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Earth

Scientists Advise EU To Halt Solar Geoengineering 141

An anonymous reader shares a report: Scientific advisers to the European Commission are calling for a moratorium across the EU on efforts to artificially cool Earth through solar geoengineering. That includes controversial technologies used to reflect sunlight back into space, primarily by sending reflective particles into the atmosphere or by brightening clouds.

Proponents argue that this can help in the fight against climate change, especially as planet-heating greenhouse gas emissions continue to climb. But small-scale experiments have triggered backlash over concerns that these technologies could do more harm than good. The European Commission asked its Group of Chief Scientific Advisors (GCSA) and European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (EGE) to write up their opinions on solar geoengineering, which were published today alongside a report synthesizing what little we know about how these technologies might work.

There's "insufficient scientific evidence" to show that solar geoengineering can actually prevent climate change, says the opinion written by the GCSA. "Given the currently very high levels of scientific and technical uncertainty ... as well as the potential harmful uses, we advocate for a moratorium on all large-scale [solar geoengineering] experimentation and deployment," writes the EGE in the second highly anticipated opinion.

Scientists Advise EU To Halt Solar Geoengineering

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  • Clarifying anecdote (Score:5, Interesting)

    by phantomfive ( 622387 ) on Monday December 09, 2024 @07:38PM (#65002221) Journal
    I support research into geoengineering. More scientific knowledge is good. But I think this story from the article explains the problems that are going on:

    One solar geoengineering startup notoriously lit up fungicide and pumped the resulting sulfur dioxide into weather balloons it released in Mexico in 2022...the company tried to sell “cooling credits” at $10 per gram of sulfur dioxide to anyone interested in trying to offset their carbon emissions.

    So it seems it's just companies trying to get in on the environmental credits gravy train. That's not research.

    • by Rujiel ( 1632063 )
      There has been plenty of research about this topic for quite a while, not including all the carbon capture capitalism type stories. https://news.harvard.edu/gazet... [harvard.edu]
      • Yeah, research to increase our knowledge is great. Cheap attempts to make money without regard for the consequences, not so much.
      • by Geoffrey.landis ( 926948 ) on Monday December 09, 2024 @08:31PM (#65002329) Homepage

        There has been plenty of research about this topic for quite a while

        There has been way too little research in this topic, and most of the calculations have been little better than back of the envelope. Worse, they are based on guesses about critical parameters such as particle size, scattering albedo, and clumping.

        A serious problem is that blocking incident sunlight is not the same as reducing greenhouse effect; not even the same as decreasing the solar intensity. Atmospheric aerosols cool the daytime but heat the nighttime (by reflecting infrared), even if the net effect is the cooling outweighs the warming, this changes the diurnal distribution. The solar blocking is also optical depth and hence angle dependent, has a high latitude dependency, and the altitude distribution of warming is very different, resulting in completely unknown effects on weather patterns.

        If people think that the error bars in the greenhouse warming due to anthropogenic greenhouse gasses are bad, that's nothing compared to the error bars in any of the proposed geoengineering methods.

        With that said, I don't disagree with the original post

        I support research into geoengineering. More scientific knowledge is good.

        True. As long as the research does not lead to people actually planning to do it.

        • by AuMatar ( 183847 )

          Part of the problem is you can't really research this. Earth is a complex system. We can't really replicate it. Even if you create a small scale experiment with a heat/light source and a ball of gasses- how do you know what will happen when you scale up and add in all the geographical and ecological quirks of the planet? We'd be more likely to fuck things up than to help things.

          • by tlhIngan ( 30335 )

            Part of the problem is you can't really research this. Earth is a complex system. We can't really replicate it. Even if you create a small scale experiment with a heat/light source and a ball of gasses- how do you know what will happen when you scale up and add in all the geographical and ecological quirks of the planet? We'd be more likely to fuck things up than to help things.

            That's kind of the reason people don't actually want to try doing it. Researching it is one thing, but actually doing it quite anot

        • Truth is that a somewhat 'accidental' experiment in global cooling using sulfur has been going on for decades, and it is going to end soon

          Turns out that low-grade sulfur-rich bunker fuel that has been used to power vast fleets of cargo ships, has a measurable cooling effect on the planet and the unexpected side-effect of eliminating high-pollution ships has in turn, lead to more warming [noaa.gov]

          FTA
          In 2020, new international shipping regulations drastically cut sulfur emissions from ships, leading to a sharp reducti

    • by Anonymous Coward on Monday December 09, 2024 @07:58PM (#65002281)

      Duh, of course, we shouldn't fix anything. We need the scaremongering rhetoric to keep going on in order to be able to control people, kill the economy and ultimately starve them out.
      --
      Dr. Klaus Martin Schwab
      WEF Founder

    • by JBMcB ( 73720 )

      . That's not research.

      Well, not really, but sulfur dioxide actually works (and *did* work back in the 1950s)

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

      • It did work indeed - as acid rain.

      • The question isn't only whether it "works".

        The question is also "what else happens of we do that". (And note thatbI didn't say "what else does it do", because consequences, intended or not, are not limited to the properties of a specific material.)

  • by Acron ( 1253166 ) on Monday December 09, 2024 @07:40PM (#65002225)

    when there is a multi-trillion dollar opportunity to build a massive bureaucracy.

  • by SoftwareArtist ( 1472499 ) on Monday December 09, 2024 @07:46PM (#65002241)

    we advocate for a moratorium on all large-scale [solar geoengineering] experimentation and deployment

    We shouldn't be doing large scale tests of it (yet), because we don't have enough information. We absolutely should be doing small scale tests, because that's how we'll get enough information to move on to large scale tests.

  • by zurkeyon ( 1546501 ) on Monday December 09, 2024 @07:47PM (#65002245)
    "We don't know who struck first, us or them. But we do know it was us that scorched the sky. At the time, they were dependent on solar power. It was believed they would be unable to survive without an energy source as abundant as the sun." -Morpheus
  • by yog ( 19073 ) * on Monday December 09, 2024 @07:48PM (#65002249) Homepage Journal
    There are several proposed technologies, including clouds of reflective particles, cloud seeding to spur rainstorms, and even floating giant structures in orbit that block solar radiation from swathes of the planet. Very, very dangerous.

    Perhaps the safest of all of them is the orbital idea, for two reasons. First, because it will take years, if not decades, to build and deploy such structures. By then, we should have a better idea of climate trends and perhaps we will discover that there are better, safer ways to mitigate the effects of climate change.

    Second, a solar blocking structure can be de-orbited at any arbitrary time. For that matter, if one nation, let us say, the U.S., deploys it and another nation such as China disagrees with the approach, they can just shoot it down. Of course that might precipitate a nuclear war, but maybe not.

    The idea of spraying huge reflective clouds into the atmosphere at some elevation to reflect solar radiation and thus cool the surface seems like a pipe dream. It has never been proven in practice, and it might even cause more greenhouse effect. Furthermore, how do you get rid of it, if you were to change your mind? A very stupid idea.

    I propose everyone take a deep breath, calm down, and just deal with the climate as it exists. In about 5 years, we'll all be driving –or riding in –electrified vehicles, and many big rigs on the highways will also be electric. Even ocean craft and aircraft are moving toward battery power, solar power and giant storage batteries are being widely adopted, and in about 10 years, man-caused climate affecting particulates will be lower than any time since the Industrial Revolution began.
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      I wouldn't count on things improving so much in the next 5 years. Some countries will keep moving ahead at pace, some will probably drag their heels a bit, and what Trump will do is anyone's guess.

    • > In about 5 years, we'll all be driving –or riding in –electrified vehicle Wishful thinking. I'll be driving my 2001 Tacoma until fuel is no longer available. And that's arguably not as bad for the environment as driving one of these cellphones around. And I'm not even a typical American rolling coal. Have you heard of break dust? Mining? Electricity generation technologies? But maybe with Leon at the helm, the other side will start to see the merits of electrification over horse and buggy.
      • by nasch ( 598556 )

        It's definitely worse for climate change than a battery electric vehicle. However, it's probably better to keep driving it as long as you can rather than requiring the manufacture of another vehicle, since yours has already been built.

        • Right, that was my point - electrics weren't available then, and the mining, transportation, and other resources required to build a new car are likely comparable to my future output, especially as I barely drive at all.
          • by nasch ( 598556 )

            Yeah someone who barely drives should definitely not be looking to get a new vehicle (IMO). Especially if you would sell yours, because it would probably go to someone who would drive it more, leading to a net increase in carbon output even ignoring the cost of manufacturing the new car.

    • it's = "it is"; its = possessive. E.g., it's flapping its wings.

      If the sentence could be syntactically correct replacing the word with his, use its. Otherwise, use it's?

    • > and in about 10 years, man-caused climate affecting particulates will be lower than any time since the Industrial Revolution began.

      Forgive my pesimism, but I don't see a scenario where we currently go from emitting the most greenhouses gases per year since the Industrial Revolution (e.g. right now) to early 1800s levels.

      In addition, a big issue with greenhouses gases is they stay in the atmosphere for hundreds of years. So if we stopped all emissions tomorrow we wouldn't get back to having climate affe

      • > and in about 10 years, man-caused climate affecting particulates will be lower than any time since the Industrial Revolution began.

        Forgive my pesimism, but I don't see a scenario where we currently go from emitting the most greenhouses gases per year since the Industrial Revolution (e.g. right now) to early 1800s levels.

        In addition, a big issue with greenhouses gases is they stay in the atmosphere for hundreds of years. So if we stopped all emissions tomorrow we wouldn't get back to having climate affecting particules anywhere near the levels you're suggesting.

        Yup. with a caveat. Water vapor is the most powerful Greenhouse "gas". It has around an 8 day cycle. But CO2 takes a lot of time, and methane - yeah, a lot more powerful a greenhouse gas. The good news is that Methane CH4 doesn't spend as long in the atmosphere, the bad news is that it degrades into CO2.

        As I have said before, the damage is largely done. We need to go to renewables and stop de-sequestering Carbon, but this is a long term issue with no real fixes that might create bigger problems.

  • 1. There’s no hard evidence that geoengineering could mitigate climate change.

    2. Therefore

    3. We should stop all solar engineering projects that might provide said hard evidence one way or the other.

    It absolutely pains me to say this, but apparently, sometimes, the scientists are just as dumb as the climate deniers themselves. Ever wonder why the anti-science crowd gets so much traction with a lot of people? This is a good example.
    • by HiThere ( 15173 )

      The problem is that there are multiple approaches, and some of the MAY make things worse in other ways, even if they do cool things a bit.

      I don't think there's a single geoengineering proposal that doesn't have accepted downsides, and those who aren't the ones backing that particular proposal generally have other possible or probable downsides.

      The one that has the fewest downsides is to stop releasing more CO2 RIGHT NOW!!, which is the one nobody's seriously pushing. I mean absorbing it in crushed olivine

      • Then do small-scale experiments and figure out what works and what doesn’t. I’m 100% with you on the “stop emmitting” thing, but it’s not gonna happen anytime soon. Have you seen the emissions curve? It’s basically never gone down. Any “emissions reductions” are purely hypothetical unicorns that will happen in the future. Energy consumption = quality of life. Who is gonna volunteer to reduce their country’s standard of living? We’re gonna use every
        • by HiThere ( 15173 )

          If it doesn't go down, then the geoengineering proposals are just lipstick on a pig.

        • ... Who is gonna volunteer to reduce their country’s standard of living? ...

          Europe already did, it's been going for 2 years already. A significant number of people there can't heat their home during winter.

  • We're smarter than billions of years of natural evolution. For sure.
  • We KNOW we can do geoengineering, because we already have. Some of it in ways that had very short term measurable effects.

    The primary symptom of climate change is more heat in the system. The primary cause of this is all the CO2 we are pumping into the air in ever-increasing volumes. These are the basic, irrefutable facts.

    Personally I'm not much for increasing the planetary albedo because it would be such a monumental effort to make enough difference to be worth it, and such an effort would be better spe

    • by skam240 ( 789197 )

      Why not both reduce CO2 and use geoengineering? We're not going to get to net zero any time soon and even then we have to begin the process of going back to normal levels of CO2. Might be nice to know how to mitigate at least some of the problems we're creating in the meantime.

  • Next priority is use efficiency. and sustainability. After that is city-level and regional-level climate improvement. Dead last is geo-egineering, so it costs by the most in lead time and has the biggest unknowns.
  • We got all the tracks already laid out through Europe!

  • just like those aliens did with the moon!

  • EU preemptively regulates the US waits till lawsuits decide major issues.

    It's like the EU is a nanny-state, and the US a negligent parent that sometimes shows up to clean up the mess after the kids get in trouble.

    • For tens of years, Europe has pushed for tougher climate action. Time on time again, US blocked any and all global treaties. So EU eventually went at it, alone.

      It could have been so much easier if we all had seen reality for what it was long ago. But some didn't.

      Fact remains that climate denial is overwhelmingly a US disease. Fact remains that pro capita, the US emits nearly an order of magnitude more greenhouse gasses than any other developed country. I blame it on their mah freedums and corporate lobbies

  • Cutting sulpher in ocean going ship fuel for example. Burning trillions of tons of oil for another. The EU switching to diesel. There have already been several large geoengineering experiments, so there's plenty of evidence, scientists are just not looking at it.
  • What can I say...
  • Study the atmosphere, try to understand the climate system, but never imagine that we are close to being able to engineer "solutions" to our climate situation. People peddling such remedies aren't motivated by climate concerns, they're motivated by $$$.

  • As someone who has lost most of his cars to rust (living in the "rust belt") I worry that adding salt to the atmosphere would destroy (kill?) many things/vehicles, requiring their premature replacement. Cars with shorter lives sounds counterproductive.
  • by PPH ( 736903 )

    What does the Golf Course Superintendents Association have to do with this?

  • I doubt GeoNagging will work well enough to stop the problems any more than it solves gov't debt. Politicians focus on the next 5 years, not the next 50 because voters & citizens have short memories.

    I hate to say it, but we need to figure out geoengineering. It might require multiple approaches to hopefully dampen out the downsides and excess local side-effects.

    But it should probably be democratic, as each nation should get to vote on measures based on their population size, perhaps with a slight bonus

Things are not as simple as they seems at first. - Edward Thorp

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