Foundations of Python Network Programming 144
Foundations of Python Network Programming | |
author | John Goerzen |
pages | 500 |
publisher | Apress |
rating | 9 of 10 |
reviewer | Sarusa |
ISBN | 1590593715 |
summary | If you program in Python, and you want to write Internet applications, you need this book. |
First of all, 'Network' means 'Internet.' Everything in the book concerns protocols running over IP, which is almost anything useful these days. That said, this is a lot of ground to cover -- there's FTP, HTTP, POP3, IMAP, DNS, a veritable explosion of acronyms, and this book does a great job of hitting all the ones you're likely to need.
Foundations assumes you already know Python, but nothing about network programming. The first 100 pages covers the basics of IP, TCP, UDP, sockets and ports, server vs. daemon, clients, DNS, and more advanced topics like broadcast and IPv6. And in case you already know all that, how Python deals with them. This is the only part of the book you will probably read in order. After that you pick what you need.
Find a topic you need to know how to deal with, such as using XML-RPC, and locate the appropriate section of the book. There he'll cover the basics of the topic, show you how to use the correct Python module(s) to implement it, explain any gotchas (this is key!), and write a short but functional application or two that uses it. I'm not sure why this book isn't called 'Practical Python Network Programming.' It's eminently Practical. It won't make your heart race, but it tells you exactly what you need to get the job done.
All this information is out there to find for free, but having it all collected and summarized is worth every penny. And the real value is having the edge conditions and not-so-obvious practical details explained by someone who's obviously used this stuff in the field. Python and its excellent libraries make Internet tasks relatively easy, but it's even easier with some expert help, and the libraries assume you already know what you're trying to do. For example, if you're doing a DNS.Request() record query and using a DNS.Type.ANY, it (for good reason) returns information cached by your local servers, which may be incomplete. If you really need all the records you need to skip your local servers and issue a query to the name server for the domain. This is isn't hard; you just have to know what's going on. Or do you know which exceptions can get raised if you're using urllib to fetch web pages? It's here. Exception handling is not neglected.
So you know what you're getting, here's a laundry list of topics: IP, TCP, UDP, sockets, timeouts, network data formats, inetd/xinetd, syslog, DNS, IPv6, broadcast, binding to specific addresses, poll and select, writing a web client, SSL, parsing HTML and XHTML, XML and XML-RPC, email composition and decoding, MIME, SMTP, POP, IMAP, FTP, MySQL/PostgreSQL/zxJDBC (though you won't learn SQL), HTTP and XML-RPC servers, CGI, and mod_python. As a bonus you get some chapters on forking and threading (for writing servers) and handling asynchronous communication in general.
Just to find something to complain about churlishly, I wish Goerzen had managed to do all this and make it scintillatingly brilliant and witty from cover to cover (all 500 pages); perhaps dropping juicy bon mots of gossip from the Debian project. And while I'm at it I'd like a pony. No, seriously. If you program in Python, intend to do anything Internet related, and aren't already a Python networking god, you need Foundations of Python Network Programming. In terms of 'hours I could have saved if only I had this book sooner' it would have paid for itself many times over.
You can purchase Foundations of Python Network Programming from bn.com. Slashdot welcomes readers' book reviews -- to see your own review here, read the book review guidelines, then visit the submission page.
Amazon (Score:2, Informative)
Re:Amazon (Score:5, Informative)
-- Sex Toys... [secondnirvana.com]
Re:Amazon (Score:1)
Re:Amazon (Score:2)
Re:Amazon (Score:1)
-Leigh
Re:Amazon (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Amazon (Score:2, Offtopic)
If he really wanted to be an ass, he could have hidden it behind a meta redirect. But he didn't. If you want to be all morally hoity-toity about it, that's your prerogative.
Oh and by the way, I can smell your patchouli.
Re:Amazon (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Amazon (Score:1, Insightful)
Try starting a small company that makes Apple clone hardware and see if Apple keeps you from doing something that you want.
Re:Amazon (Score:1, Insightful)
I don't know of Apple or amazon.com trying to keep me from doing something I want or pay for something that should be free, so I'm not all that fussed.
Unless of course you want to use something like an affiliate program or 1-click ordering, which Amazon has patented.
Amazon is still on my shitlist, but the great thing about the internet is you can "shop" at amazon and then click-click, buy your book somewhere else, with a clear conscience.
Re:Amazon (Score:1)
And all along I that was a worm poking out of it. The good news is it must still be edible.
Re:Amazon (Score:1)
Re:Amazon (Score:1)
Welcome to slashdot, you must be new here.
Twisted Framework (Score:5, Interesting)
For those interested in starting in network programming in Python, I'd recommend checking it out.
Re:Twisted Framework (Score:2)
Re:Twisted Framework (Score:5, Informative)
The bonus to Mr. Goerzen's use of Twisted in IMAP is that I came away with a much better understanding of how to use Twisted generally -- I grokked Deferreds for the first time. And I'd read all (ALL) the Twisted documentation I could get my hands on prior to that. That probably gave me the proper background, but the book really kicked in to place those final pieces necessary to get what was going on in Twisted.
The book doesn't just cover "raw" network programming, but covers multiple domain-specific areas and points you to the best libraries and modules to use for the area.
Good stuff, I highly recommend the book.
Re:Twisted Framework (Score:2)
I've been hoping for someone to do this for a long time... Not very likely to happen though...
The documentation is huge and pretty good but it just doesn't cut it for me...
Typos (Score:5, Informative)
Re:Typos (Score:3, Informative)
On the other hand, the content is excellent, truly a good book. And so far, my binding hasn't broken, FWIW.
Re:Typos (Score:4, Interesting)
As practicalities go, the one thing I really liked about the last APress book I got ('Dive into Python') was that when I wanted to refer to it at work, I didn't have to carry the book in, I just read the section I wanted on their website.
It was one of those "never going to buy another book without this facility" moments... how could we have missed something so useful for so long?
So back on topic, this book only has one chapter available for download, and it's in PDF rather than anything useful, so I guess it's not general policy to make all APress books downloadable.
I did find it amusing how Visual Basic, C#, and
re: Downloadable Dive Into Python (Score:1)
Re: Downloadable Dive Into Python (Score:1)
Look, I program in Perl (Score:1, Interesting)
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:5, Interesting)
And classes too. What's more, a class is just a callable object that is called exactly like a function - "C()" - and it returns an instance of that class. If a function wants a class for instantiation, you can just pass a factory function that returns some instance of any class.
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:5, Interesting)
And classes too.
Yes, absolutely. First-class functions and types is one of the most important hallmarks of a good, usable language. Not being able to pass around classes or functions would severely limit how most of my solution sets are defined. Personally, I won't consider languages that don't offer this.
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:2)
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:4, Informative)
import MyModule
MyModule.SomeFunction()
Or:
from MyModule import *
SomeFunction()
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:2)
For the former, first check out the python package index [python.org], which is the equivelent of CPAN to see if someone else has created a relevant package. If not, creating a python module from C code from python is easy [python.org]. As far as calling perl modules from python, that is one of the things Parrot is intended to do, so your savior will come with the apoclypse.
SWIG rocks for plugging into C/C++/Libraries. (Score:5, Informative)
I can't say enough good things about SWIG. It's an amazing piece of work that has saved me years of menial labor and enabled me to integrate all kinds of compex code into Python, from hairy C++ templates to third party Win32 libraries for which there is no source code. It works extremely well with Python, and many other languages too.
Here is the blurb from the web site www.swig.org [swig.org]:
SWIG is a software development tool that connects programs written in C and C++ with a variety of high-level programming languages. SWIG is primarily used with common scripting languages such as Perl, Python, Tcl/Tk and Ruby, however the list of supported languages also includes non-scripting languages such as C#, Common Lisp (Allegro CL), Java, Modula-3 and OCAML. Also several interpreted and compiled Scheme implementations (Chicken, Guile, MzScheme) are supported. SWIG is most commonly used to create high-level interpreted or compiled programming environments, user interfaces, and as a tool for testing and prototyping C/C++ software. SWIG can also export its parse tree in the form of XML and Lisp s-expressions. SWIG may be freely used, distributed, and modified for commercial and non-commercial use.
-Don
Re:SWIG rocks for plugging into C/C++/Libraries. (Score:2)
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:2)
http://www.python.org/moin/PyPerl
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:2)
I can definitely see a real use for this, as there aren't very many python packages around that do what DBI does. (at least not that I could find back when I was looking for them. I suspect this has not changed).
Look: Programming in Perl is Simply Irresponsible! (Score:2, Insightful)
If you choose to program in Perl, the poor suckers who are going to have to read, maintain, clean up and modify the code you wrote will hate your guts.
Programming languages should be designed primarily for PEOPLE to read, understand, write and maintain reliably, and only incidentally for computers to interpret and execute.
Perl goes against every rule in the
Re:Look: Programming in Perl is Simply Irresponsib (Score:2)
O.K. Why don't you start with listing a single specific?
Re:That's like eating just one potato chip! (Score:2)
Nothing. Unless you want to write like you do C/C++ or shell scripting in Perl(that is what may people do).
If you follow the style guide and conventions, you will be able to write concise, elegant code in Perl. Hmmm... It's like English. You can write poetry or you can spew out illiterate gibberish. One has to invest some time in studying Perl. It grows on you.
S
Re:That's like eating just one potato chip! (Score:2)
It's sad how many Perl programmers have invested so much prescious time learning their way around Perl's fractally complex syntactic surface area and nip picking legalistic style guides and conventions, that they're unwilling to consider learning other languages. Monolinguistic Perl programmers are afraid to learn other languages because they're under the mistaken belief that programming lang
Re:That's like eating just one potato chip! (Score:2)
What's Wrong with Perl (Score:2)
If you're a Perl programmer who doesn't know what Perl's weaknesses are yourself, and you have to ask me to spell them out for you, then you're an Incompetent Perl Programmer. You should have done that research yourself before deciding to use Perl. Shame on you! Put down the crack pipe and step away from the keyboard.
Incompetent Perl programmers who can't see or admit the fl
Re:What's Wrong with Perl (Score:2)
You can find detractors to any and all languages or systems (just noticing the source of the comments above).
I was not asking you to drink someone else's koolaid, but specifically list what you think is wrong with perl and see if it stands up to scrutiny. That is why your post was rated flamebait in the first degree.
Incidently if you read some of the quotes above and then read the discussions a little further and try to understand what the orignal compl
Perl is like DDT, Asbestos and Lead. (Score:2)
If you didn't already know those points I raised about Perl and the fundamental problems of "DWIM" programming languages, then you're simply not a competent programmer. The information is out there, go look it up and learn it yourself.
My point is that there are a lot of incompetent Perl programmers ou
Re:Look: Programming in Perl is Simply Irresponsib (Score:1)
Re:Look: Programming in Perl is Simply Irresponsib (Score:2)
-Don
Re:Look: Programming in Perl is Simply Irresponsib (Score:1, Funny)
It's like maturbating in public and not cleaning up after yourself.
Yes! whenever I masturbate in public I always wipe it up afterwards! The cashier at the supermarket really appreciated that!
Re:Look: Programming in Perl is Simply Irresponsib (Score:2)
Conjoined Fetus Lady [tvtome.com]
Every Perl programmer should switch to Python. (Score:5, Insightful)
At least, for a month or so.
Knowing multiple languages increases your value as a programmer quadratically. I like to think that languages follow a square law. By doubling the number of languages you know, you quadruple your total skill and marketability as a programmer.
I've done significant stuff in both languages and there are definitely tasks where Python is better -- for example, command-and-control, super-high-level types of apps, which coordinate large systems of smaller programs. And Perl is vastly superior in other situations, such as processing enormous wads of data and formatting output. I've even written hybrid programs where Python and Perl code intertwine.
Step outside your box. You don't have to love the language you're learning, but consider it an investment in yourself. Saving money sucks too, but it's still a good idea.
Re:Every Perl programmer should switch to Python. (Score:2, Informative)
Now I use Pythons re() module which takes a little getting used to. While I'm at it, for those of you that write complex or deep regular expressions where re() craps out, there is a much more stable legacy module called pre() that seems to be undocumented. It works exactly like re(). The only difference, it trades speed for stability.
Re:Every Perl programmer should switch to Python. (Score:3, Insightful)
Different syntax and different libraries will open your mind a little. But when a language encourages (or forces) you to think differently, that's where your "square law" starts to kick in.
Re:Every Perl programmer should switch to Python. (Score:2)
If you're a "$LANGUAGE Programmer"... (Score:4, Insightful)
As the parent post says, knowing multiple languages is good. One of my pet annoyances is hearing people describe themselves as a programmer for a specific language -- there are many more out there, and to say you only do one speaks volumes about the lack of breadth of experience you posess.
And don't just stick with imperative object-oriented languages. Try a few declarative languages, like Haskell (functional) or Prolog (logic). Yes, getting your head around them is hard. But you'll be glad you did.
Disclaimer: I'm a student doing an MSc in Computer Science, and by lines of code, most of what I wrote in the last twelve months was Perl, and was completely unrelated to my thesis
Re:If you're a "$LANGUAGE Programmer"... (Score:2, Interesting)
You're a little bit off there. Haskell is not declarative. It's just functional, as you said. Prolog is declarative though.
If you want to try a nice variety of languages here's what I suggest:
C - 'nuf said.
Java or C# - Good application programming languages. Similar enough for learning purposes that it doesn't matter which you use. If you want to get into the inner workings, both are very interesting systems to learn about.
Pe
Re:Every Perl programmer should switch to Python. (Score:1)
It doesn't take much googling to figure out a growing number of very experienced programmers are "discovering" python and the most common comment is something similiar to "...fun to program again..."
Python is a main stay at my work place. A language that doesn't get in your way, you can just solve problems and create solutions.
But, perl isn't going away. It's simply magic for one liners.
Have you tried Ruby? (Score:4, Insightful)
Ruby [ruby-lang.org] to Python. No indentation hassles with Ruby, for example. You'll also like the way Ruby does OO compared to Perl OO. More [rubyforge.org] Rubilicious [ruby-doc.org] links... [rubygarden.org]
Also, The Pragmatic Programmers [pragmaticprogrammer.com] have released a new edition of Programming Ruby that's a great intro and reference to the language - go buy it from their website.
Ruby: Because I can't wait around for Perl 6 to get finished
Re:Have you tried Ruby? (Score:5, Informative)
As a background to my choice, here's what I use it for:
I tend to write primarily for the Win32 platform and most of my applications have GUI front-ends they speak to MySQL databases, and often also control third party applications via COM. Aside from the COM stuff (the apps I'm controlling are only available for Win32 anyway) my software is fully cross-platform which is desireable. I love and use GNU/Linux extensively, and am starting to see an interest from the SME market which is encouraging.
I've used Python a lot and Perl a fair bit, plus I've looked at and thoroughly expected to fall in love with Ruby and Lua. I didn't.
I've realised that all four languages are so similar in many respects, that it's very difficult to convince a person using one to convert to another unless they have a very specific need. So it's just not worth trying.
If the language you are using does the job for you, then stick with it. Once you know the work-arounds for its deficiencies (and they all have them) then there is even less reason to change.
Trying to be objective, here's how I find each of the languages:
Python - Extremely easy to pick up, which is actually good for experienced programmers as well, but at the same time very flexible and powerful. Very readable and easily maintainable code. Good range of libraries (but nowhere near as many as Perl) which all stick closely to a well established "pythonic" way of doing things. You don't have to choose from a dozen different libraries that all claim to do the same job. The interactive shell is also remarkably useful for experimentation and debugging. Most good programmers indent their code anyway, and I don't know anyone that found the forced indentation a problem unless they were deliberately being arguamentative. The concept of packages is very simple and neat - you don't need to do anything special to allow importing of your code. Object orientation is very flexible, straight-forward and powerful. There are a large number of precompiled libraries with installers for Win32 platforms - don't ever underestimate how important this is in when using scripting languages in the current commercial environment. Extensive and uniform use of dot notation. Good range of freely available cross-platform IDEs. Like most Python bindings, those to GUI libraries are generally much easier to work with than the original C libraries.
Perl - Very powerful but extensive use of special characters rather than keywords can tend to result in code which needs reading several times to fully comprehend. Having built-in regular expressions is both useful and powerful, but only adds to the problem of making code less readable. Th eobject orientated aspects of the language are very much bolted on, and far from elegant. Functionaly they're quite capable, but certainly not pretty. It's very easy to code in your own style with several ways of doing the same thing, not necessarily a bad thing, but it does means there is more to learn of the core language if you want to be confident about being able to maintain code written by others. You do feel that you have flexibility in your choice of coding style which is always nice. Immense number of additional libraries, available from one source - the wonderful CPAN - but there is also a good deal of duplication, and you need to spend time evaluating the options to find one that has the features you need and works the way you'd like. Packages have to be written or at least bundled up as such. That said, it's available by default on *nix systems, it's also very closely tied into the operating system and shell which makes OS related stuff in Perl a breeze. Win32 support is available, but Perl is only truly at home in a *nix environment. The bindings to most cross platform GUIs are aften more complicated and difficult to use than the C equivalents.
Ruby -
Re:Have you tried Ruby? (Score:2)
The new second edition Programming Ruby by Dave Thomas & co. has an excellent section on built-in classes and modules that starts at page 427 and goes to page 777 - and even it is not exhaustive. I've done Ruby programming for pay and I've not found that Ruby was lacking any functionality that I've needed. Sure, Perl's CPAN is bigger than Ruby's RAA, but there's quite a bit of redundancy in the CPAN as well. I suspect that we're ga
Re:Have you tried Ruby? (Score:2)
A nice clean container for publishing objects and frameworks for logging, testing, cron, and remote objects.
Re:Have you tried Ruby? (Score:1)
Re:Have you tried Ruby? (Score:1)
Re:Have you tried Ruby? (Score:2)
Unlike perl they are scattered all over the web and you'll have to google for the module you think you need. There is no equivalent of perl -MCPAN so installation of the modules can be a pain if there there are dependencies.
"You don't have to choose from a dozen different libraries that all claim to do the same job."
This is flat out false. There are lots of SOAP libr
Re:Have you tried Ruby? (Score:1)
Re:Have you tried Ruby? (Score:1)
This is always brought up - oh no, Python enforces indentation. This is not a hassle - five minutes using Python and you won't even notice!
Re:Have you tried Ruby? (Score:2)
Indentation sometimes gets screwed up when you move a chunk of text around. Sometimes you 'fail to proceed' when you run tests and it's because of a screwed up indentation. It's easy enough to diagnose and pretty easy to fix, but it is a hassle.
Also, if you have a crappy text editor (or if you have crap skillz) you can get in trouble when you have to indent a chunk of text. Not a big hassle, just a little one.
Despite these two exception, python's me
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:2)
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:2)
For python code: insanely easy, modules and packages are just files and directories, and your own libraries snap into the place just like they were part of the stdlib.
For C/C++: still rather easy, even if you do it manually, with pyrex or swig, it's even better. The best part is, you call C extension just like you a python module, there's no difference in whatsoever, programmer using the
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:2)
Haskell is superb for mathematical problems, partly because the syntax is very mathematical, partly because the compiler implementation is well optimised for that kind of problem. (I often wonder why it doesn't get more use for stuff like encryption). Completely Open Source, of course.
Python is wondrous for network-related stuff - its a real strength of the language - and also seems to get alot of use as a language for installations and mods.
Perl i
Re:Look, I program in Perl (Score:3, Interesting)
print "Who are you?"
name = stdin.readline().strip()
print "I'm glad to meet you, %s." % name
Overly verbose and complicated, you can write this in two lines and save an import as well as the need to know stdin is a file object to boot. And string formatter operator is not instantly clear, especially to a person who hasn't used printf(), not everyone has C background.
How about
As the author says... (Score:5, Insightful)
Is it? If you are, as the author says, someone familiar with Python but you have no clue about network concepts or programming, perhaps this book isn't for you. The first 100 pages or so are all intro to networking; after that, you have specific Python networking programming topics. Perhaps you'd be better suited with a networking book and then this book (sans the first 100 pages).
I've read a few books on programming languages and when they decide that the reader needs an intro to something, they usually provide pretty poor coverage of that topic. You end up being lost after you get done with the intro section. I did this when I was learning some encryption programming... before I could start actually writing code that deals with encryption, I needed a solid base. Instead of trying to teach me all I needed to know, the reference I was using pointed me at the industry's best encryption and security books and authors (like Bruce Schneier).
Disclaimer: Not having read this particular book, maybe this one is different. I don't know.
Re:As the author says... (Score:2)
If you are doing your own encryption, it's going to be easily crackable. Encryption is definitely something that needs to be done in a peer-reviewed library.
What's wrong with, say, SSL?
Encryption Programming and Canned Libraries (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:As the author says... (Score:2)
Re:As the author says... (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:As the author says... (Score:5, Insightful)
Having read the book, I understand socket programming, general network programming, and could probably design and implement my own application protocol -- badly, of course, but still... Could I have done this prior to reading this book? No. Did this book make it easy to pick up the necessary background, as well as make it easy to pick up the specifics of network programming in Python? Yes.
This is a great book, and is a must-have for Python programmers.
Python makes Windows fun (Score:4, Interesting)
I used to be a huge Linux buff (and still am when it comes to servers), but intelligent tools like Python make using Windows XP Home a much more fruitful and fun experience as I can actually get stuff done programmatically. Go Python developers and keep up the good work!!!
Re:Python makes Windows fun (Score:2)
Python Web Programming (Score:2, Informative)
It also had a brief Python tutorial in it, but I kind of skipped over that, so I can't vouch for that part. The rest of the book will definitely teach you a bit about network programming, web/database programming, and things of that nature. For most of the /. programmers it might be pretty old hat since they were doing this stuff in the womb, but for unexperience programmers such as myself, I found it helpful.
Civ IV moddable with python (Score:4, Interesting)
OT - sig (Score:1)
Re:OT - sig (Score:1)
Re:OT - sig (Score:1)
Re:OT - sig (Score:1)
I never really got into 'hjkl' as navigation keys, as even when playing the ports on my Amiga 500 I had a numberpad to use instead
Re:Civ IV moddable with python (Score:2)
A bunch of friends and I were talking about civ 3 the other day, and how the biggest feature it lacks is some player useable scripting engine. I hope that it will be flexible and allow things such as iterating through all cities and setting production to cavalry where net shields are greater than 15 per turn, except if the city has no barracks, in which case set production to that. It's a pain to do by hand.
Re:Civ IV moddable with python (Score:2)
Google groups psoting (Score:1)
http://groups.google.com/ groups?q=Foundations+of+Python+Network+Programming &hl=en&lr=&selm=mailman.3337.1095202643.5135.pytho n-announce-list%40python.org&rnum=1
How many Foundations? (Score:5, Funny)
Re:How many Foundations? (Score:2)
Re:How many Foundations? (Score:1)
Re:How many Foundations? (Score:2)
For a minute there... (Score:2, Funny)
For a minute there I really did think the title "Foundations of Python Network Programming" indicated that a new Python Network was being created for television and that they were laying the foundations and discussing what the programming schedule would be.
Seriously, no joke. And by the way, a Python Network would be beat the Game Show Network [gsn.com] hands down !!!
The Agony of SOAP/WSDL (Score:2, Interesting)
The usual way involves a pageful of obscure code, and having to use obtuse WSDL descriptor files and code generators to give you classes.
But, hey, python can generate classes and methods on the fly. So getting the temperature at zip code 90210 becomes a one-liner after some standard imports:
I'm n
Python == good (Score:3, Interesting)
Python caused me to change my layout for code, almost instantly eliminating a big problem with c-like code: the missing brace.
Most code is structured like this: In this small segment, notice that there are to sets of braces - and they don't line up at all. You have to mentally follow the code after "fubar" and see that after the condition "if (c())" in order to mentally track the state of the braces.
Compare this to
(slashdot's ECODE filter sux0rs)
If you could see it, you'd notice that the braces line up. The opening and closing braces for the condition "if (c()))" are indented one more than the braces for function Fubar() which are indented more than the line "Function fubar()" itself.
Thus, you merely have to follow the indents to match the opening/closing braces. As a result of this change, I spend less than 5 minutes per week matching up braces without the need for an IDE to match them up for me.
Python seems to be a good language (I like that you can compiles sections of a Python program in c to improve performance without rewriting the whole program) but it's concepts of layout certainly carry beyond Python itself!
Re:Python == good (Score:2)
void function(args){
if (<cond>) {
<body>
}
}
See how the closing brace for the if lines up with the if itself?
Re:Python == good (Score:1)
Re: (Score:2)
Re:Easiest review to skip (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Easiest review to skip (Score:2)
Re:Easiest review to skip (Score:2)
Re:Easiest review to skip (Score:2)
Re:A better article... (Score:1)