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Businesses The Almighty Buck Technology

GM and Fiat Chrysler Unmasked As Tesla's Secret Source of Cash (bloomberg.com) 227

For years, Tesla has hauled in revenue by selling credits to other carmakers that needed to offset sales of polluting vehicles to U.S. consumers. While these transactions have largely been shrouded in secrecy, Bloomberg reports that General Motors and Fiat Chrysler have recently disclosed to the state that they reached agreements to buy federal greenhouse gas credits from Tesla. The filings "represent the first acknowledgments from carmakers that they're turning to Tesla for help to comply with intensifying U.S. environmental regulations," the report says. From the report: The deal with GM will come as a surprise to those who thought years of sales of plug-in hybrid Chevrolet Volts and all-electric Chevy Bolts would leave the largest U.S. automaker in the clear with regard to regulatory compliance. But while sales of those models have put GM in a position where it doesn't need extra credits today, demand for its battery-powered vehicles are dwarfed by its gas-guzzling trucks and SUVs. And the company wants to bank the credits for future years when emissions rules get tougher -- especially if a Democrat beats President Donald Trump in 2020.

The filings don't give specific terms of Tesla's credit sales to GM or Fiat Chrysler, whose past purchases of credits haven't been disclosed directly but could be inferred from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports. GM's agreement to buy greenhouse gas credits was dated Feb. 25 and reported to Delaware the following day. Pat Morrissey, a GM spokesman, said the company is buying the credits as insurance against "future regulatory uncertainties." Fiat Chrysler disclosed agreements to buy credits from Tesla that were reached in 2016, 2018 and earlier this year, in four separate filings. Eric Mayne, a spokesman for the Italian-American automaker, said U.S. standards are getting stricter at a pace that "far exceeds" the level of consumer demand for electric cars that is required for compliance. "Until demand catches up with regulatory requirements, and there is regulatory relief, we will use credits as appropriate," Mayne said.

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GM and Fiat Chrysler Unmasked As Tesla's Secret Source of Cash

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  • by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday June 04, 2019 @08:58PM (#58710440)

    Why should a government get the money for a carbon tax? They'll just blow it on buying votes from poor people.

    It's better that a market-responsive organization like Tesla is getting the money.

    • Why should a government get the money for a carbon tax?

      Most proposals for a carbon tax are revenue neutral. So the carbon tax would replace other taxes.

      If carbon taxes replaced payroll taxes, we would be disincentivizing fossil fuel consumption rather than disincentivizing work and hiring. Seems like a win to me.

      They'll just blow it on buying votes from poor people.

      1. They can do that regardless of the source of funds.
      2. Most poor people don't vote. It is better to buy the votes of rich people.

  • CAFE (Score:5, Insightful)

    by JBMcB ( 73720 ) on Tuesday June 04, 2019 @09:05PM (#58710478)

    This is one of the dumbest regulations in the country. If you want more fuel efficient cars INCREASE THE TAX ON GASOLINE. Instead you have this insane law that makes car companies trade "credits" and build unprofitable cars so they can build profitable cars.

    When you want people to smoke less you don't regulate the size of cigarettes, you make them more expensive.

    • Cars have done incredible improvements on mileage in the past 15 years or so. Your average SUV can get near 30MPG on the highways. Hell my car has a V8 and gets 26MPG.

      • Hell my car has a V8 and gets 26MPG.

        My 1986 IROC could get about that on the highway. Whoopeeshit. So does our 3/4 ton cargo van, but admittedly it's a Sprinter with a 2.7l diesel.

        • Your IROC got 23MPG. [fueleconomy.gov]

          And probably weighed half as much as a modern car.

          • I don't care why it is or isn't better. And I got better than the rating on the freeway. It wasn't too horrible in town either, THAT may have been due to weight.

            My 1982 300SD gets nearly 30 on the highway, and does great around town, too. But it's well known as a special case. The aero is actually good by modern standards.

            • You should care... Modern cars are much safer, and pollute less...
              • You should care... Modern cars are much safer, and pollute less...

                It's very debatable than "heavier == safer". Physics doesn't lie and F = m * a

                Not only are collisions going to have more force, but required braking distance will be massively increased. Cars likely handle alot worse as well.

                • It's not debatable that modern cars are safer than 80's era ones, most of the designs of that area would not even be allowed to be produced now because they don't comply with modern standards. This can also be seen in the miles driven/vehicle death rate, which is down dramatically.

                  but required braking distance will be massively increased. Cars likely handle alot worse as well.

                  Wrong, and wrong.. Car breaking distance, despite being heavier is down (brake size and quality has increased), and handling? Are you joking.. look at skidpad and slalom results from now and from then, run of the mill vehicles are

        • by Bert64 ( 520050 )

          Modern cars also tend to be much heavier than older ones, which offsets a lot of the efficiency gains...
          Modern cars are fitted with lots more equipment that simple weren't present on older cars. If you were to take a lightweight basic model old car with virtually nothing aside from the most basic of features, and fit a modern engine into it you'd likely get very good fuel economy.

      • by jrumney ( 197329 )
        I think you just proved the GPs point. In my country, where fuel taxes are more significant, I was incentivized to buy a car that gets 80mpg on highways.
        • Is that US gallons or Imperial (British) gallons ? It is easier to get 80mpg when the volume is Imperial (British) gallons than the smaller volume of US gallons.

          1 Imperial (British) gallon = 1.20095 US gallons

          You can blame the US War of Independence for this difference in the volume of a gallon because after independence, a British Weight and Measures Act of Parliament changed the definition of a gallon but the US did not enact this change due to being independent.

          Therefore, cars in the UK always have a bet

    • Re:CAFE (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Socguy ( 933973 ) on Tuesday June 04, 2019 @09:17PM (#58710524)
      Absolutely. The free market solution to pollution is making the sources of pollution more expensive. Of course in this day and age, the free market people are only for the free market when it aligns with what they want.
      • This does that. Where does GM get this money to pay Tesla? From whoever buys a guzzler from GM.
      • The Free Market Solution to pollution is to ignore it, forcing the people it affects to bear the consequences and ultimately the taxpayers to pick up the tab to fix it.

        Then the people impacted by the problem get together and vote for politicians who will act in their interest by creating laws and regulations which force the issue.

        So really, government regulations are a natural consequence of free market capitalism; The market has spoken, they just decided to voice themselves at the ballot box instead of wit

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        That would just make driving too expensive for poor people.

        Better to do something that encourages the development of better, affordable cars.

    • This is one of the dumbest regulations in the country. If you want more fuel efficient cars INCREASE THE TAX ON GASOLINE. Instead you have this insane law that makes car companies trade "credits" and build unprofitable cars so they can build profitable cars.

      When you want people to smoke less you don't regulate the size of cigarettes, you make them more expensive.

      I understand that a gasoline tax unequally effects people of lower classes than those of middle and upper class who can easily handle the likely tax increases.

      • Poor people shouldn't have any more of a right to pollute than rich people.
        • That doesn't change the affordability of the tax.

          "Both a rich man and a poor man can go out today and buy a yacht" doesn't mean a whole lot when only one of them actually has the money to do it.

      • If this was really an issue with a gasoline tax than it would be trivial for the government to provide a rebate of a portion of this tax back to people with income under a certain level. Or, revenue from the tax could be used to support public transportation, discounted ride services for the poor, etc.

        The real reason the gasoline tax isn't higher is because the oil companies don't want it any higher.
    • You don't seem to have checked your math to see if your claims were right.

      In the story, the credit came from a company that does profit building more efficient cars, and were sold to another company.

      None of the companies involved are building unprofitable cars to meet their requirements.

      • Re:CAFE (Score:5, Insightful)

        by JBMcB ( 73720 ) on Tuesday June 04, 2019 @10:22PM (#58710766)

        None of the companies involved are building unprofitable cars to meet their requirements.

        GM and Ford both build unprofitable compact and sub-compact cars to meet their CAFE requirements. Source: the two dozen people I know who currently and have worked for both Ford and GM in the last 30 years.

        • And they are not selling, which is why they are purchasing credits from Tesla.

          • by Rei ( 128717 )

            Indeed. One can see US EV sales over at InsideEVs:

            https://insideevs.com/news/352... [insideevs.com]

            Tesla sells a literal order of magnitude more than the "competition".

        • So, small, fuel-efficient cars that otherwise wouldn't exist now do! And are sold! That sounds like the exact goal of CAFE standards.

        • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

          Pure incompetence. Lots of other manufacturers manage to make cheap, efficient cars and profit from them.

        • "but I know people you don't" is not something that implies knowledge.

          If you claim to have played a game of "telephone," where somebody whispered in your ear, and their job implies somebody whispered in their ear. and at the start of that line of whispering was somebody who had accurate information, then you have no claim to accurate information.

          If somebody else attempted to think about it themselves, they have some chance of understanding it.

          If you were to simply read the available information, you'd find

      • Except Tesla isn't profitable. They need to build something boring for that. The R and D costs for everything that came after the roadster have been too high. Probably the pickup will qualify. You can grossly overprice pickups. Average transaction price on pickups is over sixty K.

        • You seem a bit confused by numbers.

          Look up the cost of making the car, and the sales price of the car. That will tell you if the product is profitable.

          You can't tell anything about one product vs another product by looking at the company's bottom line. The company didn't do just one thing, they might have done other things too.

          You do understand the difference between talking about a specific product and talking about a company... right?

    • Re:CAFE (Score:5, Insightful)

      by jeff4747 ( 256583 ) on Wednesday June 05, 2019 @12:09AM (#58711012)

      When you want people to smoke less you don't regulate the size of cigarettes, you make them more expensive.

      We tried that. It only caused the people on the edge to stop smoking. The others just paid more.

      We also saw the same thing with increases in gas taxes. It didn't reduce gas consumption much because people still had to drive to work.

      Given our country's terrible public transportation and fetish for zoning for low-density and parking, raising the gas tax isn't going to change behavior much. Because there's a lack of alternatives.

      Also, there's a bit of a problem making people have to go out and buy new cars to deal with your sudden spike in gas prices. Not exactly an option for a huge percentage of the population. As well as really dumb for those who can afford to buy new instead of used.

      • Smoking taxes don't work well because they don't address addiction. But we're not addicted to SUVs. When fuel prices go up, people buy less large vehicles, and more EVs.

        As for the people who buy new cars, CAFE makes them either buy an efficient car, or subsidize efficient cars. It only takes maximum a few years to pay back the energy investment of a new car, and the fleet is aging (the median age is now over eleven years) and that wealthy person will also sell their old vehicle, which will replace something

        • Smoking taxes don't work well because they don't address addiction. But we're not addicted to SUVs. When fuel prices go up, people buy less large vehicles, and more EVs.

          And as I said above, the people who can actually afford to go buy a new car right now have the means to just pay more for gas. So it doesn't have much effect. We saw this with gas prices going up due to oil prices going up. It shifted demand a little, but not nearly as much as the increase in price would predict.

          and that wealthy person will also sell their old vehicle, which will replace something older and even less efficient being driven by someone poorer.

          It is unlikely that the person who has the wealth to buy a new car on a whim is currently driving a car with maximum fuel efficiency in mind. In the current market, they're probably driving a lu

      • by Socguy ( 933973 )
        People are able to make better long term financial decisions when there is a clear path laid out in front of them. A spike in gas prices causes a few people to switch to a more efficient solution but most will just suck it up if they believe it's temporary. The real motivation is when they see a steadily rising cost ahead such as a gas tax rising X percentage per year. This allows time for consumers to make a rational decision regarding their next purchase. It also allows time for and informs other enti
      • Perhaps the people who are well and truly addicted would just have to pay more, but it is an enormous incentive for those who are "entering the market" for the addictive product. And it is possible for most to quit, eventually.

        Likewise, the solution to better fuel efficiency is discourage fuel use. Perhaps some poor will be screwed, but 5-10 years down the road, that demographic will be able to buy used fuel efficient vehicles. So the proposed gas tax solution does work, albeit we perhaps should mitigate

    • If you want more fuel efficient cars INCREASE THE TAX ON GASOLINE

      That's not an option because anyone who enacts that will get voted out of office. So come up with something reasonable.

      The question is, what if you want more fuel efficient cars without increasing the tax on gasoline? What do you do?

    • Re:CAFE (Score:4, Insightful)

      by ledow ( 319597 ) on Wednesday June 05, 2019 @03:31AM (#58711402) Homepage

      Yeah, it's almost like America has been mocking almost EVERY OTHER COUNTRY in the world (with the exclusion of certain oil-producing states) that have been doing that for decades.

      Now they're shocked that if you keep it cheap, people just keep burning it and find ways to continue to burn it for ever and ever and ever and... whoops, we ran out!

      Of course the tax on fuel is "artificial" profit... all taxes are. You tax what you want to discourage, while subsidising what you want to encourage. Allowing someone to effectively "sell" their subsidy to someone who would be taxed otherwise, cheaper than the tax costs them, is one of the most ridiculous things I've ever heard.

      If you tax and subsidise properly, the consumer has an incentive not to use bad products and an incentive to use better-than-average products too - double whammy, and you get paid *both ways*... either by tax, or by actual take-up of what you need so that you as a country don't have to go trading carbon credits (which is also a thing on an international scale).

      Plus, a tax on the raw fuel is a) hard to avoid (not impossible, but easy to legislate that the average consumer can't avoid it), b) directly proportional to usage and efficiency of their device (little old grannies pay little, state-crossing juggernauts pay a lot more), c) easy to administer (you just make the fuel companies send you a percentage of their profits on a certain product).

      That's why European and other countries have been doing that *forever*.

      Maybe, just maybe, some day the US will realise the "real" cost of fuel, which includes things like it's environmental impact, damage to people's lungs (especially diesel) and general health, and rarity.

      • Re:CAFE (Score:5, Informative)

        by jeff4747 ( 256583 ) on Wednesday June 05, 2019 @11:11AM (#58712578)

        Yeah, it's almost like America has been mocking almost EVERY OTHER COUNTRY in the world (with the exclusion of certain oil-producing states) that have been doing that for decades.

        Yeah, it's almost like Europeans don't quite understand the complexity of the issue, and then write posts about how superior their approach is when they are in a totally different environment.

        For example, you folks actually have functional mass transit, so there's alternatives to driving. We don't. The result is people who are price-conscious about fuel are already driving as little as possible. Higher costs don't make alternatives suddenly appear, and they still have to get to work every day.

        Fix the mass transit? Well, that gets into the problem of how we've built our cities compared to European cities. Since the vast majority of the growth of US cities happened after cars, we didn't build to the same density as European cities. And we demanded lots and lots and lots of parking to handle all our car-based travel, driving density down even more. We also built office, commercial and industrial areas kinda willy-nilly, so the commute in each city is mostly random suburban house to random suburban workplace instead of most people commuting to "downtown" or similar concentrations.

        So now outside the "old" cities like New York and Boston, we don't have the density or common destinations for practical mass transit and people who respond to fuel prices already minimize driving. Which means your "Just do what the Europeans do" comment actually means "Tear down and rebuild all of the cities that are not in the Northeast Corridor". For some reason, we find that a tad impractical.

    • by Rei ( 128717 )

      I agree. But since the US seems structurally incapable of increasing gasoline taxes.... ;)

      Out here, gasoline usually costs what's equivalent to $7-8/gal US. Also, cars have 26% VAT (waived up to certain thresholds for EVs), plus various emissions fees (which on a gasoline or diesel car can raise the total percent up to 40% or so). Needless to say, EV adoption is taking off. But there's reasons for wanting that. Beyond global issues like climate change, as well as polluting the air we breathe (and often wa

    • This is one of the dumbest regulations in the country. If you want more fuel efficient cars INCREASE THE TAX ON GASOLINE. Instead you have this insane law that makes car companies trade "credits" and build unprofitable cars so they can build profitable cars.

      When you want people to smoke less you don't regulate the size of cigarettes, you make them more expensive.

      Two things here:
      1) The point of a system that aids the building of unprofitable things is to kick off an economy of scale that in time makes the thing profitable.
      2) The government doesn't want people to smoke less. They want people to be able to smoke without getting cancer because the entire economy of the country is highly dependent on smoking without any infrastructure for a smoke free economy to function. As such increasing taxes on smoking has the direct effect of taking money from the very people who

    • ". If you want more fuel efficient cars INCREASE THE TAX ON GASOLINE. Instead you have this insane law that makes car companies trade "credits" and build unprofitable cars so they can build profitable cars."

      Part of what we wanted was cars with lower emissions, and Obama altered CAFE in 2012 to reflect that fact. EVs have the lowest emissions (yes, even when accounting for production, especially since the US fleet is continuing to age) so we wanted to promote them. Trading credits achieves that.

  • by sphealey ( 2855 ) on Tuesday June 04, 2019 @09:25PM (#58710564)

    Everyone who tracks the automobile industry knew that all the major players - including but not limited to GM and FC - were using credit purchases from Tesla as part of their fleet CAFE management strategy.

    • Indeed. Came here to ask how it could possibly be a surprise. These are all publicly-traded companies. Aren't transactions like this supposed to be on the books for the shareholders to see?

  • by Anonymous Coward

    Most American power comes from coal and nat gas. There are some wind and solar farms but a vast majority comes from coal or nat gas so we are giving credits for coal powered cars?

    Cool!

    • by Wrath0fb0b ( 302444 ) on Wednesday June 05, 2019 @07:08AM (#58711792)

      Considering that a power plants have huge sets of step-down steam turbines (CCGT) and stack scrubbers, it's still wildly preferable to burn fossil fuels there than in tiny 2-3L internal combustion engines.

      First, the thermal efficiency is fantastic -- these plants really extract the maximum thermal energy into electricity. Compare that to a car engine where you have one combustion then the rest of the hot gas goes out the back, it's not even close. Even after transmission/battery losses, the Tesla is getting more miles out of each BTU than the equivalent ICE.

      Second, the scrubbers and other anti-pollution devices can be far more extensive and heavier than the catalytic converter on a car. For NOx and SOX pollutants especially, the plants achieve far better numbers than a car for the same energy output.

      So yeah, even a "coal powered Tesla" is better than an ICE, with the added bonus that as your grid gets better, it improves for free.

      [ None of this is to suggest that coal is a good idea. But the perfect is not the enemy of the good and all that. ]

      • And on top of that, one badly tuned car can pollute more than the next 100..
        The yearly emissions test I all you have to combat this. You just can't have the control you get when everything is concentrated at a single point..
    • so we are giving credits for coal powered cars?

      Yeah because every study has shown that coal powered cars are better for the environment than oil powered ones. And no I'm not being funny, just pointing out while you were aiming to be a sarcastic git, you actually produced an intelligent post.

    • The thing with Electric Cars, is that it is easier to replace a power plant, then to replace millions of cars. So while your Electric car may come from less then green power, while these coal plants are being replaced by Natural Gas, which is much cleaner and cheaper then coal is. As well the growth of Solar and Wind powers we can create greener technology.

      Technically the ideal infrastructure for Electric cars, is your home will have solar panels, with battery storage, which then charges your car overnigh

  • Great laws (Score:3, Interesting)

    by holophrastic ( 221104 ) on Tuesday June 04, 2019 @09:37PM (#58710612)

    So, to be clear, disincentives for polluting are meaningless because there's no demand -- hence the disincentive to the manufacturer.

    But the manufacturer can buy credits cheaper than the disincentive, so there is no disincentive.

    Bad enough that they can be traded like baseball cards. But they can be banked too? I'm so happy.

    And we all knew Tesla was out of money. Now we know that they have been getting free money based on a broken set of laws? Excellent.

    So if the disincentive goes away, Tesla goes bankrupt instantly. And if the disincentive gets bigger, then the banked credits make it completely meaningless. And if the credits are voided, then everyone sues.

    What a great set of laws you've got there. Way to achieve an objective.

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      So if the disincentive goes away, Tesla goes bankrupt instantly. And if the disincentive gets bigger, then the banked credits make it completely meaningless. And if the credits are voided, then everyone sues.

      What a great set of laws you've got there. Way to achieve an objective.

      It achieves the objective perfectly.

      Rich environmentalists get to preen and show off their Teslas, Tesla fanboys get to feel superior even though they can't afford one (even with the subsidies), we all get to hate on those wascally wepubwicans and feel superior, and most people still get to buy the ICE vehicles that they really want that actually have range and can carry heavy stuff and have room.

      Oh, you didn't mean those objectives?

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      You think being forced to give money to your competitor to develop their own competing products is not a disincentive?

      • They aren't being forced, and they aren't competitors. They are choosing to pay less to a tiny ankle biter instead of paying more to a government body. And the day that they choose to stop, that ankle biter will have absolutely nothing left on which to survive.

        Tesla has failed in every business category -- making money, selling cars, spending money, advancing design, increasing options, building infrastructure. Teslas don't have any more features (that actually work) than a typical Ford does. They are s

  • Volt vs. Prius (Score:4, Insightful)

    by Hasaf ( 3744357 ) on Tuesday June 04, 2019 @09:39PM (#58710624)

    I can see the position that GM is in, the market wants the big trucks, even if they can't meet the much tougher passenger car safety standards.

    The volt should counterbalance that some; but, frankly it isn't that attractive. It costs more than the Prius and lacks any compelling reason for its purchase, in most cases. GM is in a position that they could take over the electric car industry and leave Tesla a footnote in history. However, that would require real long term planning, something the American auto industry has never been noted for.

    • Re:Volt vs. Prius (Score:4, Interesting)

      by Herkum01 ( 592704 ) on Wednesday June 05, 2019 @12:01AM (#58710994)

      The volt is a commuter car, and fills that role well. The people that I know that have one, love it and would not give them up willingly. Yet, they are no longer going to produce them any more.

      • Comment removed based on user account deletion
        • It's a niche market, and not a profitable one. So it goes "bye bye". No, the future is plug-in hybrids.

          This statement has a minor problem: The Volt was a plug-in hybrid.

          I own a Volt, and it's got a worst-of-all-worlds problem.

          The electric range is poor because it's got to carry around a gas engine and all the associated equipment, so there's not enough room for a decent-size battery pack (range is about 25-30 miles winter, 35-45 miles summer). The gas engine is not terribly powerful because it's gotta be small to make room for the batteries and electric motors. The transmission is far more complex than nec

    • GM is didn't actually need the credits in the past year. They got them as a hedge for the future.

    • I can see the position that GM is in, the market wants the big trucks, even if they can't meet the much tougher passenger car safety standards.

      People used to want big cars. But then the government passed the CAFE standards [wikipedia.org] in 1975, forcing automakers to make cars small. So buyers looked around, and discovered a niche light truck called a sport utility vehicle (popular with off-roaders) was still big. Light trucks fall into a more lenient CAFE category, so SUVs could still be made big. If you look at the [epa.gov]

  • So they have enough sales to not require credits. How long till they have enough banked credits to reduce risk to acceptable levels?
    Who's going to buy Tesla's credits and keep their cashflow up?

    • GM didn't even require the credits last year. They were hedging for future years.

      AKA, GM thought Tesla was undervaluing an asset, and bought it.

    • Who's going to buy Tesla's credits and keep their cashflow up?

      Tesla gets billions in cashflow from selling cars, and tens of millions for selling carbon credits. If the credits dry up it's not fun, but also not disastrous.

  • The companies that produce gas guzzling SUVs and pickup trucks and other massive things shouldn't be able to get away with it just by buying some credits from those companies that are actually building the cleaner less polluting cars of the future.

    If GM or Ford or FCA or VAG or the like want to keep making the SUVs and pickup trucks they have to either make a lot more of the smaller more fuel efficient cars to offset those or they have to drastically increase fuel efficiency of the SUVs and pickup trucks t

    • by havana9 ( 101033 )
      If you want a low-emission Fiat car, you can buy a CNG or LPG Panda [www.fiat.it] the site is the Italian one, because these engines aren't available in UK and the Panda isn't sold in USA. I suppose because CNG and LPG stations are rare in the USA and UK, and anyway a puny little Panda is designed for Eurpean mediaval cities and not for American long interstates.
    • It's just outsourcing the creation of those other vehicles. I mean, does it matter if Ford makes 1 million n trucks and 1 million bicycles or 1 million trucks and subsidizes Huffy so they sell 1 million bicycles? Either way, the market is 1/2 trucks, 1/2 bicycles.

  • by cascadingstylesheet ( 140919 ) on Wednesday June 05, 2019 @07:53AM (#58711920) Journal

    So Tesla sells boutique vehicles to rich people who want to show how oh so enviro they are, while the real car companies still same the same old vehicles to the rest of us.

    Everybody wins! (Er, give or take some externalities and actual environmental effects)

  • by PPH ( 736903 ) on Wednesday June 05, 2019 @10:43AM (#58712468)

    ... Musk was an idiot and would lose his shirt over Tesla. Turns out he (and the subject auto manufacturers) were pretty smart. Instead of everyone running off and pursuing their own electric cars for the green credits, you fund one outfit. Which can do one thing well (arguably).

  • And the company wants to bank the credits for future years when emissions rules get tougher -- especially if a Democrat beats President Donald Trump in 2020

    Perhaps the reason we have a regulation-busting president is *because* the people are tired of having the government meddling in the fuel efficiency of automobiles (and everything else). "Government is not the answer to our problems; government *is* the problem."

    Just let the industry work it out for itself. Regulations only make the problems wors

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