ( 567632 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:38PM (#49981713)

          And that's the wrench in the cogs of a free market. When you prop up companies and banks that "are too big to fail" it's not really a free market. If the dickheads would have let the banks collapse like they were supposed to then after a few years of pain everything would have corrected. Instead they propped the losers up and kept all that wealth from spreading back out. Why did GM get to survive as a reward for fucking up for the last two decades while Ford, who had their shit at least partially together basically gets to compete now with a government subsidized corporation? For a free market to be free companies have to be free to fail.

    • Re:sigh... (Score:5, Interesting)

      by AK Marc ( 707885 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:19PM (#49981575)
      And the reality is that they are right. The trend has never reversed. Housing prices drop on a short-term, but it always goes back up. The only exception I can think of is West Texas desert wasteland. In the early '80s, it was selling for insane amounts, with people expecting every inch of TX to hold oil. When the real-estate bust happened (leading to the S&L scandal, exactly the same as the most recent housing bust), and the prices dropped, and the verified worthless land that was speculated on was worth nothing. And mostly still is. But, aside from a few "local" exceptions of purely speculative behavior, the losses are short. My houses got back to pre-bust levels after about 3 years. Yes, the short-term speculators lost money, but people living in houses never lost anything, and are back above the peaks, in most cases.

      So long as people procreate, land will only go up in value. I make more owning a house that's appreciating, than working a job that puts me in the top 10% of wage earners. Buy all you can, hold it, and rent seek. It's the most direct path to wealth for anyone not born rich.
    • Re:sigh... (Score:5, Informative)

      by Beeftopia ( 1846720 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:24PM (#49981619)

      The interesting question is how long can this last before we reach a level that is not affordable to the majority of the demographic that is being serviced.

      Care to guess what happens at that point? New construction doesn't sell, developers go bankrupt, new construction is sold at auction for lower prices. Then the new units available at lower prices push down prices of other housing, which makes purchase more affordable, which results in renters buying, which curbs rent prices.

      Unless of course, large financial companies and well-connected donors are threatened by that circumstance.

      Then, the central bank will step in, through its many channels, to put a floor under rental prices ("So I think if we spent enough money, got enough of a hit right now, it would look like a floor on house prices, and we might have something every bit as good as a floor on house prices." [wsj.com]). The multiple government housing agencies (Fannie, Freddie, FHA, VA [va.gov], USDA [usda.gov], etc) can also step in to influence the rental market, as they did the housing market.

      Blackstone is a company securitizing rental flows and selling them [aljazeera.com]. They are the largest private equity company in the world ("By both profit measures, the first quarter set quarterly records for Blackstone, the world’s largest private-equity firm" [wsj.com]).

      The former head of the US central bank, Bernanke, is now employed by Citadel, a massive hedge fund. [bloomberg.com]

      My point is simply this: house prices did not revert to historical norms [ritholtz.com] because of the big players - donors - that would have been deleteriously impacted by it. With big players moving into the rental market, if something went wrong with their business plan, don't expect them not to use their clout to get the government and central bank to do something about it.

    • Re:sigh... (Score:4, Interesting)

      by Kjella ( 173770 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:29PM (#49981657) Homepage

      And this is why we have boom-bust economics, we turn ripples in the water into huge waves. What's more there's really no underlying economic change, it flips when the rest of the market decide it's a flip. For example I remember one big investor who went broke on betting that the dotcom bubble would burst. Why? He was too early, the bubble just kept soaring and he couldn't hold his positions until it peaked. He was right about the underlying economics but as long as people kept believing the bubble kept growing.

      These positive feedback loops can turn a relatively small change into a huge one, if you pay higher prices you want higher wages and the store pays higher wages it'll raise prices. You don't see a lot of them in microeconomics where your own actions don't change your own conditions much, but social economics is full of them. Greece for example is caught in a bad spiral now, when they cut spending they weaken the economy leading to less taxes leading to even greater needs for cuts. There's often no easy outs because the market is counteracting your actions, like swimming in quicksand.

  • by YesIAmAScript ( 886271 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:34PM (#49981293)

    Rent control makes it harder to make money offering an apartment for rent (or at least not as much as you can get by selling it out). So owners are incentivized to take housing off the rental market and sell it instead.

    Sure, they try to make that harder too. But the owner can always kick tenants out to move in himself/herself. And so that's what's happening now. Owner kicks out tenants to occupy it. Then they later can sell it.

    And they can even AirBNB it while "occupying" it.

  • by Loki_1929 ( 550940 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:35PM (#49981295) Journal

    The problem is that we spent so long subsidizing the demand side that the supply for housing is hopelessly outpaced. The prices have skyrocketed over the past 15 years to the point where first-time buyers are largely priced out of the market. Want to drive home ownership in a sustainable way? Drive it at the supply side. That means subsidizing the whole supply chain, from land to materials to labor. Drive a massive swell of building to bring supply well above demand and watch as homeownership rates rise quickly but sustainably even as market speculators (who really just drive up prices further) get crushed under the weight of falling home prices.

    Handing everyone a blank check to buy whatever they like (regardless of whether they can afford it) is the same thing we've done in the education market. The results are the same: prices soar and anyone who isn't willing to mortgage their immortal soul has little chance of getting what they're after (but on the bright side, we've made the immortal soul mortgaging a quick and simple process!) Having a higher supply than demand ensures prices drop to the point where someone other than the top 10% of the country can actually afford to live here. Steady or slightly falling prices encourages people who actually want to own a home (rather than simply investing in real estate for the sake of cashing in on a boom) to take that next step to do so. We need house prices to drop by 50 - 75% in most major markets. It'll create a much healthier, robust framework in the long run, regardless of how much hand-wringing takes place in the short to mid term.

    • The more means of abstraction to the service required, the more you're handing things to the middlemen. We don't want to cut checks to let everyone buy without price controls, otherwise the market will respond as if everyone's richer and just price accordingly. If you do price controls, that's extra regulation and besides the point.

      What ought to be happening is a new homestead act; there are far more foreclosed buildings held by crooked banks than homeless people. Seems to me they should be dissolved, an

    • We only need to "subsidize the supply side" by getting out of the way. Building in major metropolitan areas has become such a complex and expensive process that planning, zoning, and code often accounts for at least as much of a building as the land and the building itself.

    • Um...no (Score:4, Insightful)

      by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @10:24PM (#49982623)
      God I'm sick of folks trying to fit the supply/demand crap they learned in High School into the real world. The problem is _real_ simple:

      1. Real Wages have been falling for 40 years, to the point where wages for many jobs are what they were 20 years ago after 20 years of inflation. Outsourcing + lack of protectionism and free trade nonsense did this.

      2. Capital has concentrated into the hands of a lucky few (the "1%" as they're called) and they have no incentive to build more houses when they're making obscene profits off the existing supply.

      Said it before, say it again: Globalism _breaks_ capitalism. All your left with is oligarchy and kleptocracy.
  • by gb7djk ( 857694 ) * on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:37PM (#49981311) Homepage
    The answer to your question is that it can probably go a lot further than you think. Where is the incentive to build more houses when, by delaying or targeting more lucrative customers, you get more money for doing no extra work? No property company nor, crucially, any home owner will buck the market by selling cheap. There are no votes for municipalities in building enough houses which could then stabilise prices - made worse (in the US) by the likelihood of them being sued by anyone that thought they would lose out.

    Welcome to a small taste of the "housing boom" in South East of England. If our experience is anything to go by, you have a very long way to go yet.
  • by diamondmagic ( 877411 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:41PM (#49981325) Homepage

    This reads like a common economic trope: A journalist (presumably not an economist) observes that A has a positive effect on B, and B has a positive effect back on A. They then proceed to assume that both A and B will "spiral out of control" into infinity, as if the only kind of effect is a proportional effect, and as if the only kind of feedback loop is a positive feedback loop.

    Well as it turns out, there's a such a thing as a negative feedback loop. In fact, that's how markets work; there's this law called the law of declining marginal utility. In most cases, given the nature of geometric sums, there's a total, maximum amount of utility that a single good can ever give you, ever, no matter how much you buy.

    Let's take a look at the author's argument:

    1. People paying high rents have a harder time saving for a down payment, preventing tenants from exiting the rental market.

    People paying high rents are, presumably, living in an area with high demand, further suggesting that they have a much better ability to pay for housing than the average person as it is; they just choose to live in a high-rent place because it's more beneficial than an average city or neighberhood.

    2. Low vacancy rates let landlords raise rents still higher.

    There's no special correlation between prices and liquidity; there's a better correlation between how "hot" or bubble-like a market is, though. Volume isn't the same as price.

    3. Developers who know they can command high rents (and sales prices) are spurred to spend more to acquire developable land.

    This is a downward force on prices. See also, the Law of Supply: higher prices creates more supply, or at least forces people to use the resources more effectively. Software developers don't need a huge living area, at least not compared to (at the extreme end) farms. In contrast to farms, which can go pretty much anywhere there's halfway decent land. As a result, people (in expanding cities, for example) tend to buy out farms, not the other way around.

    This may seem obvious, but knowing it explicitly is a crucial component of knowing how resources are efficiently allocated. It doesn't even matter how resources are initially allocated, if we mixed everything up and assuming low transaction costs (something not typically present in housing markets, though), then people will trade with each other back to the optimum allocations.

    4. Higher land costs can force builders to target the higher end of the market.

    No, there's this thing called the law of supply and demand. Rates are set based on what the market as a whole is able to bear - where the supply and demand curves meet. And if San Francisco can find 50k buyers for 50k $10/sqft (or whatever) rentals, then that's the market price (a simplified argument, of course, but hopefully still an accurate one).

  • Higher Deposits (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Justin Bodeutsch ( 2994975 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:41PM (#49981333)
    I've often wondered if a common practice in Asia could work here. I've seen in Japan and South Korea apartments charing $10,000 - $30,000 for a deposit. The monthly rent is much lower. Once you pay off your deposit loan, you then either get to enjoy cheaper rent or you can purchase a home with the money you've saved up. My sister lived in South Korea for a few years and came home with a ton of money saved up and was able to buy a condo for cash. All while getting a pretty modest paycheck. I don't know if it's laws there requiring this or if it's laws here preventing it or just a cultural thing but I'd love to see that happening here.
    • Re:Higher Deposits (Score:4, Insightful)

      by bobbied ( 2522392 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:57PM (#49981823)
      Just do it on your own.... Rent a place that is below what you can comfortably pay, get a roommate etc. Bank the excess. It's call saving for a down payment. Problem is that most 20 somethings are not disciplined enough to keep from spending their nest egg on useless junk, cell phones, flashy cars and the like. Well that and huge unnecessary student loans...
  • Comment removed (Score:5, Interesting)

    by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:48PM (#49981375)
    Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • This, exactly this.

      Governments everywhere are printing money hand over fist and giving it to the banks to lend out (which they love).
      This keeps people with mortgages happy (a lot of voters) as interest rates stay low.
      This erodes the savings of anyone who dares not spend spend spend, which makes retailers and 'investment' sellers happy.
      This forces savers money into the 'economy' to help subsidise everyones sins of excess.

      This, however cannot last. It is highly inflationary (every wondered why there is not th

  • by CanadianMacFan ( 1900244 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:50PM (#49981397)

    At least around here there doesn't seem to be anyone building apartments anymore. Builders are putting up lots of condos and selling them. It probably lets them get their money back fairly quickly compared to renting out the units. Some people are buying individual units in these buildings and renting them out but the supply of apartments has remained fairly constant for the past couple of decades. I can't remember a large building going up for rental units in that time but can think of at least five being constructed for condos right now in just the parts of town that I frequent.

  • By design (Score:4, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @06:53PM (#49981417)

    Here in California, this is by design. California creates fewer new housing units than demanded and has for decades. I was taught as a child that the only way to manage this is to live beneath your means when young (rent a SMALL place) so you can save for the down payment to get in on the crazy value ride. Leverage the HUD and you only need 5%. It's definitely boom and bust, but overall the housing market here rises much faster than elsewhere because we simply have more demand than capacity, and the politicians generally like it that way, so it's pretty much the norm.

  • by mi ( 197448 ) <slashdot-2017q4@virtual-estates.net> on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:04PM (#49981483) Homepage Journal

    This is how it happens:

    • The unhappy complain [rentistoodamnhigh.org]
    • The government, pressed to do something, does something. Whatever they do, it is always against the landlords and/or builders — who are a minority. As a result, rents on existing and/or costs of building new apartments rises
    • The unhappy complain
    • (There is no PROFIT — except for the politicians in power.)

    It was not always so — the problem in NYC, for example, started during the WW2, when rent control was introduced as a temporary measure to protect families of servicemen from rent-increases. 70 years later, the program still exists and the rent-controlled units are subsidized by other tenants of the same building. Like lottery-winners, only participation in lottery is voluntary...

    Before dismissing this post as "a troll", observe, that the problem is highest in the Left-controlled cities: San Francisco, NYC says TFA. I may add Boston based on personal experience... Meanwhile, in Houston, TX [rent.com] or Atlanta, GA [rent.com], for example, the prices seem about half as much as in San Francisco, CA [rent.com].

    • by belthize ( 990217 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:14PM (#49981539)

      I don't think it's as simple as rent control, it's property value and population density. For example:

      San Francisco, median income $81K, median house cost $900K (according to Forbes), population density 17K/sq mi (20th in country)
      Houston, median income $60K, median house cost $180K (according to Forbes), population density 3.5K/sq mile. (88th in country).

      Property costs substantially more in San Francisco because there's nearly 5 times the demand per square mile. Similar factors hold true for Boston, New York and other densely populated areas.

  • by Cacadril ( 866218 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:13PM (#49981531)
    This alleged vicious circle is partially wrong. The rents are driven by the property prices, which are driven by the interest rates. The lower the interest rates, the cheaper the mortgages, the easier it is to afford a property. But the number of properties does not rise, so then the prices of the properties rise instead. But this will slowly pull you out of the recession. While the recession increases the ratio of renters, the rich always have enough money to participate in the game, and at low interests and low wages (due to the recession) they will start building more houses and become landlords. This will employ construction workers and start a cycle of economic expansion. Rents will come down, salaries will go up, and more people will afford a down payment and abandon the rent market, further lowering the rent levels. But increased activity combined with high property prices will set inflation in motion, driving up the interest rates. Rising interest rates will destroy the finances of the most precarious borrowers leading to series of crises and busts along the road.
  • by An dochasac ( 591582 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:15PM (#49981549)

    An Irish language documentary broke the news on the US Mortgage Backed Security driven property bubble back in 2005 so why doesn't it surprise me that another foreign news source is the first to piss off US real-estate corporations and reveal that rental backed securities [aljazeera.com] are also teetering on the brink of disaster? Here we go again, another replay of tulip madness. In the words of Yogi Berra, it's Deja-vu all over again. [wikipedia.org]

    The real problem is that boom-bust cycles driven by loose monetary policy (whether it be Reagan's trickle down or Greenspan's helicopter drops) help those with deep pockets. Playing with matches around the global economic gas-tank eventually causes an explosion and as John Maynard Keynes put it, "Markets can remain irrational longer than you can remain solvent." (unless you happen to be a corporate slumlord.) [salon.com]

  • by NostalgiaForInfinity ( 4001831 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:16PM (#49981551)

    Rents in SF are high not because of anything developers are doing but because it's a desirable place to live for many people, and many people are willing and able to pay high rents. It's desirable, not just because of its location and natural beauty, but because its infrastructure is highly subsidized by government.

    If it's too expensive for you, don't live there; it's a simple as that.

  • A Catch-22 (Score:5, Informative)

    by ravenscar ( 1662985 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:19PM (#49981581)

    I'll note that, for years, I worked on developing new financial products sold to mortgage lenders (post crisis). I've spent a fair amount of time studying trends in US housing prices. I'm not well versed on other countries so my comments are US-centric. I've left this VERY high level, but wanted to note a few concepts and why they answers aren't super easy.

    There are a few fundamental flaws in the mortgage system today. The first is that banks generally don't lend their own money (almost all mortgage money in the market comes through government sponsored entities like Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae). Well technically, it is their money, but realistically, the loans are purchased so quickly by the GSEs that it might as well not be their money. On top of this, the banks receive money from the GSEs for every loan they sell on to the GSEs. In short, the banks are incentivized to make loans.

    Second, both the government and the the Federal Reserve seem to want a higher rate of home ownership by Americans. The Fed helps encourage this by keeping rates low (and buying huge amounts of mortgage backed securities from the GSEs). The GSEs encourage it by making loans more accessible (lower down payments, lower credit scores, higher debt-to-income ratios, etc.). The banks like this strategy because it allows them to make lots of new home loans (so they make lots of money with almost no risk) and every time rates drop they get to process lots of refinances (so they make lots of money with almost no risk). It's all good right? I mean, the banks are making lots of money.

    Here's the problem: When money is easily available it creates more potential home buyers. When money is cheaper, it increases what people can afford (your $2000 per month payment now covers a 400k loan instead of a 350k loan). This is still good though right? More home for the same money?

    Well, more people with more money means that demand for homes increases and, with it, home prices. Khan academy had an amazing set of videos that illustrated the home price bubble, but I can't find them. In summary, the number of homes available for purchase compared to the number of people has remained relatively constant since the 40's - even when adjusted for growth areas (things balance out in the growth areas over time). Home prices, however, have increased dramatically - especially as a percentage of total income. When did this star happening? When money became more accessible. Still good though right!?! I mean, now existing homeowners can sell their homes at a huge profit and people can get into those homes.

    Ah, but there's a catch. While average income (inflation adjusted) has remained level and even trended down, home prices have sky rocketed. Eventually, even with low interest loans available, house prices reach a level where purchasing them puts people out of an acceptable debt-to-income ratio. Home prices can't go up to the point where people are spending more than 70% of their income on housing (as an example - this isn't a benchmark number or anything). Things hit a point where new buyers aren't buying anymore. That starts a chain reaction that leads to the bursting of the housing price bubble.

    One way to fix this would be to make money harder to get and more expensive to get. It would have an initial downward push on prices, that would eventually level out. It would also stop the major price inflation. Why? Let's say we require a 10% down payment. Suddenly, a bunch of potential buyers are shut out of the market. Home prices stagnate. The responsible buyers (and those who advance in their career) eventually save up the 10% and can get into the market. They're actually able to save the 10% now because the house prices are stagnant and 10% is no longer a moving number. In the mid 2000', house prices were going up faster than people could save. Prices inflate, but the barrier to entry keeps them from going on a roller coaster. Banks, however, hate this because they lose out on all that sweet

    • by Copid ( 137416 )
      The first easy step would be to announce that the mortgage interest tax deduction will go away, reduced by 5% every year for the next 20 years. That's one that creates bizarre incentives and is basically just a transfer from taxpayers to banks. Tightening up the rules for the GSEs would definitely help. One idea that I particularly liked is to ensure that anybody selling a loan to the GSEs would have to keep a small percentage of it on its own books.
  • SF Bay Area (Score:5, Interesting)

    by floobedy ( 3470583 ) on Wednesday June 24, 2015 @07:54PM (#49981799)

    I've lived in the San Francisco area almost my entire life. In the SF area, the vicious cycle works like this:

    1. Some progressive people live in an urban area, and they decide that they cannot stand urban areas, urban development, or tall buildings. They protest any construction, relentlessly, for decades. Any time anybody tries to build anything, the result is protests, lawsuits, and so on. This has been going on since about 1980. As a result, there was almost no housing development in this area for 3 decades despite steadily increasing population and prices. Granted, some construction started about 4 years ago, but it's WAY too late and not nearly enough. (Apparently, the same thing is happening in New York. The most preposterous example of this is people who've moved to Manhattan and decided that they can't stand tall buildings in Manhattan because tall buildings cast shadows [nytimes.com]).

    2. When rents increase, those people who prevented housing construction decide to blame Google, blame Yahoo, and so on, not blame themselves. Remarkably, they start protesting the construction of housing again. I live in Oakland (just east of SF) and there have been protests against building new housing on EMPTY LOTS, during a housing shortage of critical proportions. People show up and start chanting "we want development without displacement!", as if displacement was caused by too much housing.

    Recently I walked around the area south of market st, and saw that typical rents for a 1 bedroom are $6000-$7000 per month, and it's not a luxury area at all. Oakland is getting bad too, but not that bad yet. As a result, the progressive faction has now erupted into a fit of hysterical rage and they vomit on buses which transport tech workers to work.

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