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United States Medicine

What Happens If the US Does Absolutely Nothing To Combat COVID-19? (twitter.com) 595

On Monday, the Imperial College report on COVID-19 was released and the results are terrifying. For those who may not know, the Imperial College in London "has advised the government on its response to previous epidemics, including SARS, avian flu and swine flu," reports The New York Times. "With ties to the World Health Organization and a team of 50 scientists, led by a prominent epidemiologist, Neil Ferguson, Imperial is treated as a sort of gold standard, its mathematical models feeding directly into government policies."

In a series of tweets, Jeremy C. Young, Assistant Professor of History at Dixie State, summarized what the report says would happen if the U.S. does absolutely nothing. That is, if we treat COVID-19 like the flu, go about our business, and let the virus take its course. The Imperial College team plugged infection and death rates from China, Korea, and Italy into epidemic modeling software and ran a simulation... Here's what would happen: 80% of Americans would get the disease. 0.9% of them would die. Between 4 and 8 percent of all Americans over the age of 70 would die. 2.2 million Americans would die from the virus itself. It gets worse. People with severe COVID-19 need to be put on ventilators. 50% of those on ventilators still die, but the other 50% live. But in an unmitigated epidemic, the need for ventilators would be 30 times the number available in the US. Nearly 100% of these patients die.

So the actual death toll from the virus would be closer to 4 million Americans -- in a span of 3 months. 8-15% of all Americans over 70 would die. How many is 4 million people? It's more Americans than have died all at once from anything, ever. It's the population of Los Angeles. It's 4 times the number of Americans who died in the Civil War...on both sides combined. It's two-thirds as many people as died in the Holocaust. Americans make up 4.4% of the world's population. If we extrapolate these numbers to the rest of the world (warning: MOE is high here), this gives us 90 million deaths globally from COVID-19, in 3-6 months. 15 Holocausts. 1.5 times as many people as died in all of World War II.
The Imperial College then ran the numbers for what would happen if countries assumed a "mitigation" strategy and "suppression" strategy. You can read the full summarized breakdown of what happens in each scenario below, but basically the mitigation strategy flattens the curve with an actual death toll at around two million deaths while the suppression strategy has the death rate in the U.S. peaking at 3 weeks with only a few thousand deaths.

You can view a screenshot of the thread below:
WhatWouldHappen1 WhatWouldHappen2
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What Happens If the US Does Absolutely Nothing To Combat COVID-19?

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  • by Rosco P. Coltrane ( 209368 ) on Wednesday March 18, 2020 @11:33PM (#59847018)

    8-15% of all Americans over 70 would die.

    Miami would become a ghost town.

    • by Kohath ( 38547 )

      How does about 10% fewer residents equal "a ghost town"?

    • It's two-thirds as many people as died in the Holocaust.

      The Tribe just can't summon the discipline not to shove that horseshit in our faces one last time.

      They must get tiny little circumcised hard-ons every time they mash that holohaux button.
    • I'm sure you mean this as a joke, but in truth overall MIami's population is far younger than you might suspect. The impact of the ICL simulation would be tragic, no doubt, but Miami would still be alive. It's actually been getting younger since about 2000 or so.

    • by lgw ( 121541 ) on Thursday March 19, 2020 @12:52AM (#59847274) Journal

      8-15% of all Americans over 70 would die.

      Thing is, about the same as the normal death rate for seniors. Would more die this year, or would they just die of this instead of the flu or anything else that came along and challenged their system?

      We may end up with a controlled experiment to find out, if Britain goes ahead with it's "keep calm and carry on" approach the the Wuhan Flu, and America isolates everyone as much as practical. I think we'll see some difference in death rates, from better use of ventilators as the infection wave is spread out over more weeks, but everyone is still going to get it.

      I'm not sure that's a good trade-off for destroying the economy. But I think this argument works better: lots of people are going to die. Afterwards, are we the people that did everything practical to save who we could, or are we the other group? Even if it doesn't make a real difference in death toll, it will make a real difference to the survivors to know we at least tried.

      • Re:I fear for Miami (Score:5, Informative)

        by dcw3 ( 649211 ) on Thursday March 19, 2020 @07:02AM (#59848024) Journal

        "Thing is, about the same as the normal death rate for seniors. "

        Um, the "normal death rate" is not inclusive of the people who would die from COVID-19. They would die in addition to that (with some tiny overlap).

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        It's as much a political calculation as anything. The Republicans have an election to fight this year and they don't want a significant fraction of their supporters to die prematurely.

        At the same time they have to consider how any action they take will affect their election chances.

        The science is secondary to all those considerations.

      • 8-15% of all Americans over 70 would die.

        Thing is, about the same as the normal death rate for seniors.

        No, it isn't. The normal death rate for Americans aged 70-74 is 2.3% and 1.5% for men and women respectively. For 75-84 it's 6.6% and 4.8% (that's an average across a decade; obviously people at the low end of that range have lower rates and people at the high end of that range have higher rates). For 85+, now you're into COVID-19 range, at 16.7% and 14.2%.

        Would more die this year

        Yes, more would die this year. COVID19 death would be roughly independent of other causes of death.

  • by flyingfsck ( 986395 ) on Wednesday March 18, 2020 @11:37PM (#59847022)
    We don't 'do nothing against flu'! There is a Massive inoculation program and anti-viral drugs and despite that, 1 billion people get infected and 500,000 die from flu every year. Fortunately, the current hand washing scare will help against flu also.
    • Yeah, maybe this will be the best flu season ever (excluding coronavirus).
    • by invictusvoyd ( 3546069 ) on Thursday March 19, 2020 @12:25AM (#59847154)

      1 billion people get infected and 500,000 die from flu every year. Fortunately, the current hand washing scare will help against flu also.

      CDC estimates that influenza has resulted in between 9 million â" 45 million illnesses, between 140,000 â" 810,000 hospitalizations and between 12,000 â" 61,000 deaths annually since 2010.
      https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/... [cdc.gov]
      get your figures right

    • The numbers cited in the OP are quite simply bollocks.

      It makes the assumption that 0.9% of people who get Coronavirus will die, and that is quite simply not the case. 0.9% of *severe cases* may die, but that is a far cry from all cases. All evidence points to the virus being minor to the point of not knowing you have it - for most people.

      Furthermore, studies are showing that chloroquinine is effective in treating Coronavirus, we already know that this drug is safe, we have a lot of it on hand, and Bayer jus

      • by AleRunner ( 4556245 ) on Thursday March 19, 2020 @04:17AM (#59847718)

        The numbers cited in the OP are quite simply bollocks.

        It makes the assumption that 0.9% of people who get Coronavirus will die, and that is quite simply not the case. 0.9% of *severe cases* may die, but that is a far cry from all cases. All evidence points to the virus being minor to the point of not knowing you have it - for most people.

        You seem to be completely not getting this and need to read the Tomas Pueyo [medium.com] article which actually has more useful modelling than imperial college (though both are right). Lack of visible infection is the virus's killer feature. This enables it to spread fast enough with exponential growth that it will get to most people without us being able to isolate them unless we do widespread testing.

        The death rate of 0.9% is optimistic and is based on proper health care. There have been a number of situations with entirely closed populations where almost everyone has been infected and in many of these case the death rate has been more of the 2%-5% level. In cases like Italy where the health care system has been overwhelmed similar, or even greater, death rates seem to be possible. E.g. 5% to 12%.

        In other words, the low death rate numbers are dependent on heavy action now. To be frank it's probably a bit late for the USA.

      • You still don't get it, do you? The goal is not to avoid it, the goal is to flatten the peak. The reason for this is that yes, 1% fatalities are possible. If, and only if, everyone who needs medical treatment can get it. Else fatality rates are closer to 5%, and that's the optimistic number, more pessimistic ones put it closer to 10%.

        Now, ventilators will be a rare resource in the comming weeks. Twice so if we don't do jack shit. Ponder for a moment what will happen when you notice that something that could

  • There are also good articles to read on why the worst case scenarios you read about simply will not come to pass [jpost.com] - a really great point in that article is that even under optimum virus catching conditions, people practically swimming in Covid19 on the Diamond Princess cruise ship, only 20% of the people there caught it. That indicates possibly a large percentage of natural immunity.

    So far the death numbers in the U.S. are not increasing exponentially, so a more conservative scenario just seems much more lik

    • by timeOday ( 582209 ) on Wednesday March 18, 2020 @11:59PM (#59847074)
      Actually the people on the cruise ship were quarantined to their rooms. We really don't know how many would have caught it had they continued to saunter through the buffet line a few times per day.
    • That's a whole lot of "possibly" right there. Not odds I'm interested in playing.

    • by hey! ( 33014 )

      But they also effectively jailed everyone on the Diamond Princess in their room with no outside contact. This is essentially the same action China took to shut down transmission in Wuhan.

      So that doesn't represent the worst case scenario by a long shot.

      The index case on the Diamond Princess was infected on January 20, and detected twelve days later on February 1. The ship was quarantined and passengers were confined to their rooms on February 5. So presuming all the infections occurred while people were s

      • But they also effectively jailed everyone on the Diamond Princess in their room with no outside contact..

        They had frequent contact with the crew, and many with each other via balconies.

    • by Kohath ( 38547 )

      Yeah. About 2% of the Wuhan people got it. Maybe as many as 4%. Why would we guess that anything drastically different would happen anywhere else?

      A lot of the let's hurry up and get a head start on total quarantine noise seems to ignore the treatment progress and the likelihood that warmer weather will help.

      And the fact that the virus barely exists at all in many places. Why should Kansas City go on total lockdown, for example? They only have 2 cases.

      • Yeah. About 2% of the Wuhan people got it. Maybe as many as 4%. Why would we guess that anything drastically different would happen anywhere else?

        Exactly. Americans landed on the moon so I'm sure all the other countries have landed people on the moon too.
        checking...

        Oh it turns out that if you do different things, you get different results.
        Who knew !

    • by Hrrrg ( 565259 )

      So far the death numbers in the U.S. are not increasing exponentially, so a more conservative scenario just seems much more likely than a fully pessimistic one.

      I hope you are right. However, in Italy, the cases rose from 1 case to 21,000 cases in 3 weeks. Conditions there are different from much of the U.S., but in some places like NYC, you might see a similarly dramatic rise in cases.

    • by Angelwrath ( 125723 ) on Thursday March 19, 2020 @12:28AM (#59847166)

      I share the contrarian viewpoint: the ICL article is based on computer simulation. Computers simulate humans poorly, to be kind. What's more, from the article itself you can see clearly the gaps in the simulation's capabilities: it fails to account for many different feedback mechanisms that herd society towards doing the right thing, and how far we will go to do it (including widespread mobility countermeasures, such as those enabled in Italy). The simulation's results show us the worst possible scenario, and people will get scared enough to avoid that eventually.

    • There are also good articles to read on why the worst case scenarios you read about simply will not come to pass [jpost.com]

      The article says the disease is slowing down in China and it's peak has passed there. The US is just starting to increase in the number of cases.

      people practically swimming in Covid19 on the Diamond Princess cruise ship, only 20% of the people there caught it

      You mean after detecting the first cases, passengers were immediately quarantined to their rooms? It seems like you left out a few details.

      That indicates possibly a large percentage of natural immunity.

      No it does not. In 2007, researchers found that the coronavirus actually evades parts of the immune system [nih.gov]: "Our data suggests that the SARS-CoV uses specific strategies to evade and antagonize the sensing and signaling arms of

    • So far the death numbers in the U.S. are not increasing exponentially, so a more conservative scenario just seems much more likely than a fully pessimistic one.

      Are you sure? [worldometers.info]
      The start is going to be quite lumpy with lots of groups like the aged care facility. Expect it to smooth out and ramp up fast as more and more get infected.

  • What is worse is (Score:5, Insightful)

    by bobstreo ( 1320787 ) on Wednesday March 18, 2020 @11:50PM (#59847052)

    when the Spanish Flu hit in 1918, it came in 3 different waves, over a year total. It wasn't a one and done deal. Expect corona to pop up again a couple times.

    • It's also in the Southern Hemisphere where fall and winter are both yet to come. Not that it matters - we all live and work in air conditioning now. Summer flu hiatus only applies to certain types of day jobs.

  • The economy? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Tester ( 591 ) <olivier.crete@oc ... .ca minus author> on Thursday March 19, 2020 @12:02AM (#59847086) Homepage

    I've yet to find a comparable serious study of the effects of the lock down on the welfare and the health of everyone who survives. The current course set by China and European countries is driving us towards freezing all economic activity. We risk not a recession, but an economic depression. That Imperial College report suggest keeping the lockdown for 18 months, we've never done anything so drastic. We know that unemployment and poverty have serious health consequences. We know that this kind of stress is terrible for everyone's health. I'd like to find if there is anything out there from experts trying to quantify it?

    The most interesting statistic I saw is that the average dead patient in Italy is 79.5, wherehas the normal life expectancy is 82.5, so we're talking shortening the lifespan by 3 years on average for those who die. If 1% die, that's an effect of 0.3 years on the life expectancy. What is the effect of economic depression on life expectancy?

  • Realistically speaking, without a vaccine the virus is unstoppable. Right now it looks as if it's as infectious as measles, but unlike measles carriers are asymptomatic. And like measles, SARS-NCOV-2 will keep coming back for another encore.

    So, hopefully that vaccine will work out and be ready to go ASAP.

  • by Hrrrg ( 565259 ) on Thursday March 19, 2020 @12:25AM (#59847158)

    Although young people are less likely to die, 38% of patients requiring hospitalization were between the ages of 20 and 54. And if the hospitals are full...

    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/0... [nytimes.com]

  • I don't understand (Score:3, Insightful)

    by kenh ( 9056 ) on Thursday March 19, 2020 @12:27AM (#59847162) Homepage Journal

    In a series of tweets, Jeremy C. Young, Assistant Professor of History at Dixie State, summarized what the report says would happen if the U.S. does absolutely nothing. That is, if we treat COVID-19 like the flu, go about our business, and let the virus take its course.

    But we ARE doing something, and we will be doing more things as time goes on - I don't understand the point of this "if the US does nothing" theory.

    I guess we could take their imaginary what if scenario, and subtract what actually happens after we do the things we are and will do, then we'll know how many people owe their lives to the actions taken by this administration. For example, the report says that if we do nothing 4 million people will die, but at the end of this only 500,000 people die, than we know the actions of the Trump administration saved 3.5 million lives, right?

    Is that the point of this elaborate fictional report?

    You may challenge me calling it fictional, but we know almost nothing about Covid-19 - for instance, is it a seasonal virus? We don't know, but the folks that wrote the report just made up a whole lot of missing facts and invented some dramatic possibilities.

    • by Kohath ( 38547 )

      I don't understand the point of this "if the US does nothing" theory...

      Lots of people like attention. They get a little dopamine hit from being the center of discussion.

    • by ljw1004 ( 764174 ) on Thursday March 19, 2020 @01:43AM (#59847390)

      I guess we could take their imaginary what if scenario, and subtract what actually happens after we do the things we are and will do, then we'll know how many people owe their lives to the actions taken by this administration. For example, the report says that if we do nothing 4 million people will die, but at the end of this only 500,000 people die, than we know the actions of the Trump administration saved 3.5 million lives, right? Is that the point of this elaborate fictional report?

      The point is obviously to inform governments around the world what they should do. The report has already caused the UK government to significantly change course. We've seen the US administration also change course dramatically over the past few weeks -- presumably based on similar behind-closed-doors assessments, although whether those assessments are as good as those coming out of Imperial is anyone's guess.

      You may challenge me calling it fictional, but we know almost nothing about Covid-19 - for instance, is it a seasonal virus? We don't know, but the folks that wrote the report just made up a whole lot of missing facts and invented some dramatic possibilities.

      It's quite silly to call it "fictional". We always have to make predictions based on best available knowledge. It's what investors do. It's what government planners do. It's what military strategists do. It's what we do when we're dating. It's what everyone does all the time. They didn't "just made up a lot of missing facts and invented possibilities" -- they used their expert experience to make the well-informed guesses, probably the best educated guesses we've heard so far.

      Is your point that we shouldn't make such sweeping changes to our economy without more certainty about Covid-19? That very assertion is itself a guess. It's a guess that the net outcome of delaying the changes until we have more certainty, is better than the net outcome of acting sooner. The only question is, is it a "best educated guess"? I can't tell because (if that is indeed your point) you didn't provide any working, any estimates of the outcomes under the two scenarios.

    • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

      You should read past the title of the story. Reading to the end of the summary (text) would tell you that there were three main scenarios covered in the report. Reading the irritating series of tweets would tell you about the other two scenarios. Or just read the summary in the report itself.

    • But we ARE doing something, and we will be doing more things as time goes on - I don't understand the point of this "if the US does nothing" theory.

      Maybe you should read Slashdot more. A large portion of the people are pointing to raw statistics and assuming we're doing nothing and that everyone is crying wolf. It is VERY important than when managing a crisis you also remind people why you are managing a crisis. Otherwise you get nothing but nutjobs out the other end saying the Y2K bug was a myth and a scam, and the next time you face a crisis you will find incredible resistance to your actions.

      What if scenarios are important to model the success of so

  • How do we know it wasnt here back in november? The symptoms are the same as many other seasonal illnesses.
  • by jriskin ( 132491 ) on Thursday March 19, 2020 @12:38AM (#59847208) Homepage

    It seems like if after 3-6 months the vaccine was promising, you would start production immediately and simply not distribute it until the study was complete. It would be worth doing this with multiple vaccine candidates and only use the ones that pass the test.

    The economic and death costs of not having it ready and waiting 4 additional months would GREATLY outweigh and economic loss of producing it ahead of time.

    • by kenh ( 9056 )

      It doesn't take that long to produce a vaccine dose, and try to defend warehouses full of hundreds of millions of believed good vaccines that you won't distribute yet, even though people are dying.

  • by Opportunist ( 166417 ) on Thursday March 19, 2020 @05:48AM (#59847900)

    Yes, the virus will kill a few people. But that is not the problem, and certainly not the reason why we go to extreme means to fight it. The reason is that we cannot deal with the fallout if it hits us undamped.

    The main problem here is that people who develop a severe case need respiratory aid, i.e. intensive medical care of a very specific type. No country on the planet has enough facilities for such a case, not even if the virus was an insulated matter of a single country and everyone donates their ventilators to that country. Now ponder this for a moment:

    a) Someone you love is sick and will die with about 5-10% chance if they don't get hooked to a ventilator, which five- to tenfolds their survival chances.
    b) There are not enough such ventilators available.

    Now who do you think will get those ventilators? You? Your father/grandfather? Or rather someone who "helpfully donated" some sum to the hospital that you won't even see in your life if you worked 'til you're 250?

    This virus is a riot waiting to happen, when people start fighting over the medical equipment to allow their loved ones to survive. This is the main threat here. Whether the virus kills 1% or 0.1% of those it infects is meaningless. What's the powder keg here is that there is something you could do to improve someone's survival chances but the resources that allow you this are in very short supply and you can't really squirrel them away in some hiding place, they're right there in plain view for everyone to see that you get to die while some rich old guy gets to breathe.

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