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How Will The DMCA Be Implemented? 141

bl968 writes "Wired has an excellent article entitled "Fear of a Pay-Per-Use World" on the upcoming Librarian of Congress decision on granting exceptions to the DMCA anti circumvention provisions. The DMCA, which was enacted in 1998, bans the circumvision of technical protection measures like encryption systems and other methods designed to prevent access to copyrighted works. When the DMCA was passed it contained, a delay to the date the anti-circumvention provisions take effect. This delay is about up and your comments are needed"
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How Will The DMCA Be Implemented?

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  • Just in case you're really not a troll, it's "I Am Not A Lawyer"
  • The main issue here is the removal of rights people have had for decades, not the ability to steal. The DMCA won't, and is not intended to, make it harder to break copyright. What it is designed to do is to increase the scope of copyright to a level whereby the consumer will no longer own any material they buy. They will not be allowed to make compilation tapes for the car/walkman from their CD collection. They will not be (and are not) allowed to watch their DVD's unless they pay an extra cut to a cartel of DVD makers (ie the ones they already paid for the material on the DVD). Books would, if exceptions are not made, no longer be available for library loans. etc. etc. etc.

    Copyright theives will always exist (and fuck 'em) but I'm not one just because I want to watch a DVD which I bought legally on my own computer.

    If you can't understand the debate shut up.

    TWW

  • It is not at all clear that non-commercial copying is illegal. Non commercial copying was made explicitly legal (nevermind the Constitutional argument about non-enumerated rights). Which makes the DMCA doubly sneaky as an end run around fair use without directly trying to repeal it.

    Hopefully backlash on the copyright clause abuse of the DMCA and Sonny Bono law will sink all the stupid laws that abuse the commerce clause, too.

  • Do me a favor and STFU. There is nothing wrong with ripping, there is something wrong with DLing it w/o intention of purchasing it. i own a DVD player and use Windows (dont hurt me :).) And i stll rip MY DVDs and copress them to DivX for sole purpose of me not needing to switch cds unless i absoultely need a special feature. The only reason the legal crap even comes along is when those MPAA/RIAA bastards get on that power trip and want you to buy 2 copies to have them in different places instead of making a copy urself and people who support "media control" like urself support them. The people are always saying "If you break it, you bought it." Well if i buy it i will break\rip\crack it.
  • by Cramer ( 69040 )
    No, what I'm saying is when any nut can walk into Walmart and purchase all the things he needs to go home and begin "ripping" DVD's you have a problem. We currently have this situation with audio CDs and data CDs -- data CDs are harder as one can get away with some Evil Tricks(tm) that cannot be done to an audio CD.

    The point is, most people don't have access to the hardware and supplies necessary to make a true duplicate of a DVD-ROM with CSS and all that crap intact. What people do is transcode the DVD MPEG-2 data into MPEG-4 (DivX) or MPEG-1 (VCD) losing alot in the process.

    As for "people"... DVD CCA is doing a good job so far. How many people have DVD drives that ignore region encoding? Very few. And after Jan-01-2000, no one makes non-RPC2 "region locked" drives. I know of at least one company that recalled every non-RPC2 drive not in consumer hands. How many people have DVD drives that ignore the whole CSS authentication and key exchange bull? Absolutely NONE. The physical format standard for DVD is publically available so you're welcome to start production of your own DVD drives. You would certainly be sued before your design ever got out of OrCAD.
  • The Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act [everything2.com] exploits a loophole in the Constitution that makes "the lifetime of the Universe" a valid value for "limited times" in the copyright clause. It's all part of the slippery slope [everything2.com] to make copyright [everything2.com] perpetual [everything2.com]. This must be stopped; click here to help [harvard.edu].
    <O
    ( \
    XPlay Tetris On Drugs [8m.com]!
  • Well, that's the whole debate. The simple XOR-encryption is supposed to be the technical measure. The problem is that the DMCA does not thoroughly define what consitutes a technical measure, and so we have the currently problem.
    --
  • I created a device, using my knowledge of how CSS supposidly works. Am I guilty of circumventing copyright measures to the disk?

    Yes, sortof. (See below)

    My device functions the same way as all the other "licenced" players. How could I be guilty of "circumventing" copyright measures?

    Because the DMCA does strike against circumventing copyright control measures, it strikes more broadly: at anything that is "unauthorized" to access the contents. The word access here is very important. The DMCA does not criminalize devices which can be used to steal, it crimilizes devices which can be used for unauthorized access.

  • Maybe I should have asked a slightly different question. What is the copyright material (whether protected or not) to which you gain access my using a hardware device in a manner or for a purpose which the manufacturer did not forsee?
  • While at the time the lawsuits were filed DeCSS was still legal for the authors to create and use, the problem is that it is "illegal" to distribute circumvention tools, and that provision didn't have a delay on it. The MPAA didn't go after Johanson or 2600 et al for using DeCSS, they went after them for distributing it.

    If you look at the last paragraph in this article they mention this problem, that even if broad exceptions are granted for circumventing content locks, it's still illegal to hand out the code to do so. Sucks huh?

  • My biggest concern with the DMCA is duration of copyright terms. Right now a copyright can be held for a hundred years or so. What happens to the technolgoical measures that prevent unauthorized access after the time is up?

    Will the world 100 years from now be a world with no current public domain as everything will be locked up?

  • by Icebox ( 153775 )
    The MPAA says (in their comment):

    "We consider that the likely impact of the coming into force of section 1201(a)(1)(A) will be that more works will be more widely available to more authorized (lawful) users than before. Those who shoulder the burden of arguing that section 1201(a)(1)(A) should not go into effect for all works on October 28 cannot prevail unless they can demonstrate convincingly that the contrary is true"

    Hmmm. 2600.com attempted to aid in making DVD playing software more widely available and you folks sued them for it. The purpose of DeCSS was arguably to further the development of a Open Source DVD player, something that would have put the DVD format into the hands of many more users. We could demonstrate it much more convincinglu if you'd stop suing us.

  • When the MPAA was asked to comment on the current situation, they had this to say:

    "It is our opinion that the DMCA is integral to the well being of corporations. Not only does this protect us from the evils of software/movie pirates, but his also presents an end to bankruptcy. We have talked this over and have thought of this wonderful (patented) plan: When a company is losing money and facing bankruptcy they will release a useful piece of software with A very weak encryption system. Once someone attempts to break it we will Sue under the DMCA for unspecified (see millions) of damages. And since this creates less bankruptcy -- it is better for the average consumer."
  • by Anonymous Coward
    Getting the Librarian of Congress to narrowly protect our specific interests is helpful, but in the end, inadequate.

    What we need is a new law.

    The current law grants us our basic rights only as a special exception made after lengthy deliberations by a single appointed official, two years after the lack has been found to cause problems.

    The burden of proof doesn't belong where it's been put.

    Congress must repeal the DMCA and replace it with more cautious laws. If you're organizing on a cause, organize around that; in the end, nothing else will do.
  • problem: dvd's pay per play
    solution: pay once, rip the video to some allowed video format. play that copy
    problem: audio becomes pay per play
    solution: pay once, rip the audio to mp3

    there's no way they can stop people copying and distributing copyrighted materials, just look at warez.

    i wonder what nader [votenader.com] thinks about this. or gore or bush for that matter. would it be plausible to make a "Digital bill of rights"?

    ---
    pack

  • The DMCA anti circumcision provisions angered Jews & Muslims all around the world as members of Congress backpedal and attempt to explain how these provisions get approved onto completely irrelevant bills.
  • The thrust of his argument is
    (b) Access control is a means of making sure that unauthorized use of material is not possible. This is implemented "in tandem with the hardware."
    At least he points out that CSS on legally acquired materials is use control, not access control, and therefore should not qualify for protection under 1201(a).
  • IANAL, but the DMCA assigns liability for circumventing access protection devices ... But read the subtext: "access protection devices" is some pretty words for "damn near anything the author can make a machine to enforce." Lets say I wanted to distribute DVDs that were only playable on saturdays ... I make dvd players that listen for the time broadcasts sent out by atomic clock stations, and refuse to play discs marked for saturday useage on any other day. ANY limitation which can be accomplished technologically is now backed by the full force of law. Now, the time limitation is an excercise in absurdity, but, region encoding? Thats absurd to, but the DMCA backs it. The DMCA is unconstitutional because its assigning the power to make laws to corporations and individuals by enforcing their notions of fair use. I believe I am the first person to make this arguments.

    Whats worse, "circumvention" could be as simple as playing a DVD in a player you bought in another region. In this sense, the law is too broad, making commonsense actions like playing a DVD in a DVD player illegal (I believe someone has already made this point).

    Omegadan: Dispensing original thought since 1978.

  • I hate to inform you but the Consitution lost it Supreme Law of the Land when America went bankrupt and corporations bailed America out. Ever heard of the UCC? Well, the UCC is US law, but doesn't haft to follow the Consitution. After the 1930's any new law, didn't haft to follow the Consitution. The only reason why they haven't gone all out is becuase when have guns.

    I'm telling you, the Corps run America, and you're just a slave to the Corps.
  • That's a very good way to get around DVDCCA's griping. But it doesn't do a damn thing to defend you against MPAA's weapon: DMCA.


    ---
  • An insightfull comment if ever I've seen one.

    Although I'd take it a bit further, 'everyone' is going to notice when they are no longer able to borrow an album and copy it, or record movies from TV to watch later (timeshifted viewing I know, but when I got Sky digital installed they told me I couldn't [record pay per view], umm even though I can...)

    But by then as you said, it will be way too late, the sad thing is I very much doubt there are enough of us here to put any significant dent in the march of progress.

    The only solution I can see is more nights down the pub informing the general public of these these abuses, darn :)

  • Given the structure of the law in this country, I think that we should ask for capital punishment for the infringer, or if the case brought to court fails, for the supposed infringee.

    If you don't like a law, make it unenforcible.

    Don't be reasonable, be outrageous. Be bold. Be daring. Be hostile and ridiculously vindictive.

    Make the penalties so incredibly strick for the loser, either party, that nobody in their right mind will take this route. Knowing that if they lose, they DIE!

    And don't think it can't be done... There are a few less Chinese software pirates around because they took the US at its word for trade concessions.

    Yes, Bill Gates and his coterie of acolytes is responsable for firing squads and wooden markers. And I'm sure its not keeping him awake at night.
  • Now, excuse me if I just don't "get" this, but isn't the Constitution the Supreme Law of the Land?

    Yes, but a law is presumed constitutional unless and until a court declares it unconstitutional. "I think this law is unconstitutional" is not good enough, unless you're a judge.

    "Well gee, your honor, I thought the law prohibiting first-degree murder was unconstitutional" as a defense will not get you very far.

  • The President, at least, does swear something very much like that when he takes office. Sadly, most presidents since FDR at least have instantly forgotten that oath once in office.
  • Prohibition didn't work because a VAST majority of americans were against it. When 2/3 of American adults like to do something, it's idiotic to try to make it illegal.

    Joe Sixpack and Vinny Bagadonuts doesn't care about DMCA, freedom or anything like that. As long as the football game will be broadcast on time they're happy. I have no idea how we can do it, but we have to make more people see the DMCA as personally offensive and intrusive.

    LK
  • by titus-g ( 38578 ) on Monday October 09, 2000 @11:11AM (#720160) Homepage

    It's always been illegal for me to borrow tapes/cds from friends and libraries and record them, but it is easy to do, so everyone does...

    What a lot of the DMCA does is provide for a technical implementation for existing laws.

    Forgetting for a moment the fair use issues, which can probably be resolved, this would seem to be quite fair.

    Except that it isn't. This is really more about power than anything, about the freedom to live relatively freely, to misquote Sabrina (Teenage Witch), 'Every Law Shall Have a Loophole'.

    The DMCA is giving dictatorial control over certain aspects of life to corporations (cough, spit, wash yer mouth out with soap) who really don't have the maturity/morality/whatever not to abuse it.

    In a way it is quite amusing, anyone can have shares, companies exist to profit the shareholders and are willing to go to pretty much any lengths to do so. We are becoming our own goalers.

    For instance, a DVD sold in Japan will not play on a DVD player sold in the United States because of technical protection measures employed by the motion picture industry.

    How does this work the other way, I thought that regional encoding was illegal in NZ, but since then a scary source sez it ain't.

    This goes way beyond fair use I'd have thought.

    (been interupted so many times writing this I'm not sure what I was thinking though, it was way better than what I said though!! :)

  • Of of the top of my head, an act passed in 1978 prohibits the military CIA and NSA from suveilling, intentionally or not, any US citizen. That power in the US gov't is given solely to the FBI. At least, I had to sign that I understood that act every year I was in Mil. Int.
  • When you buy cookies in a store, you can only eat them the way they intended to. No more dunking them in milk, or using them in a dish to make something else. What about opening a can with out an electric can opener? Ever use scissors on bags rather than pulling that tab? It's the same thing, but with software. And who's to tell you what you can and can't use that screw driver for? Sorry, can't use it for that, have to buy our paint can opener.
  • I don't think it's a restriction of free speech -- the movie isn't your speech. But it's almost certainly a restraint of trade and it might also be an illegal tariff and GATT violation.

    The analagous situation is that I build a car in Mexico that reads its position with a GPS and disables its engine when it's driven into the United States. It's being "localised" and bypassing the "localization" might be a vaioation of the DMCA, but the car maker is in violation of NAFTA, GATT, etc. I wish there was someway to prosecute the MPAA and DVD CCA under these bills. Sue the feckers for tripple damages in a class action suit for every movie consumer on the planet!
  • *"Well gee, your honor, I thought the law prohibiting first-degree murder was unconstitutional" as a defense will not get you very far*

    Unless you're in texas of course :)


    no, no, no ... you have to say "I thought he was breaking into my house, Your Honor" :)
  • I'd guess not only the Slashdot crew, but a good percentage of Slashdot readers, too.

    So, when are we gonna read (again) something about Sony's new Airboard?
  • And a one, and a two...

    "Let's all protest against the
    D... M... C... A...!"

  • An interesting quote I saw was "Unless some exceptions are created, they argue, the entertainment industry will have more control than the Constitution allows. " I agree with you there. If corporations are 'persons' as they are considered by Supreme Court rulings, then they indubitably should have to follow the same rules and regs as a living, breathing human. However, corporations are not living, breathing beings, and so they are pretty much immunized, at least criminally, from being prosecuted. Can a corp go to jail? Nope.
    Can a corp be married? Nope.
    Can a corp be executed? Nope, and in some states it is illegal for a corp to go under because of a civil remedy (see the Big Tobacco case). Now, excuse me if I just don't "get" this, but isn't the Constitution the Supreme Law of the Land? Yes. The legal higherarchy is skewed, but roughly, it's:
    • The Constitution, which provides the ground rules of operation;
    • Federal Law, which makes more clear definitions of what's good and what's not;
    • And the Bitch, Case Law (or Common Law). This is law pressed out in court rulings. Read the DeCSS briefs? The A vs. B (regular courts) and A v. B (Supreme Court) rulings make the intricate web of law only lawyers, judges, and felons in good prisons with libraries can understand.
    Personally, I believe we can solve all of this corporate boldness fairly easily. Add a EULA to the Constitution: "By use of this document, you hereby attest that you have not and will not attempt to bypass the civilian rights listed herein. If at any time this statement is no longer valid, the person and/or corporation that does so will lose all rights listed herein." Yeah, right. Every Republocrat and Democritan in the House and Senate and in every Governorship and State Assembly in the nation is bankrolled with CORPORATE MONEY. The government and the corporations WANT to take your rights away. Welcome to the Corporate Socialist regime. This is why I am voting for Ralph Nader, and every civil-liberty loving bastard should as well. He is the biggest voice against corporate power. He is responsible for the Clean Air and Water Acts... seatbelts.. airbags... Freeedom of Information Act... and another three dozen pieces of legislation which protect citizens' and their rights.
  • "...And since this creates less bankruptcy -- it is better for the average consumer."

    How? How is it better for the average consumer when he has to pump a quarter into his DVD player every time he wants to watch chapter 13 of The Matrix? Isn't this creating MORE bankruptcy? Oh yeah, I forgot, the MPAA only sees things in its own favor. It hates us consumers and denounces all of us as hackers (even the innocent soccer moms and paper pushers).

    It's time to dissolve the MPAA. It has become one large, capitalist, xenophobic entity that doesn't want to lose a cent from its bottom line. The funny part is, it's listed as a non-profit organization (hence, the http://www.mpaa.org), when, in fact, it is making an inhuman profit from making the consumers suffer. The MPAA should at least be castigated for abusing the .org TLD, just as The College Board should be castigated as well.

  • ghvjoinl'r2qhgdpdq1xct65u9ve ch jetiol'q

    rweou5y34iut293p

    Note: This post is encrypted. In order to read it, you would have to break the crypto. You can't mod it without reading it, after all it might be insightful. If you mod this I will be forced to sue you as you will most certainly have circumvented my technological protection.

    Thank you and good day.

  • problem: dvd's pay per play

    Already been tried. Already failed miserably. Aka DivX (not the encoding format)

    The fact of the matter is, *given the choice* consumers do not like it, and they'll go elsewhere. What the DMCA is going to do, is eventually eliminate the choice.
  • wallow in the mud.

    be that more works will be made more widely available

    So this doesn't count for region encoding???Doesn't region encoding make a DVD less available???

    ...cannot prevail unless they are able to demonstrated convincingly that the contrary is true.

    I would like them to explain how region encoding makes a DVD more available. That would demonstrate convincingly.

  • *"Well gee, your honor, I thought the law prohibiting first-degree murder was unconstitutional" as a defense will not get you very far*

    Unless you're in texas of course :)

  • Apparently you missed that part of the class.

    Have you heard of the DeCSS trial? It is illegal to make a DVD player without licensing CSS. If you do, it must be because you're a pirate.

    God forbid the consumer actually has a choice! Sorry, gotta use MS or Macs if you wanna watch DVDs on your computer asshole!
  • Umm please don't, a riot composed of geeks waving bar scanning dildos would be way more humour than my heart could take....
  • What, they're banning my right to see around things? Will this mean my X-Ray Specs will be illegal? And what if I take my X-Ray Specs apart to see how they work?

    Francis Hwang

  • I could probly put up with the region-encoding scheme if I could get what I wanted in region 4 coding. Unfortunately, being in the much-ignored region-4, I often can't... or if I can, I have to pay over 40 dollars for it. I don't understand the MPAA's reasoning. Sure, if you're in region 1 you may get a lot more content available, but then you've got a lot more content available to you in the first place. So I'm forced to buy a multi-region DVD player... Only to find out it may not be able to read the region 1 discs I buy for it in the future... They want to control WHAT INFORMATION you can have, WHEN you can have it and HOW you can have it. Oh, and they want to control the access method. It's disgusting and immoral. Only, these guys don't have morals. I've come to the conclusion that these multi-BILLION dollar information companies (Don't fool yourself - this is EXACTLY what they are! And once you control the flow of information you do not live in a free society anymore.) just want to twist and pull at every opportunity they can get, and the governments' only real purpose is to hold us down while they do it... This is only the MICROSCOPIC tip of a MEGALITHIC iceberg! Don't let it happen!
  • Your time restriction isn't as crazy as you think. Saying "Only on Saturdays" is, but what about something else, say, "Can't play a movie when it is also being played on PPV"
  • The Electronic Frontier Foundation [eff.org] has begun the effort as of 1990!
    You are however very correct about taking an active stance against corporatist intellectualism--known as greed.

    What should Irk anyone with a sense of ingenuity is that information should be free, but in the intrests of some it benefits them so it should not too. I know what I am saying is old hat, but I must insist as did Brian Martin, in "Against Intellectual Property" [eff.org]:
    . . .Surely there is no better indication that intellectual property is primarily of value to those who are already powerful and wealthy (Drahos 1995; Patel 1989).
    Much like realestate merket [examiner.com] in San Francisco, Intellectual Property is overvalued.
    There just aren't enough smart people out there! :P
    what to do? Free software Foundation? [gnu.org] Yes! and maybe even more than just giving people a better choice--allout attack on the corporatist unit.
    I am no Marxist nor do I want to be, but there should be something done. And I feel that I am not alone in this regard to notice that the world has inadequacies about wealth and power is one thing, but to limit the knowledge in the name of the "market place of ideas" is to commit obvious treason to future generations.

    ok, off the soapy box, your turn.
  • by Anonymous Coward
    The part about pumping 25 cents into your DVD player every time you wanted to watch a movie was no joke. Only it was $3.25 per 48-hour viewing period, and the monopoly operator of the rental system had the ability to refuse to let you view discs of movies that were playing in the theater (think Disney classics).

    I'm referring, of course, to the much-reviled and spectacularly unsuccessful DIVX system (which, at first, was intended to kill DVD). Thankfully, it is dead, but conceptually related proposals like SDMI live on.

    • Getting Linux to read DVDs
    • Problem 1: Linux can't read DVD discs' file system
    • Problem 2: Linux can't play DVDs even if it could read the file system
    • Tools available:
    • Windows can read DVD discs
    • Linux and Windows can dual-boot on the same computer
    • Linux can read the Windows filesystem
    • Solution:
    • Reboot into Windows
    • Read DVD disc from Windows
    • Write DVD data on Windows file system in format Linux can view
    • Reboot into Linux
    • Mount Windows file system
    • Play data
  • by Anonymous Coward
    It seems to me that many of the problems our legal system suffers are analogous to problems found in computer programming.

    Let's start off with code bloat. We started out with a kernel, the Constitution, and began haphazardly adding new code. At first, all was well. The new code worked most of the time, and when it didn't we could always slap together a patch. Eventually, however, it caught up with us. Loopholes began to appear, and the system became increasingly unstable as code that was never meant to work together was hastily altered to do so. When a major problem arose, a fix would eventually arrive, but on the whole, the complaints of the customers are ignored, and there is little they can do. In the meantime, the script kiddies are hard at work. As individuals, they are capable of only minor exploits, hardly noticed. In time, however, they work together, forming corporations. Now coordinated, using multiple exploits, they leave root kits all over the system.

    Our legal system needs a major code audit. As in programming, such an audit would be time consuming, but it ensures that the code does what it was intended to do. The legislature must also realize that simply because a law is constitutional does not make it right, or beneficial to the country as a whole.
  • On the other hand, what you suggest is also somewhat dangerous... To continue your analogy, you'd have to make VERY sure that whoever was doing the audit was not a script kiddy, and was not being influenced by one. Otherwise they'd just use it as an opertunity to leave more root kits around, only this time the exploits would be intentionally created backdoors instead of loopholes and exploits. So they'd be considerably harder to patch...
  • One problem.. How do I create a DVD player on Linux if I can't verify my logic works do decrypt the data stream playback ?

    Answer: I write it to run on Winblows (which happens to have a player) so I have something that I can compare to.

  • "Joe Sixpack and Vinny Bagadonuts [don't] care about [the] DMCA, freedom or anything like that. As long as the football game will be broadcast on time they're happy."

    Well, it's time to MAKE them care, by making them aware of the impact that the DMCA will have on their lives. It might turn out that Joe Sixpack downloads his favorite Elvis Costello tunes from Napster because his LP's are scratched beyond recognition. And what if he wanted to get DVD soon, but didn't want to worry about the MPAA charging him a flat rate to play the movie? Then he should start caring about how the DMCA will affect his life.

    One of the major reasons why I hate the DMCA is because of how it became law: a joint venture between the MPAA, RIAA, and the government. In no way was this act approved by the US citizens. The very fact that the DMCA will become law soon flies in the face of this passage of the Declaration of Independence:

    We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

    From the consent of governed. Now, did we give any consent to have the DMCA passed into law? NO. Were any referendums held to study public opinion on this issue? NO.

    The DMCA IS destructive of the ends established in the Declaration, and it is our right to abolish the DMCA. It is not only our right, but now it is our responsibility to eliminate the DMCA. The DMCA will affect our happiness in the future; we will become drones, being forced by the MPAA to shell out X amount of dollars to watch a pre-recorded movie for Y amount of time. Even worse, the RIAA might soon mandate that we pay for FM radio by the minute. I fear that this idea (or a similar incarnation) isn't far off.

    Do I sound a little like Henry David Thoreau? Good! It's nice to know that I'm the only remaining Transcendentalist in the US.

  • Also angered was the gay community who protested that no catchy disco tune had yet been written with a chorus where everyone can dance the letters.
  • Hopefully in 100 years any encryption method used will have been broken and almost useless. They could re-encrypt stuff, but hopefully someone will still have a copy that is old enough the the encryption is breakable (probably 5-10 years old, if not even newer, assuming technology keeps trending in the direction is has been so far).

    Mr. Spey
    Cover your butt. Bernard is watching.
  • And you think that belch.com [belch.com] wasn't dangerously funny?

    Check them out! They even have an opinion on Netscape (not to mention a recording of Booger's trophy-winning belch from ROTN1!)

  • there is an article [zdnet.com] at zdnet today about reverse engineering. obviously related to dmca
  • To clarify for all 3 above...

    Basically I was meaning borrow CD/Tape use incredibly convenient CD to tape, twin tape system to make a copy of original for myown personal use.

    Also I'm in the UK and am pretty sure that doing so is illegal, although completely unenforced (have to wonder why, could it be that there are worse crimes than the unlicensed viewing of various types of art going on? but no that is a ridiculous though, what could be worth more than that... [incidentally what's a life going for these days? I need to get a new one])

    If non-commercial sharing is legal, umm then what's the beef with napster, they are a .com company, they're not going to make anything anyway, well except headlines when they go bust...

  • The stupidity of the mpaa astounds me.

    Remember when DAT was an up-and-coming technology for something other than backup tapes? The recording industry pinheads killed that technology for audio and it looks like these idiots will do the same for DVD and video.

    Wake up and smell the binary data, Mr. Valenti! If you lock up control of this technology, people will use something else!

  • It's always been illegal for me to borrow tapes/cds from friends and libraries and record them, but it is easy to do, so everyone does...

    I believe that the fair use clause that went into effect in '92ish (the Home Recording Act?) permits the duplication of music in just such a scenario. Anybody with a little more knowledge than I care to expand on this?

    -Waldo
  • Eh? Texas is quite more likely to dismiss legal hair-splitting and shenanigans of the type listed above and to administer simple, clear justice.
  • Here are the first cut at arguments I can think of, posted here since it looks like the Copyright Office isn't taking new comments..

    The problem is there are several entities that have informally referenced the Digital Millenium Copyright Act when talking about a wide variety of protection schemes they purport to have placed as a barrier to control access to their work. In their hands, the phrase "technological measures" and "control access" combine to form a hopelessly broad category which contains trivial or well-known encoding schemes upon data which is dubiously classifiable as copyrighted content.

    Under such practice, it would be difficult without new legislation to define what scope of "access controls" congress would protect, and which measures employ a sufficient degree of technology. Would not a modern-day Da Vinci declare his practice of backwards writing a "technological measure" and prosecute any who realize and declare that a mirror would then give them access? Recent experience shows that he would, and go farther -- in charging for the only approved mirror and declaring other mirrors illegal under a poorly written law!

    Thus one key concern may not be the access to the copyrighted works themselves, but rather the access to the technology that accesses them. When this technology is held as a trade secret, controlled via licensing with onerous fees, or otherwise restricted from any who would build innovative delivery channels for the copyrighted work, then the DMCA becomes a tool for those who wish to consolidate control of both the content and the cradle-to-grave distribution of the content into a few rich conglomerates. Technological protections should not be able to be considered both as a "technological measures that effectively control access" under DMCA and as a trade secret with restricted distribution. There is no benefit to the public for both considerations to be in effect simultaneously. Like patents, full disclosure and registration of these "technological measures" should be required before the additional protections of any law like DMCA may be invoked.

    If a "technological measure" is implemented that goes further than simply granting access to a work, but also executes additional policies, such as giving one group of people access while (possibly temporarily) excluding another group of noninfringing would-be customers, then is this scheme worthy of protection under the DMCA? Citizens and consumers would say no. Why should DMCA be cited to protect a scheme that allows the copyright holder the unprecedented right of geographic designation of access, such as the regional encoding scheme for DVDs? In the past, has it been illegal for duly printed and purchased books, audio tapes, magazines, or other media to traverse geographical boundaries? Are we to constitute a government with no powers of censorship only to legislatively empower multinational corporations to routinely exercise such power? There is an important distinction between the DMCA's intent to prevent copyright infringment and industry's intent "to manage access and to exclude unauthorized users" as described by the MPAA. The DMCA must be clarified to forbid this type of practice and disallow descrimination based on geography or based on any other demographic attribute except possibly age.

  • My award goes to Fritz A. Attaway for this little number
    "To the contrary, the use of technological measures in general, and of access-control technologies in particular, has already greatly increased the availability of a wide range of copyrighted materials to members of the public."

    The thrust of his argument is

    (a)access control enables the copyright holders to make available trial versions or restricted versions like those cable movies that cut out 1/2 an hour into it and ask for your credit card number.

    (b) Access control is a means of making sure that unauthorized use of material is not possible. This is implemented "in tandem with the hardware."

    These don't seem too unreasonable to be honest. I think the reason I have such a hard time relating to the MPAA is that they consider movies, music whatever as product. Most of the crap they put out is, "Mission to Mars" for example has about as much artistic value as Lemon Fresh dishwashing detergent. I could care less about access control on product like this.

    What scares me is the idea that access to artistic or intellectual works which have real value to humanity and society will be controlled by a capitalist driven authority like the MPAA. ( milar concerns have cropped up with the human genome project, fortunately all parties agreed to release their data into the public domain. )

    And it's the MPAA's movies that reach the wider audience. Shudder
  • His argument stood perfectly well when you considered the following: When DeCSS was developed, Linux lacked any functionality to talk to DVD's as more then ATAPI CDROMs. There was no UDF filesystem support. Jon made this argument in his defense when he took the stand at the DeCSS case.

    Also, if they weren't sueing Johansen, why was his house raided and him and his father taken into custody?

    --
    It's a .88 magnum -- it goes through schools.
  • by davebooth ( 101350 ) on Monday October 09, 2000 @11:37AM (#720209)

    Looking at the text of title 17, section 1201...

    Subsection (c)(1) reads Nothing in this section shall affect rights, remedies, limitations, or defenses to copyright infringement, including fair use, under this title. so the "fair use" defense is unaffected by this measure.

    As for DeCSS I'm guessing the defense lawyers are hammering real hard on subsection (f) which explicitly permits reverse engineering any access control AND distributing the means to do so so long as it is solely for the purpose of allowing interoperability. Of course the corporate weasels didnt like this so they are claiming DeCSS in "purely a piracy tool." IANAL but from reading the actual letter of the law it seems that all it should take to defend against the suit is claiming "I made this code to allow interoperability between the firmware code on commercial DVD drives and the linux OS since nobody else had made a driver for it." - that fulfills the requirement in (f)(2) that it is for the purpose of enabling interoperability of an independently created computer program with other programs, if such means are necessary to achieve such interoperability and also of (f)(3) where the information gained may be made available to others ... solely for the purpose of enabling interoperability

    In the absence of the MPAA being able to prove that any of the coders intended DeCSS for piracy or actively used it for such (and since "fair use" remains intact their lawyers should be able to argue that the presence of decrypted movie fragments in old temp files on their disks is simply evidence they played them, not that they copied them) whilst the MPAA may throw more and more money and lawyers at this they should eventually lose.
    # human firmware exploit
    # Word will insert into your optic buffer
    # without bounds checking

  • It's always been illegal for me to borrow tapes/cds from friends and libraries and record them, but it is easy to do, so everyone does.

    I'm not sure what you meant by "record them" in that sentence, but borrowing tapes/cds from friends is absolutely NOT illegal. This is part of "fair use", and has been ruled that way by the courts. See, for instance, how David Boies, the lead attorney defending Napster, describes it in this Wired interview [wired.com].

    So if the DMCA is providing 'a technical implementation' of something, it certainly isn't for 'existing laws.' In fact, it's about to make illegal something that has always been legal to do.
    ________________

  • by Danse ( 1026 ) on Monday October 09, 2000 @12:05PM (#720212)

    One of the major reasons why I hate the DMCA is because of how it became law: a joint venture between the MPAA, RIAA, and the government.

    Not to mention being passed by a voice vote so that we can't even tell who voted for or against it. (Safer to assume that it was unanimous and vote the whole lot of them out.. if only we can convince others of the disgusting nature of this law.)

    Do I sound a little like Henry David Thoreau? Good! It's nice to know that I'm the only remaining Transcendentalist in the US.

    Let's not get too full of ourselves here.

    Anyway, this law was bought and paid for by corporate interests. The average citizen had no input on it, nor did the government care to even attempt to see how people felt about it. They slipped it through as quickly and quietly as a bill this attrocious can possibly be slipped through. By using a voice vote, everyone in favor got to get the bill through while avoiding attaching their names to it. Sneaky as hell. How does a bill this big and important get through on a voice vote? It's called corruption. We need to fight this and we need to make people understand what it means to them. Explain how it will affect them. I'm just not sure how to go about doing that. Most people I know just kinda shake their head and say something to the effect of, "Well, that's the government for ya." I'm beginning to despair of ever finding enough people who give a damn about this to make any sort of difference at all.

  • by Cramer ( 69040 ) on Monday October 09, 2000 @12:14PM (#720218) Homepage
    RIAA, MPAA, et. al. like to bounce around on the notion of relizing or losing revenue, however they have never backed up a single one of their speculations. In fact, more content is available on DVD now than ever before. Are there entire warehouses of DVDs waiting for the 28th to roll around to release them? No. Additionally, everything available in DVD format is available in other formats as well (VHS, LD, even beta) And in many cases, the VHS versions hit the market first -- sometimes by months; this has nothing to do with law, it has to do with DVD authoring time... the VHS tape is exactly what you saw in the theatre.

    The issue with DeCSS is of it's "piracy tool" nature. Yes, every idiot on Slashdot is going to argue it's to allow playback under <insert non-windows OS here>. HOWEVER, that arguement is full of holes and you know it. DeCSS has done more harm than you can imagine for those trying to bring DVD to alternative OSen. Never argue that you are helping Linux by creating and sharing windows programs.

    As for DVD playback outside their circle, they don't like that idea. Any unlicensed DVD player would be beyond the DVD CCA's contractual scope. "Fair Use" has become "however we say you can use it." They are afraid of losing control over content that can be perfectly and indistingishably duplicated. It's all digital data; you cannot prevent copying -- even Microsoft has been unable to stop it (argueably, they don't want to.) The best you can hope to do it make it trackable. Physical means of media control like watermarks and eliptical tracks can help to stop the small time theft, but nothing will ever stop the "pros".

    It doesn't matter for what purpose you intended your creation. A screw driver isn't a hammer nor is a hammer a screw driver but each can fill either job.
  • I'm sorry to burst your bubble, but there was quite a convincing case that DeCSS was not created "for the purpose of interoperability". Namely that it was created for Windows and not Linux. It was only later ported to Linux. However, Johansen still could have used the defense that he created it just to see if he could make his own DVD player, but this is a much weaker argument than "I made it because there was no DVD player for Linux". Anyway, all of this is academic because they weren't sueing Johansen or any of the other coders, they couldn't. The provisions in the DMCA about creating devices hadn't gone into effect yet. They sued 2600 and Corely under the trafficking provisions. The case was ruled correctly if you believe that the DMCA is constitutional.
  • by Mike Bridge ( 8663 ) on Monday October 09, 2000 @10:40AM (#720221) Homepage
    Initial written comments in this rulemaking were due February 17, 2000. The Office received 235 comments. All 235 comments are now available below for viewing and downloading [loc.gov]. Copies of comments are also now available for inspection and copying at the Copyright Office
  • To quote the first line of the linked page.

    Initial written comments in this rulemaking were due February 17, 2000.
  • I'm probably just begging to be whacked upside the head with the Clue Stick, but...

    From the way this article reads, it sounds like the anti-circumvention measures of the DMCA don't go into effect until the 28th. IANAL, but it sounds like this would mean that any uses of it as a defense in court cases before that time would be considered an attempt to apply the law ex post facto, which is explicitly unconstitutional.

    Wouldn't this mean that all charges pressed under that clause of the DMCA, including the infamous DeCSS case, be legally groundless?

    Like I said, IANAL and IAPC (I Am Probably Clueless), but it seemed like something to think about...
    ----------
  • How about if we encrypt the source code to deCSS. Then, if the MPAA decrypts said source code, they are in violation of the DMCA. They can't sue us because to get the evidence is against the law.

    What makes you think the DMCA would be any use in assisting the little guy against a large corportaion or federation?
  • Analog isn't necessarily bad quality, but one-hundredth generation copies almost certainly are. This is the big advantage of digital tech.

    So while an analog format may be excempt from the regulations, it also isn't very useful on the net.

    --

  • by Anonymous Coward
    I particularly like the one by Appel and Felton about searches. "Alice can hire someone to search her collection of books for references to `Francis Bacon.'" But, it is probably a violation of DCMA to search her electronic collection using a computer program hired for the purpose.
  • Yup. The laws in the US will become so obfuscated that businesses will no longer be able to afford staying there. One by one they will abandon it for Canada, countries in Europe, Australia, etc.

    What's to stop the US pressing other countries to follow suit in the name of "free trade" and "harmonisation"?
    Copyright in the EU has the same excessive length problem as in the US. Also the DMCA is a rewrite of the WIPO treaty into the new US "corporate socialism" language.
  • by mpe ( 36238 )
    They are afraid of losing control over content that can be perfectly and indistingishably duplicated.

    Unless every CD/DVD duplication plant on the planet is run with the security of a mint. (Instead of finding the cheapest labour possible.) Then they have already lost any control they might have had in the first place.
    You need to pay the workers, managers and guards enough that they will accept some kind of exclusive arrangement.
  • "When the DMCA was passed it contained, a delay to the date the anti-circumvention provisions take effect. This delay is about up and your comments are needed"

    And DeCSS is illegal because.........

  • Given the structure of the law in this country, I think that we should ask for capital punishment for the infringer, or if the case brought to court fails, for the supposed infringee.

    You'd first need capital punishment for corporations...
  • What scares me is the idea that access to artistic or intellectual works which have real value to humanity and society will be controlled by a capitalist driven authority like the MPAA.

    Except that "corporate socialism" is a more appropriate term that "capitalism". The likes of the MPAA seek to use laws to eliminate any kind of "free market".
  • Yes, but a law is presumed constitutional unless and until a court declares it unconstitutional. "I think this law is unconstitutional" is not good enough, unless you're a judge.

    Also it is rather trivial to pass unconsitutional laws in the US. The concept of "high treason" is appently unrecognised, indeed IIRC US legislators have freedom from prosecution WRT any crimes they comit "at work".
  • Globalization has been the big corporate wet dream for the last few years. Some /. readers have sung the praises of the global economy.

    How is it that it is good for the corporations to take advantage of the wonderful global marketplace, but a crime for consumers to do the same?

    Seriously, how can they defend this? The Regionalization mechanism seems to be a system designed both to restrain trade and to fix prices? Doesn't this constitute some kind of criminal conspiracy? I know ADM and it's competitors were busted for global proce fixing in the Lysene market... So there should be some way to prosecute them under US law, at the very least.

    I can imagine the defense: "Oh no you can buy a movie wherever you like, you just can't watch that movie..."
  • This has already been done. Anyone with a relatively fast connection (Cable or DSL) can go into an IRC channel and download most movies that are still in the theatres. DVD is not the only way to watch movies. At this point however, it is the best way to watch movies at home, because like most other analog formats, digitizing a movie STILL won't look great if the source came from a guy in a movie theatre with a palmcorder.

    I don't see what the issue is here.

  • And DeCSS is illegal because.........

    Because the defendants were accused of "trafficking," not "circumventing," which is the portion that hasn't gone into effect yet.

  • One might even be willing to go to that illegal extreme, though, if only for the pleasure of spell-checking the comments and correcting the grammar.
  • Well, here's a quote from him, which you can find by following the above link, and following the Issues button...

    Giant corporations have hijacked our democracy, have no allegiance to our country or communities, and are increasingly controlling our government, media, childhood...What other society tolerates electronic child molesting the way these corporations are targeting 4-year-olds [on TV]? They know when parents are away working. Then they market their products, undermining parental authority...junk food...violence as a solution to life's problems. People say it's up to the parents. Yeah, but who designed an economy where it takes two, three breadwinners to make a middle-class family living? These top CEOs are making 415 times the entry wage in their own company. You know what it was in 1940? 12. 1980? 40. Now, 415.

    You know, Jon Katz could maybe take a hint and stop using digerati wannabe books as a starting place for social discussion and simply head to the Nader site for some launch points. After all, Nader is a Linux user!

    [Looking forward to 2004, when Slashdot hosts streaming debates in the next presidential election, complete with a Questions bot and a discussion forum]
  • ...pretty sure that doing so is illegal, although completely unenforced...

    Paradoxically, the fact that 'casual' technically-illegal copying like this is unenforced is a big part of the problem with the DMCA, or more specifically, with the problem of apathy towards the DMCA among way too much of the US population.

    "Everybody" seems to feel that since the copying they do for their friends is already illegal, and yet they haven't been hit with any legal problems as a result, they seem to feel that even further restrictions on what they're allowed to do with legally-purchased material won't affect them, either.

    I fear that by the time "everybody" starts noticing that they ARE running into problems simply for trying to, for example, watch their legal DVD on their Linux box with the help of DeCSS, it'll be too late to do much about it.


    Joe Sixpack is dead!
  • by Mr. Flibble ( 12943 ) on Monday October 09, 2000 @10:48AM (#720251) Homepage
    So,if the DMCA "bans the circumvision of technical protection measures like encryption systems and other methods designed to prevent access to copyrighted works" then I can copyright my Emails and encrypt them! If carnivore or the NSA decrypt my Email, then they are breaking the law and they will have to stand up to Jack Valenti!. Ha! Valenti and his lawyers will protect me!

    What? Uh, No sir. Never heard of DeCSS, nope, never bought a T-shirt of it neither. Nope nope! /me hides his stack of 2600 mags.
  • by underwhelm ( 53409 ) <underwhelm AT gmail DOT com> on Monday October 09, 2000 @10:50AM (#720252) Homepage Journal
    I regret to inform any new Slashdot readers that the comments period at the Library of Congress has been well expired. They had public hearings regarding those comments in May, and even the post-hearing-comment-rebuttal-comment window has passed.

    All that's left to do now is wait. Virtually all the scheduled opportunities for public comment (read: your rare chance to not be ignored) have passed, as most slashdot readers probably know.

    What this thread should provide an opportunity for Slashdot readers to do, is organize and take action should the LOC rule in Big Copyright's favor. We have until October 28th to prepare, and once the ruling comes down, anyone interested in the enrichment of the public domain and the rights to fair use of copyrighted material needs to be ready to stage an information campaign the likes of which has never been seen.

    Prepare fliers and protests. Get ordinary people's attention focused on why this abuse of the limited copyright monopoly harms them. I'm trying to compile an HTML archive of important documents and arguments that can inform people about their relationship to copyright and it's place in society. Burn stuff like this to CD and distribute it near theaters, video rental shops, Kinko's, or other areas where people are likely to be in a receptive mood regarding their rights as individuals. If you're interested in knowing the URL when my compilation is done, send me an email with 'dmca' in the subject line.

    Make the argument heard, because if the LOC rules to delete fair use and copyright expiration, we have the hardest argument yet to make to change what will be the status quo.
  • by Kaufmann ( 16976 ) <rnedal@olimpo.co ... r minus language> on Monday October 09, 2000 @10:52AM (#720254) Homepage
    Slashdot (not to mention other sites such as Technocrat) have been covering this since early 2000; this particular article says that comments "are due Feb 17 2000". Add this to the earlier story about Mojonation, which is a repeat from July 30, and one can only conclude that the Slashdot editors are suffering from an acute problem which makes it impossible for them to retain any kind of long-term memory. This illness is caused by some form of brain damage.

    OTOH, so the Slashdot editors are brain-damaged... what's new about it?
  • Copyright, according to US constitution at least (that's the most easily accessible source of the definition, I presume everyone's is similar), is a limited set of rights afforded for a limited time to content creators. In my opinion, the MPMA/DVDCCA have broken their side of the bargain by using technology to attempt to secure additional rights, and for unlimited time. They therefore do not deserve the protection of copyright law, and I have no moral qualms about making copies of DVD movies.
  • I agree that the DMCA's anticircumvention provisions [harvard.edu] are execrable (and submitted a comment saying so), but they're not likely to apply to the CueCat. 1201 forbids the circumvention of a technological measure that controls access to or copying of a copyrighted work, and it's hard to imagine how the CueCat's bar code encryption does either. (The bar code numbers are unlikely to be copyrightable.) [loc.gov]

    If Digital Convergence has any "intellectual property" claim, it is most probably patent -- and without seeing specifics, I'd be dubious about even that. (Query how a process for Web information retrieval triggered by the scanning of a bar code is any innovation over a library's retreival of remote database records when it scans a book at checkout.)

  • The DMCA prevents other people from giving you ways to use your devices in a manner that the manufacturer did not intend. Take the Cue Cat bar code scanner. The manufacturer only wants you to use the bar code scanner with their web site, which secretly collects private information about you. The "geeks", on the other hand, have been able to come up with new and safer uses of that hardware that you own, for free. The DMCA is designed to stop that sort of that. Do you see now how you're affected by the DMCA? It's just like a white person saying he's not affected by racism against Blacks.
    --
  • The thrust of his argument is
    (a)access control enables the copyright holders to make available trial versions or restricted versions like those cable movies that cut out 1/2 an hour into it and ask for your credit card number.


    i.e. attempting to extend the legal anomoly of software to films, music, books, etc, etc.

    (b) Access control is a means of making sure that unauthorized use of material is not possible. This is implemented "in tandem with the hardware."

    Why not simply rename the whole thing "USEright", rather than "copyright". After all "copying" is a subset of "using".
  • by Sloppy ( 14984 ) on Monday October 09, 2000 @12:41PM (#720266) Homepage Journal

    Forgetting for a moment the fair use issues, which can probably be resolved, this would seem to be quite fair.

    The fair use issues cannot be resolved while also preserving the alleged intent of DMCA. It simply isn't technically possible to have copy protection and uninhibited fair use. You can't have one without the other, because there is no way a machine will ever be able to tell whether or not an access is copyright infringement. Even humans sometimes get it wrong, so it's going to take a hell of an AI.

    The conflict will never be resolved peacefully. Either copy protection or fair use has to go. Laws like DMCA that try to force people to accept copy protection, are really just going to bring that fundamental incompatability to the forefront of peoples' minds. Even Orrin Hatch is beginning to see it.


    ---
  • Hmm, no. "Capitalism" is the correct term, since what we are talking about is the abuse of the concept of "ownership" as a means for acquiring wealth and power.

    In that case you'd have to call the old soviet union "capitalist". The abuse of ownership is perpetrated with the consent (and by the actions) of the state.

    The free market is what made the MPAA. The fact that they are now big enough to get some legislative influence and restrict the freedoms of others should be no shock to you.

    The last thing that large organisations, be they the MPAA or Microsoft want is a free market. Their continued existance relies on the lack of competition.
    What they want is a situation where they can do what they want and everyone else is obliged to follow suit.
  • Digital device makers could put a little random noise in with each playback, so the first viewing looks acceptable, but every time you copy it it gets a little bit worse and worse - just like the old stuff. Would this make everybody happy? (no).

    Just being facitious.
  • by Anonymous Coward
    No. Use & sale of an anti-circumwhatever device becomes illegal on the 28th. The creation and possession of anti-circumwhatever devices have been illegal for quite some time. Or, at least, the distinction goes something like that.

    Either way, the DeCSS case is groundless because it violates U.S. citizen free speech rights. Why Judge Kaplan ruled in the manner he did is unfathomable, except when seen in light of his having worked on the legal issues of DVD for the plaintiffs in the case some years earlier. Classic conflict-of-interest, and fully explanatory of his move to ignore the U.S. Constitution. This is the equivalent of criminal behavior, but since it is done by a U.S. judge it is considered excusable & nothing of any consequence is ever done about it.

    Moral of the story: if you want to be above the law, become a U.S. judge. (If you want to be directly violent towards people while still avoiding imprisonment, become a U.S. police officer.)
  • I made the same mistake

    Corley and 2600 are being charged with trafficking, which has no such effective date. The ban on trafficking was effective immediately.
  • "Law Enforcement, Intelligence, and Other Government Activities. - This section does not prohibit any lawfully authorized investigative, protective, information security, or intelligence activity of an officer, agent, or employee of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State, or a person acting pursuant to a contract with the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State. For purposes of this subsection, the term ''information security'' means activities carried out in order to identify and address the vulnerabilities of a government computer, computer system, or computer network."

The most difficult thing in the world is to know how to do a thing and to watch someone else doing it wrong, without commenting. -- T.H. White

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