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Maybe It's Not YouTube's Algorithm That Radicalizes People (wired.com) 341

In a new report, Penn State political scientists say that it's not the recommendation engine, but the communities that form around right-wing content. From a report: YouTube is the biggest social media platform in the country, and, perhaps, the most misunderstood. Over the past few years, the Google-owned platform has become a media powerhouse where political discussion is dominated by right-wing channels offering an ideological alternative to established news outlets. And, according to new research from Penn State University, these channels are far from fringe -- they're the new mainstream, and recently surpassed the big three US cable news networks in terms of viewership. The paper, written by Penn State political scientists Kevin Munger and Joseph Phillips, tracks the explosive growth of alternative political content on YouTube, and calls into question many of the field's established narratives. It challenges the popular school of thought that YouTube's recommendation algorithm is the central factor responsible for radicalizing users and pushing them into a far-right rabbit hole.

The authors say that thesis largely grew out of media reports, and hasn't been rigorously analyzed. The best prior studies, they say, haven't been able to prove that YouTube's algorithm has any noticeable effect. "We think this theory is incomplete, and potentially misleading," Munger and Phillips argue in the paper. "And we think that it has rapidly gained a place in the center of the study of media and politics on YouTube because it implies an obvious policy solution -- one which is flattering to the journalists and academics studying the phenomenon." Instead, the paper suggests that radicalization on YouTube stems from the same factors that persuade people to change their minds in real life -- injecting new information -- but at scale. The authors say the quantity and popularity of alternative (mostly right-wing) political media on YouTube is driven by both supply and demand. The supply has grown because YouTube appeals to right-wing content creators, with its low barrier to entry, easy way to make money, and reliance on video, which is easier to create and more impactful than text.

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Maybe It's Not YouTube's Algorithm That Radicalizes People

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  • Ahh yes (Score:5, Funny)

    by Dunbal ( 464142 ) * on Thursday October 24, 2019 @11:02AM (#59342642)
    The search for that magic book/pamphlet/video that turns you into a nazi. I just made the OK sign at my monitor, you're all nazis now.
    • by Keruo ( 771880 )
      Better spray you all with this darpa gas canister then.. you're all gay nazis now.
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      The old saying goes, 'Birds of a feather fly together'

      Their willingness to self identify and publish to public forums is terrifically useful

      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        by pgmrdlm ( 1642279 )
        Yes, thats why left wing anarchists do the same. Oh wait, it's only right wing that are bad. Sorry, I forgot that everything liberal is good. Anything or anyone that disagree's is bad. Fuck off.
        • Re:Ahh yes (Score:5, Insightful)

          by alvinrod ( 889928 ) on Thursday October 24, 2019 @12:45PM (#59343180)
          I don't think I consider the left-wing anarchists to be liberal. They act every bit as authoritarian as many of the groups that they decry and aren't above using violence.

          Trying to associate those extremists with the more moderate mainstream Democrat party is just as disingenuous as all of the idiots that want to try to associate right-wing extremism with the more moderate mainstream Republican party.
          • Re:Ahh yes (Score:5, Insightful)

            by Archangel Michael ( 180766 ) on Thursday October 24, 2019 @01:00PM (#59343264) Journal

            But anyone (especially teenage boys) wearing a Red Baseball Cap are fucking Racist Nazis, right?

            The issue is that people love painting in broad strokes with big brushes. Perhaps we should not assign group identity to groups, because the results are always bigoted.

            • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

              by Rob Y. ( 110975 )

              Perhaps not. But I'd say that depends on what the group's goals are.

              As far as I can tell, the MAGA phenomenon is about:
              1. Hatred of liberals.
              2. Hatred of immigrants.

              Now that doesn't mean all Trump supporters fit into those 2 categories. But wearing the hat probably does signal intent to convey those 2 messages. Trump fans that probably don't wear the MAGA hats also include:
              a. People angry about global trade - though Trump doesn't really have any viable solutio

              • Re:Ahh yes (Score:5, Insightful)

                by Archangel Michael ( 180766 ) on Thursday October 24, 2019 @02:37PM (#59343684) Journal

                Hatred of immigrants.

                And that right there is where you're 100% wrong. Well, if you mean "Uphold Immigration Law" is "hate" then maybe but only for those that violate American Law. Most people I know don't hate Immigrants, who come here wanting a better life and willing to become Americans. Color, Race, Ethnicity, Religion, or otherwise doesn't matter. But you're being brainwashed by false framing that it is "Immigration" and not "Illegal Immigration" that people oppose.

                Me personally, I am 100% libertarian on this issue. Let everyone in, as long as they check in at the border and register. No need to come here illegally. But that simple solution denies the Democrat their wedge conflation and floods the streets with millions of people providing cheap labor. Entitled brats everywhere would be homeless as hard working immigrants take their Barrista jobs at Starbucks.

              • You underestimate the degree to which the widespread popularity of President Trump's MAGA campaign is a reaction against disastrously failed "free trade"/deindustrialization economic policies. Policies that were pushed by the bipartisan corporate stooge Establishment for several decades. Pushed hard, despite millions of jobs lost, despite millions driven to poverty and despair. Almost like immiserating the American working class and undermining our defense industrial base was the actual goal of those widely

      • by sinij ( 911942 )

        The old saying goes, 'Birds of a feather fly together'

        Exactly! And this is why anyone who eats cheese is a Nazi. After all, Nazi like cheese, and as you said 'Birds of a feather fly together'.

  • Efficiency (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Empiric ( 675968 ) on Thursday October 24, 2019 @11:06AM (#59342654)

    "...right-wing content."

    Saved me from bothering to even read the TFS.

    As if there are no left-wing discussions happening on the Internet.

    • As if there are no left-wing discussions happening on the Internet.

      The difference is you don't see those left-wing discussions talking about how to kill Jews, murder reporters, how to bomb synagogues, mosques or temples, how anyone not white and Christian should be removed from the country, how women and Muslims are the source of all evil in this country, and so on.

      That you can't, or won't, see the difference between the two speaks volumes. But go ahead and tell us how nothing I said was true and
  • the 90's were full of white man terrorism

    Oklahoma City bombing, 1996 Olympics nail bomb, abortion clinic bombings and murders and the Unabomber

    all years before YouTube and before the internet became popular

  • Liberal media (Score:5, Insightful)

    by reanjr ( 588767 ) on Thursday October 24, 2019 @11:11AM (#59342672) Homepage

    In other words, the media is objectively liberal and has failed to deliver content sought by a large part of the population, so other content creators are delivering "balance".

    • Unvetted information aggregated and delivered by nonexperts to people that desire reinforcement of ill informed opinions doesn't create 'balance'. The idea of creating 'balance' from objective reality is the fallacy of the mean. E.g. in the vaccine debate, we could present both sides and decide that vaccines cause... half-autism, or we could acknowledge that anti-vaxxers are unsupported by data.
    • Yes, Obviously the multi-billion dollar companies that own all of the major news outlets all would have a liberal bias and would push that bias, profit be damned!

      If you actually stop for a moment and think, does that sound remotely likely?

  • by Gregory Eschbacher ( 2878609 ) on Thursday October 24, 2019 @11:15AM (#59342682)

    This far-out left-wing conspiracy video has been on Youtube (and previously Google Video) for about 15 years now. But I guess that doesn't fit into the narrative of radicalizing right-wingers.

  • by SuperKendall ( 25149 ) on Thursday October 24, 2019 @11:19AM (#59342700)

    The right wing communities on YouTube and elsewhere are not really "radical" - what actions have they taken that are radical?

    It's not like they are like AntiFa, out burning cars or attacking people attending political rallies because of viewpoints differing. THAT is truly radical.

    No, right wing communities online are simply like any other group, full of like minded people - the reason they appear different is because so many seek to make them appear to be different to others, so that no more people will join them.

    To the people in the group, they get a little more closed off to outsiders when they see constant and to them, very unreasonable attacks constantly so they are more wary of people who are not in the group; But that doesn't make them radical, it makes them realists.

    • I think that everyone should be willing to call out someone else for being shitty, and open to accepting criticism that challenges their viewpoints.

      Life should not be a "safe space". For a group that became so in love with calling liberals "snowflakes", y'all are some of the most fragile people I've seen with how quickly I see walls go up with hyper-reactive denial, blame shifting, and outrage.

      People are made radical by the groups exploiting them. When you have Fox News and other right-wing media constantly

    • by Nidi62 ( 1525137 )

      The right wing communities on YouTube and elsewhere are not really "radical" - what actions have they taken that are radical?

      Well, I can think of this one incident in a small town called Charlottesville where a bunch of right-wingers decided to grab some tiki torches and march around at night shouting literal Nazi slogans (but at least they didn't have to worry about mosquitoes!). And then the next day they decided to hold a protest and one of them ended up running down a bunch of people with his car. But it's ok, there were a bunch of fine people there on both sides.

  • Right, YouTube is to blame because the radical right or liberal left never existed BEFORE YouTube! /s

    Oh wait. All these digital platforms are just providing visibility into the fact that people have diverse opinions since the beginning of time. With anyone being able to post content it is just much easier to find content that aligns with your biases.

    Move along, nothing to see here.

    But let's continue to bring out scapegoats. /s

  • by xenog ( 3653043 )
    Penn State political scientists say that it's not the recommendation engine, but the communities that form around right-wing content. That tells me all I need to know really. Hilarious.
  • The algorithm is harmful. Its only goal is to aggressively zero in on what will keep a user watching, without any regard to how well-informed it makes the viewer.

    It causes people to stay within their bubble, gives them only videos that reinforce their existing conclusions, and can lead one to believe that some fringe idea has wide support and even popular consensus.

    One can argue that YouTube is not the root cause, but it is absolutely an amplifier.

  • Biased much? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by King_TJ ( 85913 ) on Thursday October 24, 2019 @11:34AM (#59342782) Journal

    Pandering to left-wing, pro socialist concepts is the daily norm I encounter on social media platforms like Facebook. Lots of hatred for anyone who attained wealth, and a belief that Capitalism is a failed system.

    If it's really true that more right-leaning content exists in the form of YouTube videos, that's probably just the result of a concerted effort by the Right to put their viewpoints out there to contrast with the Left agenda that seems to be the one most big tech companies agree with.

    Personally, as a libertarian, I side with a lot of what the conservative Republicans have to say -- despite condemning then on other issues. Their biggest flaw, IMO, is their fascination with encouraging the military-industrial complex and the Federal Reserve bank's control of our currency that's no longer backed by anything tangible. The Democrats on the Left, by contrast, want to champion all sorts of utter nonsense like this "transgender rights movement". (All sorts of problems since they've gone down that path -- from demands to build new "gender neutral" bathrooms in public schools to making a joke of women's competitive sports, with biological males demanding to be allowed to play and then winning all the trophies. Even some folks I know in the gay community take issue with some of it. After all? If you're a guy but then declare you identify as female and start dating other guys, doesn't that make you another gay guy except pretending you "have something all figured out" that they don't?) In any case, it's a whole lot of demands for social change, with a lot of it at taxpayer expense, for a very, very small percentage of the population who in most cases probably just need to seek professional counseling. When you're a small enough of a minority, you need to learn to work within society's existing structure and constraints, rather than demanding everyone else cater to you. If you're an oddity with 6 fingers on each hand? No, you can't expect all the glove makers to offer a 6 fingered version for you....

    At this point, I think the Democrats also have their party getting split down the middle, with the Socialists invading them and pushing "Democratic Socialism" as the way they're able to infiltrate it and hijack it -- while the remaining "Progressives" or "Moderates" still understand that's not what their party should be about. But only the minority of their "Moderates" strike me as having logic and sanity behind what they advocate.

    The Right certainly has its extremists, and a whole lot of "cult of personality" types who will defend everything Trump ever says or does, just because they have a fixation on the guy. But putting all the emotions aside about Trump's character or personality? I still see where what actually gets done as far as legislation and Federal policies is fairly expected, run-of-the-mill stuff that a different Republican president could do without all the fuss. Most of the time, a Trump policy is simply "undo what happened under Obama's presidency". That infuriates the folks who loved what Obama did, of course. But that shouldn't be shocking to anyone who assumes when you vote in the opposing party, they want the opposite of what the last one was doing with many things.

    • I'll never quite understand why some self identified libertarians get so so spun up about how other people view themselves.

      Libertarian (at least to me and the way I practice it)) isn't a political ideal that says "I have the liberty to be a dick head, so fuck off", it's a political ideal that says "You have the right to be you and if I don't like it tough shit for me". The distinction is that if you have the right to be you then I have the right to be me, otherwise sooner or later somebody might decide I

  • The algorithm suggesting more and more radical content and unsubstantiated "news" stories may contribute to the echo chamber. This is similar to Fox News or other traditional media beating its message into viewers non-stop. You're never going to convince the hard-core Fox News viewer who has the TV on every waking moment that their world view isn't the one perfect world view. Facebook and YouTube are just capitalizing on the same marketing tactics...give people more of what they want to hear and they'll kee

  • Useless Study (Score:5, Insightful)

    by alvinrod ( 889928 ) on Thursday October 24, 2019 @11:49AM (#59342842)
    The study draws the list of "right-wing channels" from a 2018 paper Alternative influence: Broadcasting the reactionary right on YouTube (which can be accessed in PDF form online [datasociety.net] through the organization that published it) which makes it generally useless since it's built on a bad premise.

    If you look at Appendices A (pg. 45) and B (pg. 49) of the 2018 paper which lists the channels that are considered to by part of what's called the AIN (Alternative Influence Network) you get people like Sam Harris, Tim Pool, Joe Rogan, and Dave Rubin. Describing any of those people as right-wing tells me a lot more about the person doing the describing than it does the people they hope to label.

    A lot of the people on the list don't even appear to produce anything resembling news. Joe Rogan does a podcast that occasionally has political guests (he's recently had both Bernie Sanders and Tulsi Gabbard, well-known right-wing politicians) but more often has other comedians or random people who have nothing to do with politics. Some that are news channels are people like Tim Pool, the guy that was known for reporting on Occupy Wall Street and says he politically donates to Andrew Yang and Tulsi Gabbard.

    There are some individuals listed (e.g., Ben Shapiro) that are right-wing news channels on YouTube, or who mainly deal with political commentary on their talk shows (e.g., Larry Elder), and even a few political figures associated with the Alt-Right (e.g., Milo Yiannopolous) but there are just as many individuals who apparently have nothing to do with politics or news given a quick glance at their YouTube channels.
    • You make a good point of Harris and Rogan not being right wing. Harris jumped the shark when he threw in with right wingers on "maybe black people are naturally stupid" and Rogan is a noted dick head. So either way it's probably good that people don't listen to them.

  • Comment removed based on user account deletion
  • Personally I think if you're taking to heart anything you see on YouTube then you're a rube to start with. Intelligent people do their own research instead of believing some random person on YouTube who happened to have a webcam and a list of opinions to express.
  • by UncleGizmo ( 462001 ) on Thursday October 24, 2019 @12:39PM (#59343154)

    Peak Godwin's Law in 60 seconds.

    Huzzah, Slashdot, we did it!

  • by rapierian ( 608068 ) on Thursday October 24, 2019 @01:03PM (#59343274)
    We must know what could make people vote for a racist like Trump! It certainly couldn't be that we labeled everyone who had the slightest policy disagreement with Obama the previous 8 years with the same label! And went around the previous 8 years constantly referring to the president and country as BusHitler and Amerikkka, and are now going around saying anyone who thinks Trump has maybe done a decent job in some areas like the economy is a complete fascist/racist/whatever, and MAGA hats are the new KKK hood.

    Most people on the right don't have the luxury of living in a bubble of like-minded ideologues and we still know how to respectfully disagree with people. And in return we get people keying our cars in the name of "tolerance" as they react to some weird insane parody of our values in dorky handmaiden costumes. McCain and Romney were us nominating politicians who were known for being middle-of-the-road compromising deal-makers, and that not only went nowhere, but we saw the vitriol get even worse. I didn't support Trump in 2016, but a large part of his promise was to be a hammer to all the precious notions of political censorship/political correctness that the left has been trying to establish around all of their favorite policy positions, and until I see a left that's willing to engage in political discourse instead of slander, I'm going to vote for and support the biggest, roughest, and crudest candidate out there and go with overriding the opposition rather than finding reasonable middle-grounds.
  • by argStyopa ( 232550 ) on Thursday October 24, 2019 @01:58PM (#59343492) Journal

    ...because it really seems like a stretch to justify Youtube's demonetizing/derecommending anything that's not ardently liberal in theme.

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