Scientists Scan Striking Nanoscale Images

BotnetZombie writes "Wired has up an article/gallery with very impressive images from the nanoworlds around us, and little stories for each picture. Besides giving an inspiring insight into the world of very little things, images of this kind can help scientists in many fields get a better handle on their subjects."

Interesting

[Azh Nazg]

This is quite an interesting set of pictures; quite some beautiful bits of microscopy. My compliments to all the scientists out there bored enough/interested enough to work on and with scanning tunneling microscopes.

meh

[radimvice]

personally, i don't think it's that big of a deal...

Re:huhuhuh...

[Basehart]

"images of this kind can help scientists in many fields get a better handle on their subjects"

Say no more!

Scale

[XanC]

Notice how the scale on one of them says 470nm? Isn't that something in the neighborhood of green?Unreal!

(I think they may have faked the color.....)

AFM

[mosb1000]

Yeah, obviously you can't use light to generate images on this scale. This is one of the factors limiting the microelectronics industry, since they use photolithography, the minimum-feature size is limited by the wavelength of light being used. This is why they are interested in electron-beam, and x-ray lithography. Many of these images were generated using an AFM, which essentially scans a very fine tipped needle over the surface being imaged.

It's funny that people are saying these are photoshoped, since it is impossible to use visible light to image objects this small.

Re:

[gardyloo]

Perhaps, although the article (what there is of it) specifically says these are STM images, not AFM. There's considerable difference.

Re:

[gardyloo]

I apologize. The front page implied that they were mostly STM images, but going through the article revealed several AFM and even an EFM image.

Counter Culture

[mosb1000]

Yeah, I'm probably the first poster in the history of slashdot that took the time to read the article before posting a comment. I just did it because I like to be contrary.

In all fairness a scanning-tunneling microscope is similar to an AFM in that it scans it's probe across the surface being imaged. The article also points out that the probe can be used to manipulate matter on the atomic level. When I was in college I used and AFM to manipulate nano-wires. That's not as impressive as moving around individual boron atoms, but it's still pretty cool.

I'm a fan of AFM, because it's a lot cheaper and easier, and because I worked with an AFM back in college.

Re:

[CannonballHead]

Yeah, I'm probably the first poster in the history of slashdot that took the time to read the article before posting a comment. I just did it because I like to be contrary. That was quite entertaining and humorous.

Re:

[mrhartwig]

That was quite entertaining and humorous.

And almost certainly true.

Re:

[eyendall]

"I apologize"??? Dangerous talk. This guy must be banned immediately from /.

Re:

[Btarlinian]

This is one of the factors limiting the microelectronics industry, since they use photolithography, the minimum-feature size is limited by the wavelength of light being used. This is why they are interested in electron-beam, and x-ray lithography.

Sorry to nitpick, but while what you are saying is true, (i.e., wavelength of light limits feature size), practically no one wants to actually use e-beam or real x-ray lithography, mainly because the light sources are tremendously expensive. (The only viable source for real x-ray lithography i.e.,

Re:

[Bender_]

470nm is huge. In the semiconductor industry structures within single digit nm range are routinely surveyed using SEM and TEM.

Re:

[dstj]

(I think they may have faked the color.....)

Colors used in STM or AFM images are added simply to help "understand" an image better. Unlike optical microscopes, which can zoom onto a tiny surface, STM and AFM don't use light. STM technology works by measuring a very tiny electrical current that jumps between a surface and the metal tip of the microscope when it's close enough (a few nm). AFM works by measuring the bending of a cantilever when its tiny tip is being scrapped from side to side on a surface.

Re:

[spvo]

I hope your joking and I'm just missing the humor. These are not computer simulations any more than a radar map is a computer simulation of the earth. In both cases you get very accurate depth measurements of the surface of a material. So a computer is being used to draw the image, but it's drawing exactly what the object actually looks like.

Re:Woot

[QuantumG]

http://xkcd.com/331/ [xkcd.com]

Perhaps this will help.

Re:

[Nowhere.Men]

but it's drawing exactly what the object actually looks like.

Exactly may be a little strong word to use at this scale. Heisenberg and the quantum mechanics people would disagree.
There is a small probability that the object is in fact completely different than what you measured.
In fact, there is a very small chance that what you were measuring have tunneled somewhere else.

pictures are all well and good

[Anonymous Coward]

but was does it smell like?

Re:

[springbox]

Smells like trouble. The inhaled nanoparticles cause unknown interactions with your body over time.

Strike? What strike?

[HiggsBison]

Nanoscale images are on strike?

Best article in months

[Capt'n Hector]

That was truly fascinating. I never even knew these types of microscopes existed. Thank you, /..

beautiful but...

[harkabeeparolyn]

These are beautiful images, but they are so alien that they could be complete CG fakes and we'd be none the wiser. Since nothing really sees anything else ast those scales and the images are all false-color nonsense, maybe the best way to experience objects at these scales is some kind of touch interface.

And keep the monkey frog away from my bagels. Yuck.

Re:beautiful but...

[thrawn_aj]

images are all false-color nonsense, maybe the best way to experience objects at these scales is some kind of touch interface.

False colors != nonsense. Just think of them as XY graphs with RGB values for heights and/or other physical properties (sometimes conductivity or even tunneling barriers). If you think of them as "real" pictures in the sense of everyday "seeing", it is obvious that they won't live up to your expectations. After all, every sense we have (except for the esp nutjobs) involves us (at least qualitatively) measuring the physical properties (reflectivity, heat, atomic binding forces, chemical composition and air density fluctuations) of objects around us (match the properties to their commonly used names :P). In that broader sense, STM, SEM and AFM are extensions to our sense, measuring more exotic properties at more outlandish length scales. IN fact, they measure the properties precisely and quantitatively, with no ambiguities as our own limited senses do.

And touch interfaces, using the same criteria for judgment (criteria that I do not endorse), would be quite absurd as touch (the way we feel it intuitively) ceases to have meaning at length scales several orders of magnitude higher than the nanoworld. We're talking single electrons tunneling from samples to STM tips. That's how an STM "touches" the specimen.

As for looking alien, EVERYTHING that you cannot see with your unaided eyes is alien on a gut level. This is merely one more step down the road of machine-aided sight. I do take your point about these STM images though. That is simply because it is still a young field and fast scanning is still in development. I don't have the citation handy (and it's WAYYY to late here to look it up - it was a physics group at Cornell headed by K. Schwab) but they have already made breakthroughs in performing fast scans, enough to make flyby movies using an STM.

This is analogous to the history of the SEM (the regular electron microscope, essentially e-beams instead of light, but working off the same optical principles). Today's SEM pictures look like the masterpieces dreamed of by a crazy alien high on meth. My faith in artistic vision falls far short of it being able to dream up something like that. Trite I know, but truth is truly stranger than fiction. No Picasso can conceive of, or paint the landscapes uncovered by these fantastic instruments.

Heck, when I worked on an SEM at times, it took all my resolve to not lose myself for my alloted time (several hundred dollars per hour I might add :P) zooming in more and more and more ... on what was essentially a dust speck, or chemical debris. It's a whole 'nuther world down there folks. Feels like Fantastic Voyage when you go and visit. Things look disturbingly familiar but you know they're not. That feeling, greatly magnified, must be what a future explorer might feel when he/she steps onto a brand new planet.

Re:

[SoupIsGoodFood_42]

On those scales, a touch interface would have the same problems, I would have thought.

printing

[HeavensFire]

FTA - "Yang is currently working on the development of a nanoscale printing press."

and 'fine print' writers rejoice.

Atom-Probe Tomography

[Anonymous Coward]

These images are very pretty, but the techniques aren't as neat as atom-probe tomography, which yields 3-D atom-by-atom reconstructions. A few images show precipitates in metallic alloys, interfaces in semiconductors, and more. [northwestern.edu]

Re:

[Goldsmith]

I think scanning probe microscopy wins on "neatness" simply because it is a non-destructive measurement. APT is from the particle physics school of experimental design: blow the sample up and see what comes out, that's kind of messy.

Hmmmmm.....

[IHC Navistar]

Image #2 (the "crater) looks like anything but a precisely crafted crater. It just looks like a hole that was burned into the substrate. Everything else though is pretty neat.

Maps

[smoker2]

This one [wired.com] looks like a great map for Unreal Tournament !

Painfully scaled

[AlpineR]

I am a SiGe quantum dot researcher. You see that first image with SiGe quantum dots "a mere 15 nanometers high and 70 nanometers in diameter"? They are shallow mounds, not long spikes. It's a shame they blew up the vertical scale like that, since the dots have interesting features like facets, atomic steps, and clearly visible atomic dimers aligned in rows if you look at them in true perspective.