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Earth

Global Meat-Eating Is On the Rise, Bringing Surprising Benefits (economist.com) 198

"As Africans get richer, they will eat more meat and live longer, healthier lives," writes the Economist.

PolygamousRanchKid shares their report: In the decade to 2017 global meat consumption rose by an average of 1.9% a year and fresh dairy consumption by 2.1% -- both about twice as fast as population growth. Almost four-fifths of all agricultural land is dedicated to feeding livestock, if you count not just pasture but also cropland used to grow animal feed... It is largely through eating more pork and dairy that Chinese diets have come to resemble Western ones, rich in protein and fat. And it is mostly because their diets have altered that Chinese people have changed shape. The average 12-year-old urban boy was nine centimetres taller in 2010 than in 1985, the average girl seven centimetres taller. Boys in particular have also grown fatter...

The shift from pork to beef in the world's most populous country is bad news for the environment. Because pigs require no pasture, and are efficient at converting feed into flesh, pork is among the greenest of meats. Cattle are usually much less efficient, although they can be farmed in different ways. And because cows are ruminants, they belch methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. A study of American farm data in 2014 estimated that, calorie for calorie, beef production requires three times as much animal feed as pork production and produces almost five times as much greenhouse gases. Other estimates suggest it uses two and a half times as much water...

Sub-Saharan Africans currently have tiny carbon footprints because they use so little energy -- excluding South Africa, the entire continent produces about as much electricity as France. The armies of cattle, goats and sheep will raise Africans' collective contribution to global climate change, though not to near Western or Chinese levels. People will probably become healthier, though. Many African children are stunted (notably small for their age) partly because they do not get enough micronutrients such as Vitamin A. Iron deficiency is startlingly common. In Senegal a health survey in 2017 found that 42% of young children and 14% of women are moderately or severely anaemic. Poor nutrition stunts brains as well as bodies. Animal products are excellent sources of essential vitamins and minerals. Studies in several developing countries have shown that giving milk to schoolchildren makes them taller. Recent research in rural western Kenya found that children who regularly ate eggs grew 5% faster than children who did not; cow's milk had a smaller effect.

A meat industry spokesman from the U.S. Meat Export Federation tells the Economist that "Unlike decades ago, there are no longer large chunks of the population out there that are not yet eating meat."
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Global Meat-Eating Is On the Rise, Bringing Surprising Benefits

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  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday May 05, 2019 @03:15PM (#58542558)
    As Africans get richer, they will become much healthier than vegans.
    • by PPH ( 736903 )

      much healthier than vegans

      Then maybe the Feed The Children TV ads can stop featuring poor little Kaimbi and show some underfed offspring of hipsters instead.

    • by Jalfro ( 1025153 )
      Yeah, right. That's why vegans are so short.
  • by SuperKendall ( 25149 ) on Sunday May 05, 2019 @03:16PM (#58542560)

    Contrary to the summary, the more people that eat fart-generating-cows, the better off everyone is.

    Don't believe me? India, which worships cows and refuses to eat the fart-emitting monsters, is very high [scidev.net] on the countries contributing to climate change.

    • It's difficult to say since younger ones are also raised, so the number is roughly some constant. Also some of them aren't killed for years for milking.
      • by sfcat ( 872532 )

        It's difficult to say since younger ones are also raised, so the number is roughly some constant. Also some of them aren't killed for years for milking.

        You know how I can tell you have never set foot on a farm? Breeds of cows are divided into milk cows and meat cows. The milk cows are never killed unless its to save them from suffering a disease which is already terminal. Meat cows are killed at a specific time after their birth.

        Of all the topics that hipsters talk about, Agriculture is probably the one they are most consistently wrong about. I've seriously heard a vegan drone on about ag for an hour without ever saying anything remotely resembling a

        • by dryeo ( 100693 )

          And what happens the male offspring of the milking varieties?

        • You know how I can tell you have never set foot on a farm? Breeds of cows are divided into milk cows and meat cows. The milk cows are never killed unless its to save them from suffering a disease which is already terminal. Meat cows are killed at a specific time after their birth.

          What was principally wrong in the sentence "Also some of them aren't killed for years for milking"? This didn't imply that there are no specialized breeds of cows, some of the cows are for meat, some are kept for milk, whether they're specialized breeds or not, doesn't matter. Cows produce methane in any case and the emissions are roughly proportional to the number of live cows. So the solution isn't in eating more cows, but in reducing cow breeding.

    • by Anonymous Coward

      Are you silly? This would be true if we eat the cows to extinction, but not if we keep and breed them to eat them then and to breed and keep more of them. It just doesn't help one bit if you eat one cow and then raise another one to eat it later and so on. This will net you one eternal cow that farts methane all the time. Eating them and not breeding new ones (and then not having any cows to eat anymore) would help, yes.

      • Also we could give them supplements to reduce their methane output, but it wouldn't reduce their carbon footprint from growing their feed(disturbing soil creates a lot of greenhouse gasses). https://www.technologyreview.c... [technologyreview.com]
      • by Anonymous Coward
        Beef, it's what's for dinner! I yell that at cows as I drive by. Proud member of PETA - People Eating Tasty Animals - here. Beef - I don't care if they fart or belch or whatever. It is what I am going to eat. All the rest of you can eat those god damn bugs that food scientists think we should all be eating. It is a cheese burger for me.
    • by macraig ( 621737 )

      One problem with your bovine-population-control logic: excluding the religious whackos in India, there would be far fewer cattle in existence - perhaps to the extinction-level number zero - if humans hadn't domesticated them and become reliant upon them for food and other materials. So, simply not finding them useful is an even better way to control the population than eating them.

      • by Anne Thwacks ( 531696 ) on Sunday May 05, 2019 @08:13PM (#58543762)
        Another problem would appear to be the argument that the land used for cows (and sheep) could be used for growing grain is rubbish. That might be true in America, but here in the UK, cows are either:

        Grown on land which cannot be used for grain because it is unsuitable for machinery, or
        Grown on land as part of crop rotation - the animals fertilise the land ready for the next crop as part of a four or five year cycle - so the land has successfully remained in continuous use for hundreds of years.

        There is no alternative use for most of this land, and the cows are primarily grown for milk, the vast majority of bulls, and excess cows, being sent for slaughter and eaten. I assume most of Europe is similar.

        In winter, the cows are fed with hay made from the stalks of the grain crops (not otherwise useful). We no longer make thatched roofs with it - we have very few thatched roofs, and reeds make better thatch.

        AFAICT, in West Africa, cows are, as they always have been, like their owners, nomadic, and fertilise land used for other crops at other times, and there is no winter. I believe East Africa is similar, but I have not been there.

        I have no experience of the Americas (other than seeing them on TV).

        • The UK is meant to be covered in sense woodland. Saying this land can't support people without livestock is like saying g you:be given up all hope I'm science providing a solution. I'm sure with the right machinery and selective breeding the UK could grow a tonne of different crops on this so called 'marginal' land. We used to have a thriving cobnut industry here for example. And let's not forget what the majority of these livestock are fed on, normally feed based on soy grown elsewhere. Growing up in a f
        • Vast swaths of the US used for cattle production are absolutely useless for any sort of grain crop.

    • if we didn't breed more after we ate them.
    • One word: Coal.
      YOu lose
    • We (Hindus) don't worship cows as much refuse to partake meat of the animal whose milk we drink.

      We treat the animal lovingly as a mother.

      Jews have a similar concept in that they don't cook veal in milk, it's emotional, you may not understand.

      Cows are like dogs in American society.

      I speak this as an American Indian who has lived in the USA since 2000 and used to love the Big Mac and gave it up when I saw what it was doing to my health.

      \\// Peace, Live long and Prosper.

      • It wasn't the beef in the Big Mac that hurt your health, it was the bread and condiments. If you only ate the burger patty and cheese, you'd be so much better off.

        The Jewish prohibition on mixing meat and dairy comes from a specific verse in the Pentateuch which forbids boiling a goat kid in its mother's milk.

        • Well, its not just physical health but mental and spiritual wellbeing.

          Ancient Hindu/Yogic texts 5000 years old and their philosophical arguments on the Law of Karma and Reincarnation up the evolutionary food chain and the Karmic consequences (physical, and mental) of causing undue pain to living beings when other means of nutrition are plenty available seem pretty obvious to me in retrospect, having reduced my meat intake.

          To each his/her own, however...Hinduism has never been about imposing ones beliefs up

      • Off topic, but "American Indian" generally is used to refer to the tribes native to the Americas such as the Crow, Blackfeet, Navajo, and Apache.

    • ... India, ...is very high [scidev.net] on the countries contributing to climate change.

      It's called "Coal"

  • Other "benefit" (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward on Sunday May 05, 2019 @03:19PM (#58542576)

    And it is mostly because their diets have altered that Chinese people have changed shape. The average 12-year-old urban boy was nine centimetres taller in 2010 than in 1985, the average girl seven centimetres taller. Boys in particular have also grown fatter...

    Women cup sizes have also increased.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday May 05, 2019 @03:20PM (#58542580)

    Of all the mammals on the planet by mass (as a rough measure of ecological footprint) about 30% are humans, 65% are the animals (of a few species) we keep to eat them. The remaining 5% are wild animals.

    If anyone still thinks the world is just "nature" with humanity a part of it, it's actually pretty much the opposite of that: The world is a badly managed farm, with "nature" being the weeds along the ditches.

  • ... how in the fuck can anyone take this article seriously. This is like the old tobacco advertisements that said smoking is good for your health. I'm not telling anyone to stop eating meat, but your conscience should not be clear; You are harming the environment and you can be just as healthy eating vegetarian or vegan with a little education.
    • by Luckyo ( 1726890 )

      Careful what you wish for. If you were to get actual education, rather than science denial common in vegan circles, you'd quickly find out that one of the key aspects of uplifting people out of poverty throughout human history involved increasing their intake of meat in a dramatic fashion.

      • It’s not so much meat as protein, but historically that meant meat and still does without globalization since most parts of the world don’t have native plants with high protein content. Lack of protein during early development is utterly devastating to brain development. It’s about as bad as huffing paint.
  • by xack ( 5304745 ) on Sunday May 05, 2019 @03:31PM (#58542638)
    This is a interesting coincidence.
  • by skam240 ( 789197 ) on Sunday May 05, 2019 @03:34PM (#58542672)

    Meat production / consumption provides an interesting dilemma for humanity going forward. On one hand, a diet that includes meat is typically much more complete in terms of nutrition. No one who eats a properly balanced diet that includes meat needs to take synthetic vitamins to make up for dietary deficiencies. On the other hand, calorie for calorie, meat product is an incredibly unproductive means of producing basic sustenance in a world that is become increasingly resource scarce.

    Personally, I think western society needs to get over their dumb-shit distaste over eating insects and also need to get over the fact that someday their steaks might come from a lab rather than a slaughterhouse. Both issues are purely personal bias and have nothing to do with sound reasoning. A while ago I had the opportunity to have a meal worm taco ( none of our conventionally farmed animals are native to the Americas so denser populations like in central America had to find other easy sources of animal protein ) and it was fucking delicious. The fried meal worms had a very nice mildly nutty flavor to them and a really nice crunchy chew.

    • by Anonymous Coward

      Manchester, Northwest England. There's a vitamin D deficiency epidemic, not due to dietary reasons though but due to the fact it rains every bloody day. No amount of dietary changes will fix it.

    • I normally eat steak three nights a week and I have no qualms with lab grown meat. In the long run it’s even better since the amount of control is more exact and can be tuned to maximize flavor. It also means vegetarians and vegans can join in and enjoy a good meal.
      • I live in a blue bubble in Cambridge, MA and work with a lot of (vegetarian) Indians. About half the people I am around are vegetarians and I am around more vegans than I can stand. While Impossible burgers are interesting, who cares? Vegetarians are put off by something "bloody" as they find the notion of slaughter to be disgusting. Meat eaters can eat real meat for much cheaper.

        First of all, unless your religion or culture frown upon eating meat, you either dislike meat or like the image of not b
        • by skam240 ( 789197 )

          It's like you've buried your head in the sand and made yourself willfully ignorant on this subject.

          The issue for those of us who eat meat (and which I made perfectly clear in my initial post) is that meat production is a massively inefficient means of food production and is not sustainable in its current context given the rising affluence of the third world. If you're around my age (40) or older then you've already seen massive price increases for both beef and seafood in the context of our increasingly glo

          • If you're around my age (40) or older then you've already seen massive price increases for both beef and seafood in the context of our increasingly global food supply and this is truly just the bare beginning.

            Kids...

            FYI, retail beef prices are running just about at the rate of inflation over the last half century. Wholesale prices of beef have fallen when adjusted for inflation....

            • by skam240 ( 789197 )

              Jackasses...

              Beef's price inflation has been on average .26% higher than general inflation http://www.in2013dollars.com/B... [in2013dollars.com] . Compound that annually and it starts to add up.

              Or how about on a more recent time scale? In the last twenty years beef prices have been increasing at a rate 1.86% higher than inflation http://www.in2013dollars.com/B... [in2013dollars.com] . This means that since 2000 the price of beef has more than doubled.

        • This feels like a narrow sample size so I wanted to add a another data point in response.

          Most vegetarians or vegans I know in the UK choose to be so due to the same reasoning you aspire to... reduction of their carbon footprint.

          And because of the increased levels of cruelty associated with industrial farming practices.

          The percentage who don't like the taste or the idea of killing an animal is relatively minor.

          • Most vegetarians or vegans I know in the UK choose to be so due to the same reasoning you aspire to... reduction of their carbon footprint.

            And because of the increased levels of cruelty associated with industrial farming practices.

            The percentage who don't like the taste or the idea of killing an animal is relatively minor.

            Come on...really?....really?....do you truly believe that in your heart of hearts?

            Maybe you're right. I've only met the people from the UK who come to America and a few when I travel there, but I have never lived there.

            So the only thing keeping you from eating a giant cheeseburger is that it came from an animal?...so you'd go carnivore just like the rest of us if it was cruelty free (like grown in a lab) and had the same carbon footprint as a pound of tofu? I would be very surprised if the answer wa

        • Let me clarify the sacred cow notion.

          We (Hindus) don't worship cows as much refuse to partake meat of the animal whose milk we drink.

          We treat the animal lovingly as a mother.

          Jews have a similar concept in that they don't cook veal in milk, it's emotional, you may not understand.

          Cows are like dogs in American society.

          I speak this as an American Indian who has lived in the USA since 2000 and used to love the Big Mac and gave it up when I saw what it was doing to my health.

          \\// Peace, Live long and Prosper.

        • Take a different perspective: It is a solution to a RESTAURANT INDUSTRY problem. (And perhaps other political situations.) Fewer groups go out to eat from work because of the difficulty in satisfying the vegetarian/vegan/religious-restriction/diet members of the group? Every family has a teenager or two on some fad diet? Then to survive, restaurants have to find ways of satisfying more different diets. For example, the NYC-area chain Bareburger (how much more meat-focused a name could you want?), which
        • by TheSync ( 5291 )

          Modern science has yet to be able to quantify the benefits of not eating meat.

          A combined analysis of data from five prospective studies involving more than 76,000 participants showed that vegetarians were, on average, 25% less likely to die of heart disease.

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      I think eating insects will be a hard sell. Lab grown meat and not-meat like the Impossible Burger seem like more practical alternatives.

      • by skam240 ( 789197 )

        Maybe yes and maybe no.

        Based off my own personal experience I firmly believe that, in a modern context, if you took your typical meat eater and forced them to slaughter their meat prior to consuming it you would very quickly find a lot of vegetarians.That opinion is not at all scientific and certainly doesnt hold true to myself but I really do think there's some real truth there.

        Given that, what then is the problem with eating insects? It's purely perception and can be spun many ways. Cows are actually kind

      • I probably wouldn't eat a cricket that wasn't covered in chocolate (and that's just my own hangups), but grind it down into flour and I'm not going to care even if you tell me is used to be a piles of bugs. A large portion of people already don't know where their food comes from or how it's made. It's unlikely that they'll care about ingredients coming from insects considering they're already eating beaver ass [wikipedia.org] among other things.
      • by quenda ( 644621 )

        I think eating insects will be a hard sell.

        Can be done. We already eat their arthropod relatives from the ocean.
        Lobsters are just giant cockroaches, crawling on the sea floor and eating garbage, hiding under rocks when the light is on.

        And worse: if people will eat raw oysters, they'll eat anything.

        • Lobsters are just giant cockroaches, crawling on the sea floor and eating garbage, hiding under rocks when the light is on.

          As someone who can't stand lobster, I look forward to pointing this out the next time someone suggests it on a trip to Maine or Boston...

          • Agreed. They're flavorless, expensive squishy meat that tastes like the butter you soak them in. IMO, there are a million better meals that can be had more easily, with less work, and a lot less cost. Find another reason to visit Boston. :) We have a lot of good non-arthropod food too!
            • by skam240 ( 789197 )

              Flavorless? It's perfectly fine to not like lobster but don't just make things up. Lobster has a very rich flavor.

              Of course pallets do differ but you're literally the first person I've heard claim that the meat has no flavor.

    • by Zalbik ( 308903 )

      Nobody who eats a properly balanced diet that excludes meat needs to take synthetic vitamins to make up for dietary deficiencies either. You can get all of your required nutrients from plants, you just have to be slightly more careful about what you eat.

      • by skam240 ( 789197 )

        Here's the first google hit of what you can't get get (or not easily get at least) from plants. https://www.healthline.com/nut... [healthline.com]

    • Personally, I think western society needs to get over their dumb-shit distaste over eating insects and also need to get over the fact that someday their steaks might come from a lab rather than a slaughterhouse.

      Allow me to propose a more modest intermediate step, where we substitute goats for cows. They don't produce so much methane, and they can eat a broader variety of feed than can cows. They can actually be useful for clearing flammable brush... They're natures rakes!

    • by necro81 ( 917438 )

      On one hand, a diet that includes meat is typically much more complete in terms of nutrition. No one who eats a properly balanced diet that includes meat needs to take synthetic vitamins to make up for dietary deficiencies.

      I think that this argument gives far too much cover for the typical western diet. The dietary benefits of meat consumption do not require eating meat in 2-3 meals per day, nor the resource intensity and nauseating awfulness of industrial meat production. And yet, that is supposedly th

      • by skam240 ( 789197 )

        "I think that this argument gives far too much cover for the typical western diet. The dietary benefits of meat consumption do not require eating meat in 2-3 meals per day, nor the resource intensity and nauseating awfulness of industrial meat production."

        I agree to a certain extent. We definitely do not need to eat meat as often as we do and meat production, as I stated before, is certainly inefficient.

        "And yet, that is supposedly the norm, and what the rest of the world aspires to."

        Meat is very vitamin de

  • Vitamin A deficiency is no joke [wikipedia.org]. Don't need to eat meat to overcome that problem, though. There are many solutions.
    • Golden Rice is probably the best thing to happen to the world regarding dealing with Vitamin A deficiency. Unfortunately the kinda of people who vehemently oppose meat also tend to be GMO nutters. I’d like to think there’s a special ring of hell reserved for the idiots who oppose Golden rice.
  • by Anonymous Coward

    pork is among the greenest of meats

    I do not like them, Sam-I-am.

    I do not like

    green eggs and ham.

  • Cows and methane (Score:5, Interesting)

    by kbahey ( 102895 ) on Sunday May 05, 2019 @03:54PM (#58542760) Homepage

    The oft repeated cows are contributing to global warming is not entirely true.

    First, methane has a life span of 10 years. So any new source of methane (e.g. a dairy farm) will not be adding any more methane to the atmosphere after 10 years. Whatever new methane it contributes, will just replace the old portion that is broken down.

    Second, beef and dairy in the USA only contributes a total of 4% greenhouse gas emissions.

    Fossil fuel is where the bulk of greenhouse gas comes from, about 2/3rd of US total (transportation and energy production), and we have been releasing carbon that was sequestered for millions of years in just 200 years.

    Even going vegan for a whole year amounts to just half your share of a single trans-Atlantic flight.

    Details and link in Cows and Climate Change: A Closer Look [www.cbc.ca].

    • by bazorg ( 911295 )

      The Closer Look article you posted makes a reference to how grassland is a useful carbon storage and therefore a positive thing. I think this may be only a small part of the story.
      The way I understood it, the criticism of this sort of agriculture and its relationship with climate change is that more beef production requires more land to be used for cows and converted from [something else] to pasture. This usually works by burning forests, removing old forest and replacing with what the producers consider mo

  • you don't win friends with salad!

  • I thought pork was “the other white meat”. No way I’m gonna be caught eating green meat, no sirree bob.

  • by BlazeMiskulin ( 1043328 ) on Sunday May 05, 2019 @06:36PM (#58543406)

    American farm data in 2014 estimated that, calorie for calorie, beef production requires three times as much animal feed as pork production

    This is meant to say that we need three times as much farmed land to raise a cow as a pig (calorie for calorie). But the summary points out that fallacy:

    Because pigs require no pasture...

    Pigs must be given food--much of which must be grown on arable land (this could be significantly reduced if various laws allowed food waste to be given (or sold) to hog farmers for "slop"). Beef cattle, on the other hand, graze. 2.1 million head of cattle graze on land owned by the US Bureau of Land Management and the US Forestry Service (Citation (pdf) [dailypitchfork.org]). This isn't land that could be farmed.

    Another 634 million acres of private land (in the Lower 48) is grazing land (Citation [usda.gov]) (much of it land that can't be farmed for crops, or which would cause problems if cultivated).

    The data also focuses only on food--which is only one way in which we benefit from cows. Here's a few others [wordpress.com].

    We also get a lot of similar products from pigs. But a pigs are quite a bit smaller than cows, so you have to look at total resources per kilo (and their values, both monetary and otherwise) to make an accurate assessment of where the better investment of resources is.

  • Pork is NOT green (Score:5, Insightful)

    by SoftwareArtist ( 1472499 ) on Sunday May 05, 2019 @08:10PM (#58543752)

    Because pigs require no pasture, and are efficient at converting feed into flesh, pork is among the greenest of meats.

    They should have said, "among the greenest of RED meats". (I know, how can it be red and green at the same time? But anyway.) Pork uses a lot less energy than beef, but chicken uses a lot less than pork [theoildrum.com]. As a rule, poultry and fish are much more efficient to produce than red meat.

  • by Anonymous Coward

    This article brings up one of the rarely discussed pieces of climate change. Is it right to ask sub-saharan African countries to forgo quality of life improvements because they contribute to climate change?

  • A meat industry spokesman from the U.S. Meat Export Federation tells the Economist...

If a subordinate asks you a pertinent question, look at him as if he had lost his senses. When he looks down, paraphrase the question back at him.

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