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Dangerous Fungi Are Spreading Across US as Temperatures Rise (wsj.com) 69

Dangerous fungal infections are on the rise, and a growing body of research suggests warmer temperatures might be a culprit. From a report: The human body's average temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit has long been too hot for most fungi to thrive, infectious-disease specialists say. But as temperatures have risen globally, some fungi might be adapting to endure more heat stress, including conditions within the human body, research suggests. Climate change might also be creating conditions for some disease-causing fungi to expand their geographical range, research shows.

"As fungi are exposed to more consistent elevated temperatures, there's a real possibility that certain fungi that were previously harmless suddenly become potential pathogens," said Peter Pappas, an infectious-disease specialist at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Deaths from fungal infections are increasing, due in part to growing populations of people with weakened immune systems who are more vulnerable to severe fungal disease, public-health experts said. At least 7,000 people died in the U.S. from fungal infections in 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said, up from hundreds of people each year around 1970. There are few effective and nontoxic medications to treat such infections, they said.

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Dangerous Fungi Are Spreading Across US as Temperatures Rise

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  • Ermagerd! (Score:4, Insightful)

    by gosso920 ( 6330142 ) on Thursday February 02, 2023 @10:03AM (#63259617)
    Ferngus! The warmmongers are running out of ideas to keep fear alive.
    • Re:Ermagerd! (Score:5, Insightful)

      by nightflameauto ( 6607976 ) on Thursday February 02, 2023 @10:13AM (#63259653)

      This is just stealth advertising for "The Last of Us."

      • I've never heard of it. I assume it's a movie or a video game? The summary doesn't say anything about it. The article is paywalled. Doesn't sound like a very effective ad.

        You, however, did mention it.

        • Both(absolutely amazing game and HBO tv show) the premise is as temperatures rise Cordyceps which is an insect brain controlling fungus will adapt and stop dieing at human body temperature. When that happens the fear is it will start infecting humans.
          • I think normal, boring, death and debilitation is more likely to be the outcome of new diseases. Not a zombie apocalypse.

            But I see how a certain type of mind would be drawn to a more "entertaining" prospect and seek to inject it into reality. The same kind who rapturously consume covid conspiracies, AIDS conspiracies, and so on down through the history of infectious disease.

            • Which is kinda what I'm assuming the entire point of this article is. Probably some lonely science nerd that got too doped up to remember they watched the beginning of the beginning of the HBO show (which stars with a theoretical talk from an expert on fungi speaking about exactly this possible scenario if global temperatures rise) and thought they had come up with a novel new way to scare the shit out of people. Of course the media loves it, because it should, if true, scare the shit out of people. We just

    • by gtall ( 79522 )

      Said the person confident that HE won't get a mycosis from one of the spreading fungi. Good luck finding a doctor who even knows what is that infection.

      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        by gosso920 ( 6330142 )
        7000 deaths, out of a population of 334 million. Yeah, I'm pretty sure I won't be part of the .002%.
        • The point is that it went from hundreds of cases a year to over 7000 in 50 years. Not exactly the next great mass extinction event but something interesting to study.

          • And the population went up from 203 million to 334 million in 50 years.
            • by suutar ( 1860506 ) on Thursday February 02, 2023 @12:57PM (#63260121)

              So a 50% increase in population leads to about a 1000% increase in lethal fungal infections? That seems unlikely to be the only cause.

              • How about the fact that the last two generations (~50yrs worth) have been kept more and more away from the outdoors where they would encounter and develop resistance to the fungi and other things?
                • by suutar ( 1860506 )

                  Fungus is a lot more complex than virii and bacteria. Is resistance really a thing?

                  • Absolutely. Regardless of complexity, to your body, a fungal infection is much like a bacterial infection, except antifungals are for the most part also all toxic to us, unlike antibiotics which are for the most part all quite safe to us and devastating to bacteria. You do prime your immune system with continual limited exposure, which people are by and large not getting anymore to bacteria or fungal spores.
                • by fazig ( 2909523 )
                  That works best for viruses and to some degree for bacteria as well. However fungi are very different micro-organisms that are even closer related to animals than plants are, giving our natural defenses a much harder time fighting them off.

                  It's really mostly our relatively high metabolic heat output that keeps fungal infections limited to areas where temperatures are relatively low, like the skin. There are some fungi like yeasts that can survive much higher temperatures and can infect many internal organ
          • In 50 years where we have started deploying massive immunosuppressive drug regimes. Organ transplant recipients are on immunosuppression for life. It's well-known that they are at higher risk for these diseases.

            The fungi are everywhere. Anyone who has lived in the Ohio or Mississippi River valleys for any length of time has had a mycotic infection, usually numerous ones, as can be seen on a chest X-ray (they leave small calcifications in the lung).
          • Re:Ermagerd! (Score:4, Interesting)

            by BackwardPawn ( 1356049 ) on Thursday February 02, 2023 @12:54PM (#63260107)
            This is similar to the lonestar tick. Its bite causes a potential lifetime allergy to red meat, but it used to be found only in a small area of Texas. In the last few years, its spread out into all the southern states because temperatures are on the rise. Where there used to be a couple dozen cases of red meat allergy in a year, there's now thousands. Its still uncommon, but its enough to make you wear insect repellant in the woods.
        • Re:Ermagerd! (Score:5, Interesting)

          by slack_justyb ( 862874 ) on Thursday February 02, 2023 @11:40AM (#63259899)

          Yeah, I'm pretty sure I won't be part of the .002%

          You and the other person I think focus on the wrong parts here. Cleaning fugal infestations and medical care for fugal infections are expensive. Like just the medical side of things (both direct and indirect costs) are conservatively estimated at $11.5 billion and could be as high as $48 billion [oup.com]. Which puts it up there for costs in medical terms. Mostly because as you put it, it's only 0.002% or the population who die from it. But even if you don't die from it, you're walking away with a pretty substantial bill, that's going to be difficult for insurance to help you make it go away.

          I think that's the thing people tend to forget about all this medical shit. Shoot, dying ain't the bad part, they can't make a corpse pay the bill. Like COVID, yeah it's taking out a good bit of the population but, y'know, it's just 1%. But dying from COVID isn't the worse outcome. If you've got to have an ECMO and 24/7 supervision, on May 11th, the Government isn't helping pay your insurance bills any more. You're looking at seven figures before insurance.

          The thing is, these things aren't cheap to treat if they get serious. That's all I'm saying. The death part, that's a not really a big deal, we all going at some point. It's the 30 years of your life paying the bill part that's, IMHO, more important here. You get this and if it's bad, man you are ending up with a life crippling bill. I don't know why anyone thinks the rate of death is the important part? Clearly a lot of you all haven't ever had serious medical expenses.

          Also. We've all got to understand something here. Science is reporting a fact and the Wall Street Journal is reporting it. Now I read the article, yeah, they amped up what the paper at the heart of this story [pnas.org] is saying. The bigger point is heat stress stimulates TE mobility in the Cryptococcus genome. Which is pretty damn neat in that the sequence of the fungus is changing to adapt to warmer temperatures providing for evidence that mobile elements are likely to facilitate microevolution and rapid adaptation during infection. Now that's pretty cool in my opinion. One, that the fungus genome can do this. Two, meaning that a more rapidly evolving fungus is going to make our already limited treatment options pretty shit. But I think the entire rapidly moving sequences bit is pretty damn cool in terms of DNA doesn't usually do that. I mean there's obvious cases and conditions where this happens but for this fungus with those modes, that's pretty unique and neat.

          Anyways, that's the point of the paper and WSJ takes that and runs with the "we're all going to die!" aspect. Maybe, maybe not, I mean this paper isn't really pointing toward any kind of conclusion in that respect. It's just saying that it's going to make it more "interesting" trying to fight infections. So you all have to keep a keen awareness of the difference between the actual scientist that are reporting and WSJ. I know everyone loves to say science is chicken little, but they're just reporting on findings. Take it as you want it, because clearly the WSJ is going to take it to mean we're all going to die.

          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            by Gilgaron ( 575091 )
            Yes this has been an ongoing refrain when folks were misunderstanding risk from COVID. Dying is bad but it is hardly the most expensive potential outcome from an infection. It's like the difference between life insurance and disability insurance. The former needs to pay to have you buried and maybe a few years of income for your spouse to readjust, the latter is anything up to a daily nurse visit for the rest of your life plus whoever lives with you having a diminished capacity for work. The "The Econom
      • Re: (Score:1, Funny)

        Meh. Just smear some horse cream on it.

        • I had a great time reading the Amazon reviews. The complaints about the taste were the best. This was supposed to be apple flavored! Uh buddy I don't think the horse was the one complaining there.

    • Fixed that for you (Score:3, Insightful)

      by OrangeTide ( 124937 )

      The scientifically literate are running out of ideas to keep us alive.

    • Re:Ermagerd! (Score:5, Insightful)

      by srmalloy ( 263556 ) on Thursday February 02, 2023 @10:40AM (#63259751) Homepage
      Clickbait lives... "...there's a real possibility..." and "...become potential pathogens.", and the title is "Dangerous Fungi are spreading..." -- wiping out the 'maybes' and 'perhaps' in the interest of having a more eye-catching title. Something I'd expect of journalists puffing the CAGC dogma.
      • From the summary :

        Deaths from fungal infections are increasing, due in part to growing populations of people with weakened immune systems who are more vulnerable to severe fungal disease, public-health experts said. At least 7,000 people died in the U.S. from fungal infections in 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said, up from hundreds of people each year around 1970. There are few effective and nontoxic medications to treat such infections, they said.

        Look at the last sentence... Few nont

        • Deaths from fungal infections can increase due to an increase in weakened immune systems without any previously-harmless fungi becoming dangerous. And we see the same "waffle in the article, certainty in the title" clickbait in a Gizmodo article [gizmodo.com], where the article is full of "could", "may", "might", "suggested", "probably", "possible", and "it's not a sure thing", while the title says "Climate change Is Making Fungi More Dangerous".
    • jeez, you're a fungi to be around

    • Peter Pappas, an infectious-disease specialist at the University of Alabama at Birmingham

      Well I will grant you that Alabama is last (or nearly) in all education metrics but he doesn't seem like a warmonger. http://scholars.uab.edu/displa... [uab.edu]

      • by Anonymous Coward
        The term was warm-monger. I think it's new term of derision adopted by people who don't or won't understand basic thermodynamics for people who do understand basic thermodynamics.
    • by rcb1974 ( 654474 )
      Yup! You nailed it gosso920.
    • Some items to note:

      The average human body temperature is getting lower. That 98.6 number is now more like 97.8. The lower it goes, the easier it is for fungal infections to take hold.

      Fungal infections are hard to get under control. The biological similarities between us and fungus make it really difficult to find medicines that hurt the fungus and that don't hurt us. The cure is poison.

      God only knows the knock on, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and completely unintended side effects of global genetic e

  • by transcender ( 888893 ) on Thursday February 02, 2023 @10:10AM (#63259637)
    #fungalmarketing Big fan of The Last of Us
  • Just started watching The Last Of Us.

  • by PPH ( 736903 )

    There's a fungus among us.

  • Only a matter of time before the zombie apocalypse.
  • I don't know that COVID is implicated in broad immune issues, but certainly folks that narrowly survived would be more susceptible to an opportunistic infection from fungi.
  • by rahmrh ( 939610 ) on Thursday February 02, 2023 @12:19PM (#63260005)

    Note that 50 years ago these were almost impossible to diagnose. The tests to diag fungal infections are custom and have to be specifically requested and are only done by one or 2 labs for each different fungus variant test. And we also are using a lot more drugs that compromise the immune system producing a larger number of people that can get the infection.

    Note that I personally know someone who was (taking cellcept for lupus) somewhat immuno-compromised and initially had a lung histoplasmosis infection(no idea how long they had this), that eventually moved to dissemiated infection (they had this for 12-18 months at least, and doctors did not diagnose it in this stage even though they suspect a fungal infection and were doing a lot of tests for different infections). That person was given an IV RITUXAN immuno-supressive and that allowed it to move to the brain. It took 3 days in ICU before I asked for a spinal tap (to relieve suspected pressure on the brain) and they saw yeast growing in the spinal fluid (that should have nothing in it) and then they then asked for the specific fungal tests to be run, and that confirmed what the infection was. This was in a US based level-1 trauma center ICU in the last 10 years, and by the time they figured it out, it was too late for the patient. I would bet that today there are less fungal infections that are being missed (but still quite a lot, and some may only be found by the medical examiner--if they are competent enough to do their job--so there are probably cases missed here also).

    I think we are only seeing an increase around their being more medically immuno-comprimised patients (see advertisements that say "tell your doctor if you are from an area with a risk of fungal infections"), and the rest of the infections were always there, but the real cause of death (ie unknown infection was the cause of death) was being missed. The trend may simple be because we can diagnose it.

  • There's a fungus among us!

  • by Fly Swatter ( 30498 ) on Thursday February 02, 2023 @12:38PM (#63260069) Homepage
    I think it is not that the Fungi have adapted, but it is instead that the year round habitable zone has increased significantly. Less areas now get sustainably cold enough to wipe out the Fungi for the season, so more of the population has exposure to it.

    Simple Explanation.
  • Suggests might. or might not. yeah, probably not.

  • there's a real possibility that certain fungi that were previously harmless suddenly become potential pathogens If these fungi grow/prosper in warmer climates, that should mean the least educated portion of this country (i.e. the South) will be hardest hit so the country's IQ will rise.
    • Unfortunately those areas are already warm, so they already have the fungus, and it's people further north you have to worry about now.

  • The human body's average temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit has long been too hot for most fungi to thrive, infectious-disease specialists say. But as temperatures have risen globally, some fungi might be adapting to endure more heat stress,

    Um, there are large swaths of the US where it is routinely above 98.6, and has been for long before there was climate change. This is one of the most hair-brained 'theories' I have ever heard.

  • One form of fungus has already infected the Linux kernel.
  • Another minor factor may also be that the average human body temperature is not 98.6F anymore and hasn't been for a long time. Search on 'human body temperature decreasing' and you'll find plenty of publications.
  • There is a fungus found in the greater Phoenix, AZ area that ushers folks to very weakened immune systems - called Valley Fever.

    Politicians in the area work hard to deny the existence, for fear of the potential bad stigma.
    Yet, I know folks that have "caught" it and died from the indirect pathogenic affects.
    Ask the Mayo Clinic.

    It gets into people via breathing - especially during and after a haboob (wind storm) that kicks-up dust, uncovering growths and spreading it.
    From the lungs, it works it's way i

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