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California Farmers Are Planting Solar Panels as Water Supplies Dry Up (latimes.com) 240

An anonymous reader shares a report: Solar energy projects could replace some of the jobs and tax revenues that may be lost as constrained water supplies force California's agriculture industry to scale back. In the San Joaquin Valley alone, farmers may need to take more than half a million acres out of production to comply with the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, which will ultimately put restrictions on pumping. Converting farmland to solar farms also could be critical to meeting California's climate change targets. That's according to a new report from the Nature Conservancy, an environmental nonprofit.

Working with the consulting firm Energy and Environmental Economics, the conservancy tried to figure out how California could satisfy its appetite for clean energy without destroying ecologically sensitive lands across the American West. The report lays out possible answers to one of the big questions facing renewable energy: Which areas should be dedicated to solar panels and wind turbines, and which areas should be protected for the sake of wildlife, outdoor recreation, farming and grazing? One takeaway from the report, released this week: California will need hundreds or maybe thousands of square miles of solar power production in the coming decades -- and it would make sense to build one-third to one-half of that solar capacity on agricultural lands, mostly within the state.

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California Farmers Are Planting Solar Panels as Water Supplies Dry Up

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  • Comment removed (Score:5, Interesting)

    by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Friday August 02, 2019 @09:50AM (#59028628)
    Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

      Most of California is Mediterranean in climate [ca.gov], hardly a desert. That's why things grow so well here - it's wet and warm and sunny enough you can grow just about anything, year round. If we didn't flush half our water right out to sea to keep rivers looking scenic, we'd be in a really good place. As-is, there is more and more water being diverted for "environmental" use (50% and rising), and that leaves less and less for growing food.
      • by gtall ( 79522 )

        Damn the fishes!! Kill'em all, we don't need no stinking fish, or water fowl, or any other small woodland creatures. Hell, damn that entire sliver of the planet, we don't need no stinkin' planet.

      • Most of California is Mediterranean in climate, hardly a desert.

        There are huge sections of California that unambiguously are desert [wikipedia.org] and are used heavily for agriculture. The only reason things grow there at all is because of massive amounts of man made irrigation projects.

        As-is, there is more and more water being diverted for "environmental" use (50% and rising), and that leaves less and less for growing food.

        Maybe if they didn't try to make deserts wet it would be less of a problem.

      • > Most of California is Mediterranean in climate, hardly a desert.

        "Hot Summer Mediterranean" aka "A desert that takes winters off."

        Summers there are hot and dry, making them unsuitable for many crops without significant irrigation. Sacramento Valley historically gets less than 19 inches per year of rainfall. The official definition of "Desert" is under 10 inches per year. Farmlands in the midwest typically get ~40 inches per year. Much of California meets what layman would consider a desert, even if it d

      • Re:Cali is a desert (Score:5, Interesting)

        by Ichijo ( 607641 ) on Friday August 02, 2019 @12:21PM (#59029678) Journal

        California's most agriculturally productive region, the Central Valley, is not mediterranean but "steppe" which is drier than mediterranean but not as dry as desert. And the Central Valley is only productive for the moment because we're draining the groundwater faster than nature can replenish it. Farmers are digging deeper and deeper wells to gain access to that water, and because nobody manages how much water they are allowed to take,at some point it will no longer be economically viable to grow crops in the Central Valley. It truly is a Tragedy of the Commons unfolding right before our eyes.

    • I mean, I kind of like food. And having lots of it is generally a good thing. Yeah, we waste a lot, but that's mostly due to supply chains [youtube.com]
      • Part of the problem with this approach to adding desalinized water to the mix is that this type of water is limitless, but also very, very expensive to produce.

        There are some serious problems with water policy in California, and a lot of it is actually created through lobbying by the agricultural industry itself. For example, farmers are growing rice (!) in the San Joaquin valley which is mostly hot and arid. Rice growth requires huge pools of standing water which must inevitably evaporate. Ironicall
    • The central valley of California is not desert. Technically it is semi-arid, meaning that it is very dry approximately half the year (the summer/autumn half).

  • by BringsApples ( 3418089 ) on Friday August 02, 2019 @09:58AM (#59028676)

    There was a guy in the past that would go around installing these little tiny bead-like structures into the ground. The little beads were "pre-programmed" to sort molecules. Once inserted into the ground (sunlight would damage the bead, so it had to start the process in the dark). it would begin to gather molecules from the air and soil around it, and use them to manufacture add-ones to the bead. The first add-on that it would manufacture was a solar-panel. This solar panel would then allow the device to sort of shift gears, and begin manufacturing more and more of a structure on which to manufacture more and more solar panels. After so many solar panels were developed, the device would change gears again, and then it would begin manufacturing food.

    I can't remember the guy's actual name, but he was most affectionately referred to as, "Johnny Apple Seed".

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • The masons refer to it as 'The Great Architect of the Universe'. But to my way of thinking, that seems to imply some sort of action that's been done, and is now a simple process of unfolding. But I like to think of this thing as being ever-active, and involved with everything along the way. Continually advancing it's approach to ...whatever the hell it's doing. Maybe working towards a true universal love? It's touch-and-go.

      • by gtall ( 79522 )

        Hmm....so I presume G-d is the one periodically flinging space rocks at the Earth that could wipe out life entirely or at least reset the game? This is a really odd G-d you have.

        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          The concept that God is a being making decisions, seems to be so outdated, that it's not worth discussing, however, here we are. When I talk about "god", I'm talking about the entirety of the universe. The good, the bad, etc... This is the assumption that I make whenever someone mentions a concept of god - that they're talking about god in the same way that I am. And when talking about god in this way, something becomes obvious: There's no concept of wanting god to be something. It's only when people w

          • The concept that God is a being making decisions, seems to be so outdated, that it's not worth discussing, however, here we are. When I talk about "god", I'm talking about the entirety of the universe. The good, the bad, etc...

            "I reject your reality and substitute my own."

          • When I talk about "god", I'm talking about the entirety of the universe.

            Golly, it almost seems like you could use the word "universe" and there wouldn't even be any confusion.

            That's why I don't believe you.

  • https://news.azpm.org/p/news-topical-nature/2019/4/9/149304-five-years-later-effects-of-colorado-river-pulse-flow-linger/ [azpm.org]

    https://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-water-the-colorado-river/ [ppic.org]

    No, California does not use all of it. But with everyone relying on that river, the demand now outstrips the supply.

    What I don't understand is, why doesn't California spend the billions it wastes on bullet trains for a permanent solution to it's water needs. Hell, while they are at it. Take care of their home
    • is a _lot_ more expensive than the few billion they waste on bullet trains.

      The homeless problem's actually pretty cheap to fix though. But people hate giving people handouts, and since most homeless are mentally ill it's going to be handouts or nothing. Then again with housing prices in the major cities what they are even that's changing [dailynews.com]
  • by Zumbs ( 1241138 ) on Friday August 02, 2019 @10:22AM (#59028856) Homepage
    I'm not sure why TFS seems to think that solar panels is mutually exclusive with grazing or farmland? If the panels are elevated, say 2-3 meters above the ground, they provide shadow for cattle and crops, thereby granting protection from the very hot Californian sunshine. Elevated solar panels also reduces evaporation of water from the ground, thereby also reducing amount the water needed for irrigation. I would say that it sounds a lot more like a win-win scenario than an either-or scenario.
    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • by Shotgun ( 30919 ) on Friday August 02, 2019 @10:58AM (#59029076)

        You should tell my wife. She puts her basil in the sun, because plants don't grow well in the shade, and they just burn up.

        Fact is that SOME plants don't grow well in the shade, and some will ONLY grow in the shade. A good rule of thumb is that wide leaves are a good indicator of a shade loving plant. The explanation is that the wide leaves capture more sunlight, but allow for more water evaporation. The thin leafed plants will starve for sunlight in the shade. The wide leafed plant will burn up in the sun.

        • You should tell my wife. She puts her basil in the sun, because plants don't grow well in the shade, and they just burn up.

          Fact is that SOME plants don't grow well in the shade, and some will ONLY grow in the shade. A good rule of thumb is that wide leaves are a good indicator of a shade loving plant. The explanation is that the wide leaves capture more sunlight, but allow for more water evaporation. The thin leafed plants will starve for sunlight in the shade. The wide leafed plant will burn up in the sun.

          It sounds like the basil needs more water to be in the sun.

          I have a basil in the window in full sun, but it also has standing water in the bottom of the pot at all times.

          • by Shotgun ( 30919 )

            Her basil is on the back. Try moving yours outside and I bet it burns up. I'm in NC, btw. Latitude will make a big difference.

            • Yeah, good point, I'm north of 44.

              But that said, they grow it in full sun in Thailand. But that's planted in the ground.

              If you take shredded paper, like from junk mail, and mulch the plants with it it will keep the roots cool and might make all the difference.

      • by millert ( 10803 ) on Friday August 02, 2019 @12:13PM (#59029628) Homepage

        Some of amount of shade is beneficial for most plants. How to best combine solar photovoltaics and agriculture is an area of current study.
          There was a Science News article about this the other day, https://www.sciencedaily.com/r... [sciencedaily.com]

      • by Hadlock ( 143607 )

        They've already optimized the spacing/height of solar panels, it is possible to grow mild weather plants like lettuce and grapes in the desert if the panels are high enough and spaced properly. You end up with 33% space utilization for solar and maintain ~99% space utilization for crops. Due to the extra shading water loss is greatly reduced. It's difficult to min/max but there are already real world studies in the ground proving this out.

      • plants don't grow well in shade.

        You should put it on your bucket list to visit a forest some day.

        There are way more plants in shaded areas than in full sun.

    • by blindseer ( 891256 ) <blindseer@noSPAm.earthlink.net> on Friday August 02, 2019 @11:07AM (#59029140)

      Have you seen cattle up close? They are a half ton of stupid. They will eat anything and everything. Out in a pasture eating the grass, leaves, and the occasional rock or egg, is good for them, or at least not bad. They eat wires and screws too. They will chew through wires until it electrocutes them, because they are a half ton of stupid. They will lick steel posts until it gives them iron poisoning, because they are a half ton of stupid. They will lean on fences and poles until they fall over. Any structure that they can get to needs to be able to hold up to an entire herd leaning on it, because if one cow leans over then the whole herd will.

      Now, tell me how you are going to build these solar collector posts so that the cattle don't push them over, chew them to bits, and grind them into dust with their hooves.

      Oh, and then shit all over them. Because cattle shit on things... a lot.

      Here's how that would be done, every post would have to be reinforced concrete suck deep in the dirt. The cattle will still try to lick, chew, and lean on the concrete so all the corners need to be sufficiently rounded so they don't ruin their teeth or impale themselves by getting pushed into them by another half ton of stupid. All the wires would have to be buried in conduit or run well over head. Then when anyone needs to go out there to do repairs you'd need a couple guys with cattle prods to just keep some half ton of stupid from busting up the truck. It might be a good idea to keep a shotgun in the truck in case one half ton of stupid thinks the truck or a worker is some kind of predator and decides to start a fight in spite of the cattle prods.

      This would get expensive real quick, in lost cattle, in lost solar panels, or in the barriers in separating the two.

      • Don't use a steel post, you need ductile iron. That's the type of cast iron that modern underground water pipes use.

        That's going to be way cheaper than reinforced concrete, and last longer. The reason is that regular reinforced concrete isn't strong enough to stand up to cattle, for the reasons you describe. It would have to be per-stressed and would be competing for factory production with the engineering blocks used to make bridges, so that's the cost level you'd be looking at. That's way more expensive t

    • Cattle rub their bodies against things like posts. This can be very destructive unless stout posts are used and have a deep foundation. The support requirements for the panels would thus be much more severe if cattle are to graze underneath them. Also, you can't grow grass (or any other grazeable crop) under solar panels. So they are, indeed mutually exclusive.

      • Also, you can't grow grass (or any other grazeable crop) under solar panels. So they are, indeed mutually exclusive.

        That's only true if there is very very little spacing. Grass doesn't need full sun. Also, there are lots of non-grass forage plants.

        But yeah, goats might be a better companion animal for a solar farm.

    • by Whibla ( 210729 ) on Friday August 02, 2019 @11:33AM (#59029380)

      Well, your post certainly attracted its fair share of naysayers...

      Perhaps a link [sciencedaily.com] supporting your assertion will help.

      TLDR: "The environment under the panels is much cooler in the summer and stays warmer in the winters. This not only lessens rates of evaporation of irrigation waters in the summer, but it also means that plants don't get as stressed out. Crops that grow under lower drought stress require less water, and because they don't wilt as easily midday due to heat, they are able to photosynthesize longer and grow more efficiently... In addition the solar panels themselves also benefit from the co-location. In places where it is above 75 degrees Fahrenheit when sunny, solar panels begin under-performing because they become too hot. The evaporation of water from the crops creates localized cooling, which reduces heat stress on the panels overhead and boosts their performance."

    • They can also be placed on the roofs of agricultural barns and storage sheds. This means you pay less to the government for power, and sell it to them at a markup.

      Intelligent deployment of solar panels can increase farm yields and reduce costs, and help during times of crop failure.

    • by Uecker ( 1842596 )

      Having sheep grazing on a solar farm is quite common. Otherwise you would need to mow.

  • by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Friday August 02, 2019 @10:29AM (#59028914)
    Comment removed based on user account deletion
  • It's actually fairly easy to have active farms with solar panels providing shade above water, which evaporates less quickly and is absorbed more into the soil if not in direct sunlight. Locating panels over irrigation canals is a way of increasing available water, and when intelligently deployed, can increase farm revenue dramatically.

    It's just like how you can double your irrigation water available by spraying in circles at dusk and dawn, and not at peak sun.

    You can also deploy solar panels as field separ

  • Or any suitable animal that will not eat the wrong stuff. Goats are out as they'd really enjoy the panels and cables...

    Solar farm (shade is good for the animals too):

            https://youtu.be/hHMYlTAEMUA [youtu.be]

    Goats on a roof:

            https://youtu.be/AyE4XWe_Lrs?t... [youtu.be]

Keep up the good work! But please don't ask me to help.

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