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Earth Science

Oceans Losing Oxygen at Unprecedented Rate, Experts Warn (theguardian.com) 201

Oxygen in the oceans is being lost at an unprecedented rate, with "dead zones" proliferating and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously depleted, as a result of the climate emergency and intensive farming, experts have warned. From a report: Sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species were at particular risk, scientists said, with many vital ecosystems in danger of collapse. Dead zones -- where oxygen is effectively absent -- have quadrupled in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature presented the findings on Saturday at the UN climate conference in Madrid, where governments are halfway through tense negotiations aimed at tackling the climate crisis.

Grethel Aguilar, the acting director general of the IUCN, said the health of the oceans should be a key consideration for the talks. "As the warming ocean loses oxygen, the delicate balance of marine life is thrown into disarray," she said. "The potentially dire effects on fisheries and vulnerable coastal communities mean that the decisions made at the conference are even more crucial." All fish need dissolved oxygen, but the biggest species are particularly vulnerable to depleted oxygen levels because they need much more to survive. Evidence shows that depleted levels are forcing them to move towards the surface and to shallow areas of sea, where they are more vulnerable to fishing.

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Oceans Losing Oxygen at Unprecedented Rate, Experts Warn

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  • The countries with the biggest populations and the fastest growing populations need to consider their part in the balance for a sustainable future. I know everyone here is going to disagree with me but you are disagreeing with the truth.
    • by 110010001000 ( 697113 ) on Monday December 09, 2019 @10:21AM (#59500578) Homepage Journal

      Yeah, except for the elite. They get to do whatever they want. But those poor people need to just go away.

    • by Anonymous Coward on Monday December 09, 2019 @10:24AM (#59500590)
      Why not blame the people who waste and consume the most stuff?
      Americans [folk.uio.no] Plenty of idiots will just deny the truth we all know.
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by fbobraga ( 1612783 )
      overpopulation can't be a solvable problem, animal agriculture / meat consuption are.
      • by Kokuyo ( 549451 )

        Yeah, I just wonder if that calculation on environmental impact of eating meat versus being a vegetarian or even vegan ever takes into account what production of amino acids and vitamin B12 dump into nature... Or if it's even possible to produce those in a lab.

        Because make no mistake, not eating animal products isn't healthy. Not in the slightest. That bullshit concerning cholesterin for one was a giant hoax...

      • by skam240 ( 789197 )

        overpopulation can't be a solvable problem...

        Actually it can, it's just the solution isn't one anyone would like. One Child Policy.

        • Actually it can

          ethically, it can't

          • by bjwest ( 14070 )

            Actually it can

            ethically, it can't

            Why is it ethically not possible? We live in a society that has to have rules to function and survive. Why does anyone have a "right" to pop out as many babies as they want causing more strain on the limited resources available? Why does anyone have a right to procreate at all? Believe it or not, there is a finite number of people this world can sustain, and we are reaching that number quickly, if we haven't already. We've caused possibly irreparable damage to the environment, killed off entire species

            • are you suggesting to kill people? Or control birth from who? Rich people will do it too?
              • by bjwest ( 14070 )

                are you suggesting to kill people?

                No. Nowhere in my post did I even imply killing anyone, nor did the GP. Both of us were talking about a one child policy.

                Or control birth from who? Rich people will do it too?

                Um.. Everyone, including the wealthy.

        • by XXongo ( 3986865 ) on Monday December 09, 2019 @10:50AM (#59500706) Homepage

          overpopulation can't be a solvable problem...

          Actually it can, it's just the solution isn't one anyone would like. One Child Policy.

          You don't need a "one child policy," Demography has repeatedly shown that three things are correlated with lower population growth:
          1. reduction in poverty (known as the "demographic transition")
          2. increase in education levels
          3. access to birth control.

          If you want to reduce population growth, you don't need a "one child policy." You need to address poverty, educate people, and give people access to birth control. (That doesn't mean forcing people to use birth control. It means giving them the freedom to choose to use birth control if they want. Turns out, not everybody wants to have eight or ten children. A lot of people would stop at two, if they could. Or even zero.)

          Here's a hard problem: how do we decrease poverty without increasing the strain on natural resources? That's an engineering problem. We need to solve it.

          • I live in a country with good education, low poverty, and good access to birth control, but some families are still having 6-7 kids. How can we stop them ?

            • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

              by lkjlkjlkj ( 6410030 )

              How can we stop them?

              @XXongo's whole point is that you don't need to. You just need for the *average* family to have fewer children.

              • You just need for the *average* family to have fewer children.

                That reasoning is flawed. If, for various reasons, some people are "resistant" to the 3 mentioned parameters for low childbirth, and still have big families, then it is likely that they will pass on some of this resistance to their offspring, and they will get bigger families too. Even worse, men with a desire for a large family will seek out women with the same desire, and they will combine their genes, increasing the chance that their offspring will end up with an even better combination.

                You cannot compen

                • So family size is dictated by genetics, not environment? Is that your contention? Because I bet in your history, your family was large (more than 4 kids in the family), so you should have already been bred out of existence, per your own logic.
                  • So family size is dictated by genetics, not environment?

                    It's dictated by both, obviously. This means that if you change the environment to promote small families, that genes will adapt and recombine.

                    It's survival of the fittest. In this case, the fittest are the ones with the biggest families. For some mysterious reason, a lot of folks have trouble grasping this most basic concept of evolutionary biology.

                    • by LynnwoodRooster ( 966895 ) on Monday December 09, 2019 @01:35PM (#59501500) Journal

                      Someone doesn't understand genetics. In the US, in just 60 years [statista.com] we've seen a drop in family size by 15%.

                      US household size was cut in half [infoplease.com] in just 100 years.

                      In fact, there is substantial evidence [oecd-ilibrary.org] that it takes just one generation for a household of immigrants (immigrant family becoming native born) to cut their household size by 15% or more. That doesn't even give a chance for genetic impetus, as the offspring of immigrants have measurably fewer kids when they move to a more economically advanced nation.

                      Is your contention that our genes will modify so fast that we will now have a biological imperative to cut our breeding in half? Really? That's how fast you think it works?

                      Seriously, it's not genetics - it's economy. Improve the economy, you'll cut population growth. Every time.

                    • Someone doesn't understand genetics. In the US, in just 60 years [statista.com] we've seen a drop in family size by 15%.

                      In just 60 years, we've managed to kill a lot of bacteria too, but that doesn't mean they can't evolve to grow resistant to antibiotics and come back.

                      Is your contention that our genes will modify so fast that we will now have a biological imperative to cut our breeding in half?

                      They don't have to. The genes for big families already exist. They just need to outgrow the genes for small families. And they will get more effective when combined with other genes for big families, which also exist in other people. This combination will happen automatically when the small families die out.

                      Seriously, it's not genetics - it's economy. Improve the economy, you'll cut population growth. Every time.

                      Every time ? How many times have you tried it ?

                    • by LynnwoodRooster ( 966895 ) on Monday December 09, 2019 @02:19PM (#59501702) Journal

                      In just 60 years, we've managed to kill a lot of bacteria too, but that doesn't mean they can't evolve to grow resistant to antibiotics and come back.

                      What is the lifespan of a typical bacterium? How many generations of bacteria came and went in 60 years?

                      Just to save you the effort, a typical bacterium lives for about 12 hours [sciencefocus.com]. In those 60 years, we'd expect around 44,000 generations. That would be about 880,000 years for mankind (longer than we've been around). So yeah - you're completely off-base here.

                      Is your contention that our genes will modify so fast that we will now have a biological imperative to cut our breeding in half?

                      They don't have to. The genes for big families already exist. They just need to outgrow the genes for small families. And they will get more effective when combined with other genes for big families, which also exist in other people. This combination will happen automatically when the small families die out.

                      Again, your contention is this happens in one or two generations? The facts do not support it. In fact, the facts show that family sizes DROP in a generation or two when the economy grows.

                      Every time ? How many times have you tried it ?

                      Two hundred plus years [sagepub.com] of historical records point to this fact. Do you have anything that shows otherwise? If it's as solid as your understanding of genetics, the answer would be "no".

            • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

              by stinerman ( 812158 )

              Explain to them that there is no god.

            • Do you have to? What's the average birth rate in your country? I know I have a friend with 7 kids - but the other 3 of us (we were a gang of 4 back in grade and high school) have 2 kids amongst us. The average is still right close to replacement-rate (a bit over 2 kids per couple).
          • by blindseer ( 891256 ) <blindseer.earthlink@net> on Monday December 09, 2019 @01:05PM (#59501334)

            Here's a hard problem: how do we decrease poverty without increasing the strain on natural resources?

            I believe one major part of this problem is a lack of freedom, as history shows poor nations tend to be nations run by tyrants. Another major part of this problem is a lack of cheap energy, as even in nations with economic freedom, rule of law, and otherwise near ideal government will still find themselves in poverty without access to cheap energy.

            That's an engineering problem. We need to solve it.

            I'm not so sure. We know how to create a free economy and enforce the rule of law. We know how to get energy with low CO2 emissions, minimal needs for land and raw materials, is plentiful, reliable, safe, and have high energy returns on energy investments. These are onshore windmills, hydroelectric dams, geothermal power, and nuclear fission reactors. There is certainly some engineering we could do but that's just making the technology fit the specific situation, the hard engineering on making it work has been done. The only reason these energy sources aren't used more is the politics of NIMBY, bad science invading politics, irrational fear, a lack of freedom, a lack of a rule of law, and generally bad governments run by tyrants.

            The problem I see is politics. Compare North Korea with South Korea as those are an example of two populations with nearly every variable removed but one has a better political system than the other. Good economic policy leads to clean, abundant, and affordable energy. I'm not saying South Korea is the ideal on energy policy we need to follow, only that they are better than North Korea and are on a far better path than many nations of the world. South Korea still burns a lot of coal but they built many nuclear power plants and are building more, dammed up as many rivers as they could for hydro electric power, have built many windmills and are building more, and just generally appear to be on a good path to energy independence and keeping the air and water clean.

            Perhaps this can be summed up this way, look at the nations that rate highly on economic freedom, then look at how nations rate with air pollution and other metrics of a healthy environment. My guess is that everyone should see a high correlation between the two. Global warming is a "First World Problem", as in people that live in poverty don't much care about global warming. Nations with the most poverty tend to be those with the least freedom.

          • 1. reduction in poverty (known as the "demographic transition")

            2. increase in education levels

            3. access to birth control.

            Countries that aspire to sexual equality usually have lower birth rates. In that regard, the above points need to be equally applied to both men AND women.

        • overpopulation can't be a solvable problem...

          Actually it can, it's just the solution isn't one anyone would like. One Child Policy.

          Population growth is no longer a problem in most if not all of the worlds developed nations, in fact population decline is a bigger problem in many. In less developed countries population growth will eventually solve itself.

      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        Preventing fertilizer and manure from washing away in rivers is also an option.

      • Comment removed (Score:4, Interesting)

        by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Monday December 09, 2019 @11:02AM (#59500776)
        Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • by amorsen ( 7485 )

        Overpopulation not only can be a solvable problem, it is already solved.

        Since 2000 there has been 2 billion children on Earth. There is no sign that this number will increase in the future.

    • by Kokuyo ( 549451 ) on Monday December 09, 2019 @10:29AM (#59500610) Journal

      Uh, yeah.... no.

      One reason countries like China pollute is because we buy cheap ass products from them that nobody would have any reasonable chance to manufacture without quasi slave labor and then dumping the dreck into the rivers.

      Sure, their morals are questionable but we keep giving them money for that behavior knowing full well how that gimmick can only cost a buck.

    • What are you talking about? We are all going to live in space.

    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by Anonymous Coward

      Farmers rarely bear the brunt of the damage, which mainly affects fishing fleets and coastal areas. Two years ago, the meat industry in the US was found to be responsible for a massive dead zone measuring more than 8,000 sq miles in the Gulf of Mexico.

      It's not just the number of people it's more what they do.

    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • by hey! ( 33014 )

      In other words, poor countries.

      But poor people have much less impact on the environment than rich people. That's not necessarily true in every case (e.g. slash and burn agriculture), but it's true in most cases and certainly in this one.

      So logically speaking we should be considering reducing the population of wealthy countries as well as slowing the rate of growth of poor ones.

      • But poor people have much less impact on the environment than rich people. That's not necessarily true in every case (e.g. slash and burn agriculture), but it's true in most cases and certainly in this one.
        So logically speaking we should be considering reducing the population of wealthy countries as well as slowing the rate of growth of poor ones.

        Unsupported assertion. We could instead reduce the wealth of the most wealthy people in wealthy countries (who tend to have more impact) and spend their money on environmental restoration. More population means a larger tax base means more money to spend on such projects. But first, we have to wrest control of government away from corporate rapists.

      • Re: (Score:2, Funny)

        by DarkOx ( 621550 )

        So logically speaking we should be considering reducing the population of wealthy countries as well as slowing the rate of growth of poor ones.

        Good this is super easy. Almost all wealthy nations have a birth rate below the replacement rate today; it would drop even lower if you eliminated first generation immigrants. Literally all you have to do is STOP letting people from the shit-holes come into Western Europe and the States.

        Boom you'll have a rapidly declining number of 1st world middle class carbon foot prints.

        There is exactly zero reason to believe the the shit-hole nations would not follow the same demographic trends the 1st world did over

        • Good this is super easy. Almost all wealthy nations have a birth rate below the replacement rate today; it would drop even lower if you eliminated first generation immigrants

          Except a declining population brings with it a host of other problems. Here in Canada, and I expect in the US as well, the population pyramid is becoming inverted, with a larger percentage of old people (the baby boom generation) who require more health care and social services and fewer working age people to pay for those services.

          We need immigration to keep the population steady rather than declining at the very least. At the extreme of this phenomenon is Japan. It will be interesting to see how that w

    • The countries with the biggest populations and the fastest growing populations need to consider their part in the balance for a sustainable future.

      How about the countries with the largest per capita emissions, largest per capita energy consumption, and largest per capita waste do their bit too.

      • How about the countries with the largest per capita emissions, largest per capita energy consumption, and largest per capita waste do their bit too.

        So, your solution would, for a hypothetical, crack down on a country with a population of 10,000 people if that country had per capita energy consumption and emissions 1000x the world average, while ignoring a country of 1,000,000,000 with per capita energy consumption and emissions 90% of the world average?

        Even though the larger population country was 90x the

    • Why? So the "less people" that survive whatever culling we come up with, can still pillage and rape the planet?

      Perhaps we can also pillage less?

    • There are farming best management practices that can reduce or eliminate farm run-off of fertilizers, manure, sediment, etc. into rivers, which are the major cause of these coastal dead zones. Relatedly, the US could also stop supporting corn-derived ethanol. Corn farming run-off is particularly bad compared to other crops, in addition to the problem of diverting crop land to very inefficient fuel production instead of feeding people.

    • According to this link [sciencenews.org], ocean acidification is interfering with the formation of the silica shells of diatoms. Since most of the oxygen we breath is produced in the ocean by phytoplankton such as diatoms and coccolithophores, this should concern all of us. In my opinion, ocean acidification could be the most concerning issue for the sustainability of civilization in the long term. In the short to medium term I am most concerned with widespread crop failures due to shifting precipitation and drought patterns

    • ok, how do we get there?
      The obvious answer is less sex. You start first though ;)
      Seriously , if you want less people you have to have a reason because it either means killing people or getting a very large number of people to suffer by overcoming their natural appetite to reproduce. So unless you are going to claim a moral imperative to save the plant for future generations rooted in something a lot more significant than 'the common good' or some vague painful empathy for a group of people who currently d

  • alternate site (Score:5, Informative)

    by XXongo ( 3986865 ) on Monday December 09, 2019 @10:09AM (#59500548) Homepage
    The Scientific American story is here: https://www.scientificamerican... [scientificamerican.com]

    Or, Try this as an alternate site for more info: https://www.oceanscientists.or... [oceanscientists.org]

  • Here is some climate change news: the Obamas just bought a waterfront 6,892-square-foot seven bedrooms and nine bathrooms vacation home in Martha's Vineyard last week! This will go nicely with their 8,000 sqft house in DC and private jet to shuttle them between the vacation home and their DC home. Good thing they signed the Paris Accord. I wonder if they are at the climate conference explaining how we need to conserve.

  • Damn socialists! (Score:2, Interesting)

    by fbobraga ( 1612783 )
    Clearly, a problem generated by socialism!
  • by LynnwoodRooster ( 966895 ) on Monday December 09, 2019 @01:25PM (#59501444) Journal

    Not a lot of details about how this is from a Climate Emergency! causing the oceans to become devoid of life.

    Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes.

    OK, so the concern is that warming can cause a 3-4% reduction in oxygen levels over the next 80 years. But that is equivalent to a change in temp by less than 1 deg C, or a 10 meter depth change [fondriest.com], both of which happen pretty much every day to fish living in the euphotic zone, but several times over.

    This is akin to a person moving from sea level to 300 meters altitude over 80 years [higherpeak.com]. That dramatic drop in oxygen will cause an immediate cessation of all lift, right?

    The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Farmers rarely bear the brunt of the damage, which mainly affects fishing fleets and coastal areas. Two years ago, the meat industry in the US was found to be responsible for a massive dead zone measuring more than 8,000 sq miles in the Gulf of Mexico.

    Huh. Not climate change, but pollution from farm runoff. Algal blooms from fertilizer runoff [noaa.gov] is well known, and that algae definitely creates dead zones. But that's not from Climate Emergency! but agricultural processes and policies.

    “Ending overfishing would strengthen the ocean, making it more capable of withstanding climate change and restoring marine ecosystems – and it can be done now,” explained Rashid Sumaila, professor and director of the fisheries economics research unit at the University of British Columbia.

    So more fish consuming the dissolved oxygen is a good situation, given the increasing temperatures of the sea? Really?

    This isn't about climate change, this is about dire warnings about #CurrentPopularDisaster and dressing it up with Climate Emergency!

  • More doom and gloom over a problem that's been solved.

    How has the problem been solved? I will explain.

    We know how to get energy that is cheaper, more reliable, safer, and just as abundant as fossil fuels. The O2 and CO2 in the air correlates highly with that in the ocean since the water will exchange the O2 and CO2 with the air from this large boundary between the two we call an "ocean". If we increase CO2 or O2 in the air then it increases in the water.

    What are these energy sources? They are onshore wi

I have hardly ever known a mathematician who was capable of reasoning. -- Plato

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