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New Wind and Solar Energy Projects Are Now Overwhelming America's Antiquated Electrical Grids (msn.com) 170

An explosion in proposed clean energy ventures in America "has overwhelmed the system for connecting new power sources to homes and businesses," reports the New York Times: So many projects are trying to squeeze through the approval process that delays can drag on for years, leaving some developers to throw up their hands and walk away.

More than 8,100 energy projects — the vast majority of them wind, solar and batteries — were waiting for permission to connect to electric grids at the end of 2021, up from 5,600 the year before, jamming the system known as interconnection.... PJM Interconnection, which operates the nation's largest regional grid, stretching from Illinois to New Jersey, has been so inundated by connection requests that last year it announced a freeze on new applications until 2026, so that it can work through a backlog of thousands of proposals, mostly for renewable energy.

It now takes roughly four years, on average, for developers to get approval, double the time it took a decade ago. And when companies finally get their projects reviewed, they often face another hurdle: the local grid is at capacity, and they are required to spend much more than they planned for new transmission lines and other upgrades. Many give up. Fewer than one-fifth of solar and wind proposals actually make it through the so-called interconnection queue, according to research from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. "From our perspective, the interconnection process has become the No. 1 project killer," said Piper Miller, vice president of market development at Pine Gate Renewables, a major solar power and battery developer....

A potentially bigger problem for solar and wind is that, in many places around the country, the local grid is clogged, unable to absorb more power. That means if a developer wants to build a new wind farm, it might have to pay not just for a simple connecting line, but also for deeper grid upgrades elsewhere.... These costs can be unpredictable. In 2018, EDP North America, a renewable energy developer, proposed a 100-megawatt wind farm in southwestern Minnesota, estimating it would have to spend $10 million connecting to the grid. But after the grid operator completed its analysis, EDP learned the upgrades would cost $80 million. It canceled the project.

That creates a new problem: When a proposed energy project drops out of the queue, the grid operator often has to redo studies for other pending projects and shift costs to other developers, which can trigger more cancellations and delays. It also creates perverse incentives, experts said. Some developers will submit multiple proposals for wind and solar farms at different locations without intending to build them all. Instead, they hope that one of their proposals will come after another developer who has to pay for major network upgrades. The rise of this sort of speculative bidding has further jammed up the queue.

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New Wind and Solar Energy Projects Are Now Overwhelming America's Antiquated Electrical Grids

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  • by JoshuaZ ( 1134087 ) on Monday February 27, 2023 @07:46AM (#63326308) Homepage
    We know what the solution here is, make it easier to build new electric infrastructure. In this context, the permitting reform that Senator Manchin wanted as part of the big compromise but then did not get through would have been a major help here. Luckily, that push may not be completely dead https://www.eenews.net/articles/manchin-westerman-plot-another-push-for-permitting-reform/ [eenews.net].
    • Re: (Score:2, Troll)

      We need legislation to sweep away all the NIMBY lawsuits when it comes to building energy infrastructure. Same for opening mines. There of course should be environmental review and safeguards but, to quote Bill Maher, it's impossible to get anything done in this impacted colon of a country thanks to the courts.
    • by hainesbridge ( 2558375 ) on Monday February 27, 2023 @09:46AM (#63326478)
      Manchin got pushback from both conservatives and progressives on his proposed legislation. The biggest hurdle appears to be environmental concerns. We will see if Congress is able to reach a compromise this time.

      I think the implications of adding 8,000 ad-hoc connections to the grid should be central to the discussion. Adding wind and solar generation without considering the impact on the grid is one of the reasons why renewables have been marketed as cheaper than fossil fuels. All generation additions need to be accompanied by solid engineering demonstrating no negative impact of the grid. It is more than just grid capacity. Most people have no concept of reactive power, protective relaying, power quality, and the like. You cannot just add another line to the transmission infrastructure and expect everything to be fine.
      • It is more than just grid capacity. Most people have no concept of reactive power, protective relaying, power quality, and the like. You cannot just add another line to the transmission infrastructure and expect everything to be fine.

        My mod points just expired, otherwise would mod this up. Historically the grid has been kept stable by the inertia of spinning mass in traditional generators like coal, hydro, nuclear and gas plants. Adding asynchronous sources like solar and wind to the grid and keeping it stable is much more difficult than just stringing some extra wires.

        A good primer for some of the considerations is here; https://www.nerc.com/comm/Othe... [nerc.com]

        And a look at how they work in practice; https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy20... [nrel.gov]

    • by fermion ( 181285 )
      This is an argument for smaller self contained grids. And long term planning.

      This has nothing to do with wind or solar. If you are asking to move 10% more product every year and you donâ(TM)t build for it, you will fail.

      As mentioned in the article from the NYT, 20 years ago Texas began expanding the grid. It is part of the reasons for failures. Growing pains. But the result is that this year there is Brazilian investment for half a gigawatt of wind energy, not to mention novel offshore infrastructu

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        You want larger interconnected grids, so you can move energy from where it is available to where it is in demand.

        • by fermion ( 181285 )
          You want firewalls so failures are localized an expansion can happen without having to consider the whole nation.
    • That article is about developing energy sources (environmental impact being the major constraint addressed), whereas this story is about the distribution grid, preparing it for those new sources.

      Makes ya think about how complex it all is, making different huge investments all come together at hopefully about the same time and place.

  • by JoeRobe ( 207552 ) on Monday February 27, 2023 @08:27AM (#63326350) Homepage

    The US energy grid is certainly antiquated, but it's not clear from the article how that plays a role. This seems more like an issue of a poor upgrade/modification process. I guess I'm wondering how much of this problem is due to the age of the system vs inefficiency in how to add new energy sources. Or is the issue that the system was designed so long ago that adding new sources is more difficult than if it were a modern design? How are other countries handling this (presumably the US isn't the only place renewables are soaring)?

    • Re:Antiquated (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Joce640k ( 829181 ) on Monday February 27, 2023 @08:45AM (#63326366) Homepage

      How are other countries handling this?

      They're getting on with it instead of whining about how much it hurts.

      This benefits every single person, unlike the trillions being spent on tax cuts for the rich, 'defense', etc.

      • Yep, pretty much this. China & the EU, for example, are investing billions in planned, organised, cohesive ways to ensure that possible bottlenecks are addressed in good time & don't hold up the transition to cheaper, less polluting energy.

        It would be easy to have the impression that legislators in the USA are more concerned with individual freedoms, especially of corporations, than with actually getting useful & necessary stuff done.
        • by Z80a ( 971949 )

          Even if you don't take in account the renewables, even if it's a 100% coal grid with Mr.Burns on every plant.
          A bad power grid is just money lost.

      • In the Netherlands where we have significantly better infrastructure than the US we have the same problem. The grid is not suited for loads of new power generators, or consumers for that matter. This is a problem we have been aware of for about a decade but I don't see much happening here either. I hope other countries are handling it better..
        • The Netherlands is slightly larger than the US state of Maryland, one of the smallest states. This is significant because the larger the land area that must be covered, the more expensive it is to build infrastructure. So good for The Netherlands, but it's hardly an example of how things should be done in the US.

          • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

            Norway is a good example of what is possible. It's a large country, partly in the Arctic Circle, subject to extreme weather and some difficult terrain. They have a good, reliable grid, and widespread adoption of EVs. Lots of heat pumps for heating too.

            The technology is all there, you just need to adopt it.

      • Are they though? Can you name a country that is an example of great electrical infrastructure? And do you have a source?

        My guess is that no country is truly handling this well. The problem is, upgrading infrastructure is expensive. And high price tags make people, and countries, drag their feet.

        • Probably Norway, as AmiMojo mentions above your post. Though I'm pretty sure they export a crap ton of oil to the rest of the world. So if we blame gun manufacturers for killing people, we should blame Norway's Oil exports as killing the planet. Seems fair.

        • Re:Antiquated (Score:4, Insightful)

          by Joce640k ( 829181 ) on Monday February 27, 2023 @12:01PM (#63326910) Homepage

          Can you name a country that is an example of great electrical infrastructure?

          Iceland.

          The same country that threw all the bankers in jail a few years ago. Maybe we could learn something from them...

          • Good choice! Iceland has a population only 5% that of the city of Houston, Texas. Scale matters. It's much easier to make big changes to infrastructure on a small scale, than on a large one. This is true whether it's computer infrastructure, or roads, or power lines.

    • by guruevi ( 827432 )

      The problem is that in order to do renewables you need to upgrade the ENTIRE grid at once from the current hub and spoke system where there is one major production facility with HV wires and then the voltages get downgraded until you get to the consumer, for renewables you need the nameplate capacity in HV wiring for the 2 or so days in the summer it can produce that and it needs to be fully distributed as the wind and sun don't work at the same time in the same region.

      That means HV wiring EVERYWHERE. As in

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        If the peak output is really that expensive to transport you can always just feather your turbines and avoid it entirely.

        These days wind farms often have batteries for smoothing and a bit of peaking too, so you can divert excess energy to those when the grid can't take it.

        This is all completely doable and the cost isn't all that bad, especially compared to the alternatives: new fossil fuel and nuclear plants, climate change, pollution medical bills etc.

    • Antiquated is a reasonable word for it. Many existing lines need to be expanded (increased voltage or migrate to HVDC), and functionally additional capacity is needed between the nation's grids.

      Most of the immediate holdups are (as I understand it) local transmission problems though; developers hoped to be able to tie into a line that requires upgrades they don't want to pay for. Longer term you have issues around transmission congestion and paying for that.

      There is no quick and easy fix. There are things y

    • Australia is adding sustainable Distributed Energy Resources DERs much faster than the U.S.

    • by jd ( 1658 )

      It'll be a mix of resistance along cables (due to the use of aluminium to avoid expensive copper), the maximum voltage transformers can take before they go, line lengths, the reaction time in coping with emergencies (such as downed lines causing part of the grid to have vastly too much power vs being able to route around damage), stuff like that.

  • Near me. (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Jarik C-Bol ( 894741 ) on Monday February 27, 2023 @09:50AM (#63326492)
    This happened near me. They put in a giant new wind farm, and a new high voltage line right past my house to deliver power from it, and when it all came online, supposedly they could only run like 7 of the windmills at once or it would trip the breakers at the power plant where the line tied in. Big delays in getting the wind farm up and running, and now there is talk that they have to put in an entire second high voltage line to support the wind farm. No one is very happy about that, because the two years the first line were pretty disruptive. Hard to say what actually will happen next, but there are a lot of parked windmills out there.
  • Perhaps Texas' lower regulatory thresholds explain why Texas is far and away the leader in wind energy, producing more than four times more than any other state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

    Yes, Texas also struggles to build enough power infrastructure, but those struggles don't seem to be getting in the way quite as much as those that are managed by FERC.

  • If the NIMBY crowd would stop interfering with power generation being closer to where it is consumed, that would simplify shoring up a "national grid." As things stand today, none of the regional operators have any real incentive to do more than the bare minimum to maintain their little corner of the grid....and some of them aren't even good at that.

  • I have an electrical coop serving my area and when I installed my system the last "approval" step for them to allow feeding back into their grid was the approval
    of an automated/remote control cut-off that my engineer had to factor in at the last minute. The coop mandated it and it added another $800 to the project but still, after that, it took
    them six weeks to grant permission. I think it would be easier to just accept the risks that the grid may fail because it wasn't designed to have this
    many power gene

  • Polite way to say a certain group of people and their policies are wrecking the grid that was already working. Those groups are untouchable and the article cannot basically say that all their activities around green shaming everyone and forcing people to build out new "renewable" sources not only isn't saving anything, but actually wrecking something that we spend considerable manpower and resources to build in the first place.

    Let's just say *THAT*.

  • Nowhere in this article does it say wind and solar are overwhelming the grid. More like the reverse: antiquated review procedures are blocking a transition to low-cost renewable power.

    • How about we just change the headline to:

      "New Wind and Solar Energy Projects Are Now Overwhelming America's Antiquated Bureaucracy"

      Fixed!

  • Instead of government subsidizing individual wind and solar companies, perhaps they should offer a blanket assistance to pay for increased network infrastructure costs to connect to the grid.

    Building out infrastructure would be helpful for everyone, and the government being responsible for the funding of it would mean the government could steamroll efforts to try and stop any electrical network expansion.

    • by jd ( 1658 )

      Fossil fuels get subsidies, and that's despite being an old technology that is about as good as it's going to get. Wind and solar should receive equal subsidies to balance the equation. Now, if you remove ALL of those subsidies from fossil fuels, direct and indirect, equal would be zero to wind and solar. I'm fine with that, the playing field is level and the market isn't distorted.

  • No one saw this coming. This just came out of nowhere.

  • The greenest state in the union has the highest utility prices in the union. What does that tell you? That being green costs more of the green stuff out of your wallet. In other words, greenification is economically destructive -- costing more to do less. The monomania about CO_2 is the problem. Yeah, I don't want to breathe toxic truck exhaust, but the CO_2 is not the problem, glow ball warming or not.

  • Utility companies, being monopolies want to remain monopolies.
  • Most of these reviews are likely wastes of time and money and it wouldnâ(TM)t surprise me that someone is incentivized to slow renewables
  • So the grid operators, the ones who have an entrenched interest in not adding what is effectively competition to their monopoly on power, are saying there's not enough manpower to add what is effectively competition to their business model? Fuck the grid operators.
    • Re:Hmmm (Score:5, Interesting)

      by ScienceBard ( 4995157 ) on Monday February 27, 2023 @06:12PM (#63328377)

      So the grid operators, the ones who have an entrenched interest in not adding what is effectively competition to their monopoly on power, are saying there's not enough manpower to add what is effectively competition to their business model? Fuck the grid operators.

      In most of the US the grid operators are independent not for profits that preside over wholesale markets. This really isn't a problem of entrenched interests. Modifying the power grid to accommodate a generator of any significant size is just a very complex process, and the upgrades to make it happen are extremely expensive.

      Ironically monopoly utilities used to have a huge interest in building transmission infrastructure because they got a % of the total cost, but in areas covered by RTOs those utilities usually aren't allowed to just build that infrastructure anymore. The privilege of doing the work gets bid out as a cost saving measure to independent companies, who shoulder most of the risk (unlike utilities, who typically were allowed to pass that risk onto ratepayers). Over the last decade or so that has proven to be a disaster. The margins simply aren't there to justify the timelines and risk for the projects, and operators like MISO have had a really difficult time getting any major transmission built. It's to the point that there has been serious consideration for letting the utilities have the right to build in their territories and pass off costs again, because the marginal increase in cost for doing so is outweighed by the benefits for the grid in getting the infrastructure upgraded.

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