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Documents Reveal Hidden Problems at Russia's Nuclear Powerhouse 132

An anonymous reader shares a report: As Russian troops poured into Ukraine at the start of Vladimir Putin's invasion in February last year, alarm was rising at a flagship Kremlin nuclear project in neighboring Belarus, just a short distance from the European Union's border. Engineers at Rosatom preparing a new 1,200-megawatt reactor, which was not yet connected to the power grid, to generate electricity at the Astravets Nuclear Power Plant detected a mysterious and exceedingly rare problem. Resin was seeping into the primary circuit, threatening to seize up critical components, according to internal documents of the Russian state nuclear corporation seen by Bloomberg.

Control rods and fuel assemblies risked being damaged or broken if the problem persisted when uranium atoms began fissioning. In the worst case, according to people familiar with the problem, accumulation of so-called ion-exchange resin, which regulates the purity of water flowing through plant channels and pipes, could impede reactor control, elevating the risk of a meltdown if something went wrong once it was online. So on February 25, 2022, Rosatom pulled the plug temporarily on its freshly fueled unit in northwest Belarus, delaying its launch.

Nuclear engineers said Rosatom followed safety procedures by interrupting physical startup of the reactor in order to investigate. Still, the problem compounded delays that pushed back commercial operations more than a year. When the reactor was turned on for the first time in March, Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko confirmed there were problems to state media. "There were certain shortcomings in the construction," he said. "The delay is due to our determination to stick to very high safety standards." The water contamination incident, which was previously flagged by Lithuanian intelligence, is among a series of problems, including shortages of skilled labor, delayed shipments, and defective supplies, that Rosatom faced in recent years and which have continued in the wake of Putin's war against Ukraine, according to the documents and interviews with European officials familiar with the assessments.
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Documents Reveal Hidden Problems at Russia's Nuclear Powerhouse

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  • by Viol8 ( 599362 ) on Monday December 18, 2023 @10:41AM (#64089023) Homepage

    So much potential in that country destroyed by Putin and his corrupt bunch of cronies living in some "glorious" past that never really existed. If ever there was a country and population consistently ruined over the centuries by useless and/or evil leaders whether now or the communists or even the Czars then Russia is it. Whatever you may think of Xi's China, at least he's brought prosperity and is looking forwards, not backwards.

    • by Rei ( 128717 ) on Monday December 18, 2023 @11:12AM (#64089093) Homepage

      All the way back to the very beginning with Muscovy. First allying with the Golden Horde and acting as their lackeys for tax collection (and learning to fight alongside them), then using Machiavellian hybrid warfare to tear pieces off their neighbors, weakening them until they could annex them, and ultimately replacing their often rather progressive democratic institutions (relative to the timeperiod) with the highly centralized, you-only-own-anything-if-the-Tsar-lets-you system derived from the Horde. Following up with imposition of an extreme form of serfdom that at its peak was little different than chattel slavery in the US. And carrying out expansion into the territories to the east (with the exception of the Qing, who they quickly learned not to mess with) in a system of hostage-based tribute mandates on the locals to efficiently harvest their resources. Whose military was formed of people recruited Hunger Games-style, to serve out the rest of their life at the bottom ranks of the military with no hope of escape except death. A country where any subject peoples who were deemed too rebellious were ethnically cleansed via military-based depletion, deportations of locals to distant regions, and reimportation of ethnic Russians to replace them.

      That doesn't mean it's a curse to always be like that. A large number of countries have dark colonial histories. Any country can overcome its past, and many largely have. But glorifying your colonial history and trying to reestablish it in the modern era over those who got away? That leads to very dark places.

      • Unfortunately I think russians are just too whipped as a people to mount any kind of revolution against dear uncle volva. Best they can do is piteous video appeals to the dear leader asking for their maimed husbands to be returned from the front or complain about the price of eggs or beg for a little heating assistance over the winter.
      • Come to think of it, how much has changed in several centuries? Russia has gone from a bunch of privileged boyars presiding over a vast mass of serfs with just enough mid-level types to get the job done, to a bunch of privileged oligarchs presiding over a vast mass of rabotniks with just enough mid-level types to get the job done. "This new system... it's very closely modeled on the old system isn't it?".
    • We should actually thank our lucky stars that Russia is the corrupt cesspool it is. Can you imagine what a country could do the the world economy that is sitting on pretty much all resources you could possibly want and has a fairly well educated workforce that is no stranger to hard and long work hours?

      What you're looking at is basically Germany before WW2. Just with more resources than the rest of the world. Can you imagine what it would mean if they finally realize what Germany did after WW2, i.e. that wo

      • by Viol8 ( 599362 )

        Why would it be a problem? I'd sooner have an economically powerful and democratic russia run by sane people than the current fragile dictatorship run by a delusional psychopath with nuclear weapons at his disposal. Not that any of his possible immediate replacements would be any better.

        • It would certainly be beneficial for the stability of the world, but would it be better for the stability of the USA?

          We already felt a ripple when we had to share our "consumer goods" with China, and our overall prosperity went down because incomes became lower and prices went up because there were suddenly others that wanted those goods, from certain foods (because the Chinese no longer were satisfied with a bowl of rice but wanted a share of our crops, causing a price spike with quite a few foods) to cruc

    • If ever there was a country and population consistently ruined over the centuries by useless and/or evil leaders whether now or the communists or even the Czars then Russia is it.

      People who breed animals tell me that it takes about 10 generations to go from a wild animal to something that can be a pet. It's basically impossible to trust any wild animal, even if it's been raised in captivity as a pup, because it's still "wild". It takes about 10 generations to tame wild dogs. (Silver Fox experiment. [wikipedia.org])

      Thinking about this, it occurs to me that there have been about 5 human generations (24 years old when 1st child is born) since the Russian revolution, during which time the Communist reg

      • by Mal-2 ( 675116 )

        There's a major difference: animals don't usually get a say in whether they'll be tamed, but humans will migrate. The ones that stay are often the ones that were most amenable to being tamed in the first place. That's why it doesn't take ten generations.

        Not every animal needs conventional taming though. A bird will imprint on its feeder as a fledgling, and can grow up believing humans are perfectly trustworthy companions, while otherwise still remaining a wild animal.

      • And what about the United States of America?
        • The United States, and most former British colonies, are generally prosperous while former Spanish/Portugese colonies are largely impoverished precisely because British colonies did not emphasize a system in which a few Lords pre-ordained by the ruling country owned all the land AND all the proceeds of those working there, and everyone else was somewhere between serfdom and outright enslavement.

          Serfs or slaves should never do more than the minimum to keep from starving or being brutalized by the chief th
  • by jd ( 1658 ) <imipakNO@SPAMyahoo.com> on Monday December 18, 2023 @10:51AM (#64089045) Homepage Journal

    It inherently disrupts supply lines, it inevitably alters priorities, and - because a lot of people are tied up and/or die in wars - it invariably causes manpower shortages.

    Worse, all those recent graduates from engineering schools that could help fix the engineering problems, all those recent graduates from physics schools that could help fix the reactor design issues - a large percentage will now be dead and no longer able to fix anything for anyone, and the rest will be suffering from such bad PTSD that they're more likely to be a liability than a help.

    All that expensive schooling, all of the money, all of the lecturers' time, all of the resources expended in teaching them, also wasted. You don't get a refund on life.

    The winner of the war won't matter as far as this reactor is concerned. From the standpoint of that one project, the war has robbed them of the people they need and the money they need.

    There's a real possibility that they've not fixed the problems. When projects on this scale are forced to cut corners and rely on less expertise than planned, it's not unknown for them to do a "good enough" hack job. And that's really what you don't want in a reactor. Especially with a nervous public that isn't going to tolerate failures.

    • by PPH ( 736903 )

      Especially with a nervous public that isn't going to tolerate failures.

      You can die now in Donetsk by complaining about safety. Or years in the future from a case of metastasized cancer. Your choice.

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      It's the inherent problem with nuclear power. Even if your country is stable now, even if war seems far off, even if you don't think some loony populist would ever get elected like just happened in Argentina... If you are wrong any time in the next ~100 years, it could be extremely bad.

      Just the threat of someone blowing up your nuclear plant would be a major national security issue.

  • by 0xG ( 712423 ) on Monday December 18, 2023 @12:26PM (#64089311)

    The article tries to link the failures at a nuclear plant with
    the Ukranian war.

    It fails.

  • "...including shortages of skilled labor, delayed shipments, and defective supplies,..."

    Maybe they should have had Ukraine build the power plant...

    • by Mal-2 ( 675116 )

      You are half-joking, but most examples of Soviet engineering going right had significant Ukrainian participation, and/or happened in Ukraine. It's a shame Russia is so keen on destroying all signs that they used to be at least occasionally competent.

  • So, this sort of problem - coolant contamination and damaged seals leading to sticking control rods and interrupting coolant flow - is precisely what caused the Santa Susana Test Reactor to suffer a meltdown in 1959.

    That device was a sub-10MWth prototype which blew a radioactive plume into the valley but realistically had minimal off-site consequences.

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