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Open Source IT Technology

Ukraine's Massive Drone Attack Was Powered by Open Source Software 228

An anonymous reader shares a report: Open source software used by hobbyist drones powered an attack that wiped out a third of Russia's strategic long range bombers on Sunday afternoon, in one of the most daring and technically coordinated attacks in the war. In broad daylight on Sunday, explosions rocked air bases in Belaya, Olenya, and Ivanovo in Russia, which are hundreds of miles from Ukraine. The Security Services of Ukraine's (SBU) Operation Spider Web was a coordinated assault on Russian targets it claimed was more than a year in the making, which was carried out using a nearly 20-year-old piece of open source drone autopilot software called ArduPilot.

ArduPilot's original creators were in awe of the attack. "That's ArduPilot, launched from my basement 18 years ago. Crazy," Chris Anderson said in a comment on LinkedIn below footage of the attack. On X, he tagged his the co-creators Jordi Munoz and Jason Short in a post about the attack. "Not in a million years would I have predicted this outcome. I just wanted to make flying robots," Short said in a reply to Anderson. "Ardupilot powered drones just took out half the Russian strategic bomber fleet."

ArduPilot is an open source software system that takes its name from the Arduino hardware systems it was originally designed to work with. It began in 2007 when Anderson launched the website DIYdrones.com and cobbled together a UAV autopilot system out of a Lego Mindstorms set.

Ukraine's Massive Drone Attack Was Powered by Open Source Software

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  • Good. (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday June 03, 2025 @11:26AM (#65424555)

    Fuck Russia.

  • Hopefully the Russians choose not to go looking for this guy.

  • by Baron_Yam ( 643147 ) on Tuesday June 03, 2025 @11:35AM (#65424577)

    Everything you need has been out there for a long time. The reason we're not drowning in a sea of drone-based terror attacks is that most people just want to live and aren't actually interested in killing anyone until they get motivated to do so.

    Ukraine's motivated. As impressed as I am by what they've achieved, I'm surprised we haven't seen more autonomous weaponry. The tools already exist to geofence a drone so you can be confident that as it goes on its killing spree, it's doing so in an area you have declared free of invalid targets. A drone dropping silently from altitude to 360 no-scope Russian soldiers as it randomly dances around to make it hard to hit is something I'd expected to happen by now.

    • I'd say it's conclusive proof that Open Source is bad for you, or at least bad for Vlad_Putin and his minions.

      • by Baron_Yam ( 643147 ) on Tuesday June 03, 2025 @11:51AM (#65424633)

        Handguns were once 'the great equalizer', giving the power of a soldier to the common man, and not really requiring a great deal of skill or strength to use. You still need the nerve, and you're still going to be in a dangerous situation.

        With a drone, I could have it fly to wait on somebody's roof for them to come home, use license plate and facial recognition for target confirmation, and then shoot them in the face as they walk to their front door.

        It's horrifying. It's also equality in a way that handguns could never supply. Anybody with access to an electronics store and the Internet can do it with some effort.

        • With a drone, I could have it fly to wait on somebody's roof for them to come home, use license plate and facial recognition for target confirmation, and then shoot them in the face as they walk to their front door.

          You'll be happy to know Ukraine is doing something very similar: drones with guns [forbes.com]. They also have machine guns mounted on mobile drones [newsweek.com].
    • by Anonymous Coward
      Why target soldiers when you can target guns and other hardware? Putin treats dead soldiers as heroes; but defeated soldiers are an embarrassment.
      • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

        by Anonymous Coward
        As a kid, I grew up on WW2 and Korea war movies and TV. I was impressed by hand grenades. My WW2 Navy dad explained that grenades were designed not so much to kill, as to create casualties that would create a continuing support burden on the opposing force.
        • If you're within hand grenade distance, that distinction doesn't really come into play. At those distances, you want the enemy killed or surrendering. The limiting factor is the amount of explosives you can put into the device while still being able to throw it a reasonable diatance, and being small/light enough to carry several since it usually takes more than one to do the job.
      • Putin treats dead soldiers as heroes

        So then why do so many of them end up buried at the side of some backwoods, likely unnamed, road in Ukraine, instead of being taken back home for a proper funeral? And why is it that their surviving family never gets any of the money that they were supposed to (but weren't anyways) get paid during their time of service?

      • by kertaamo ( 16100 ) on Tuesday June 03, 2025 @03:50PM (#65425323)

        Do be serious. Putin cares nothing about all those dead soldiers. But really, who cares what Putin thinks of his boys when they are in a country where they should not be and committing genocide?

        As for "why target soldiers". Well because there, right on the front line, ever moving forward and nibbling at Ukrainian territory. They gave to be stopped, or at least slowed down massively.

        Be sure Ukraine puts a lot of effort into hitting guns, radars, anti-aircraft systems etc. Not to mention recently far away airbases and bridges.

    • by abulafia ( 7826 )
      I'm surprised we haven't seen more autonomous weaponry.

      Me too.

      I think it is still coming. Normal criminals are not that creative. They're just working stiffs working mostly pretty terrible jobs. But some enterprising asshole will figure out the FPV-flying-grenade to take out a rival dealer or something, and then it is a proven method, and more of them will start thinking about how to use them.

      And then there will be a booming civil drone defense business, as every wealthy person and office building s

      • by Bert64 ( 520050 )

        Criminals already use drones for smuggling drugs, as well as smuggling various contraband into jails.

    • by necro81 ( 917438 )

      Everything you need has been out there for a long time

      To quote sci-fi author William Gibson:

      "...the street finds its own uses for things"
      "The future is already here – it's just not very evenly distributed."

    • Everything you need has been out there for a long time. The reason we're not drowning in a sea of drone-based terror attacks is that most people just want to live and aren't actually interested in killing anyone until they get motivated to do so.

      The same could be said for airline-based terror attacks, but we spend billions of dollars a year to confiscate bottled water, grope people and march them through nudie scanners.

    • The drones do not need to randomly hop around.

      They are so silent, you only hear them when they are in 30m or perhaps 50m range.

      They do not pop up on (most) radar as most of it is plastics. So you need infrared scanners. And even if they do not hop around, and you can see it: a normal gun and a conscripted soldier or "released prisoner" most likely won't hit it.

      So they need a "specialist" or two, who carries a shotgun.

      Anti drone war fare will be lots of funny Gedankenexperiment(s).

      In Europe, the "rules" woul

  • Awesome! (Score:5, Interesting)

    by jenningsthecat ( 1525947 ) on Tuesday June 03, 2025 @11:40AM (#65424593)

    My wife and I have been laughing with glee and high-fiving each other over Ukraine having just handed Putin his ass. If what I've read is true, Russia doesn't even have the capability of replacing the destroyed aircraft. Having the feat accomplished via Open Source software is the icing, sprinkles, and candles on the 'Fuck You' cake that Putin is being forced to chow down on. I hope he chokes on it.

    • by Entrope ( 68843 )

      On the one hand, I think it's awesome and hilarious that Russia's strategic bomber fleet got so smashed.

      But that fleet hasn't been moving the front lines in Ukraine. Troops on the ground have been doing that, and apparently those front lines are still moving in Russia's favor. Also, strategic bombers being destroyed shifts the calculus of Russia's engagement with third countries. I'm worried that it increases the risk of broader war without significant progress in Ukraine. Maybe I'll be wrong, and Ukrai

      • It was my understanding that they were being used as cruise missile launch platforms against Ukraine
        • Correct.
          Cruise missiles and the "new" hypersonic weapons.

          That is why they are so far behind the frontline, they just used to launch, fly a bit around, and 2000km or 3000km away from Kiev they would launch the missiles.

          Not sure what is known on your side of the planet. The attacked air bases were even up in Siberia. The Ukrainians used ordinary cargo trucks with modified roofs. In other words: they trucked the drones in trucks thousands of miles pretending to be ordinary cargo trucks behind the front lines.

          T

    • A friend of mine in Ukraine told me earlier today:

      Today Ukraines Security Service (SBU) blew up Crimean bridge Column by Bomb
      You will see it later on News, but on Ukrainian news it already News:"
      The SBU announced that it had carried out a new unique special operation and had attacked the Krimsky area - once again under water.

      The operation lasted for several months. SBU agents replaced the pillars of this illegal facility. And today, without daily casualties among the civilian population, at 4:44 am
    • They can produce about two of those crafts per year. In theory.

      But at the moment no assembly line is running, so finding the engineers and workers to start production is probably impossible, so you are right!

  • Got nothin.
  • Other weapons of war, long range bombers in this case, then I approve this use of FOSS,

    The minute FOSS is used to harm civilians I will revoke my approval
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by Anonymous Coward

      it's a war, civilians will and have been harmed, the question is intent and scale

    • Unfortunately, we give approval to all uses of our software when we publish it as open source. This is one of the greatest unsolved problems of open source: licensing it for specific uses only and having a kill switch if that is violated. It crops up first when we say "non-commercial use only", but keeps coming up when we hit uses for war or doxxing or any other thing for which you think, "Hey, I didn't want that to be used that way." The only recourse is to only publish non-open software where they need a

    • ArduPilot is GPL3, dude.
      Since the drones were end-user devices, you can direct your complaints to /dev/nul

      What you need is the Soldierbot v2.1 license, but that has different, questionable, encumbrances.
    • A) you think that a military at war will look at licensing terms?

      B) The point of FLOSS is for the end user to use, study, modify and redistribute without the possibility to place additional restrictions along the way.

      Honestly, if I was the original author, I'd really try to legally get my hands on one of the drones, and try applying GPL terms to see their modifications. But point A will apply.

    • by dfghjk ( 711126 )

      Good thing no one gives a shit about your approval. And do you know civilians weren't harmed?

  • It wasn't a third (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward

    Ukraine CLAIMED they destroyed that many. Initial news reports were careful to qualify the number by saying it was a claim from Ukrainian intelligence. Unless the number were verified by Russia (it was not), an assertion does not graduate into fact by the mere fact that it's been in the open air for a while. By and large, every intelligence agency making a public statement is lying about 90% of the time. Intelligence agencies are not in the business of providing accurate top secret information to the public

    • > the US was obviously involved in this effort at least for intelligence and planning purposes, despite Trump's denial

      If you were Ukraine, would you pass any intelligence about an operation you're about to engage in to Trump's CIA?

      Any involvement by the US was indirect and inadvertent. The US didn't know, Ukraine would be insane to pass classified information about ongoing operations to Trump's America right now.

      It's depressing, but that's where we are in the US. And until the 40% of the electorate who b

  • by coarticulation ( 1492105 ) on Tuesday June 03, 2025 @01:11PM (#65424863) Homepage

    Wired had a great article recently about weaponized consumer drones. You can get multiple-kilometer spools of fiber optic cable so your drone is totally immune to electronic countermeasures (jamming) because it's not using RF. Lots of other ways to build some serious weapons at low cost.

    https://www.wired.com/story/dr... [wired.com]

  • Does sending a drone count as "distribution"? So the most important question: have they attached a copy of the GPL with the drone?
    • Nope, no violation.

      Every drone came with source code included: Python.

      They only have to pry it from the dead cold rotor blades of the drones.

  • by hyades1 ( 1149581 ) on Tuesday June 03, 2025 @03:33PM (#65425285)

    I love that the raid was surgically conducted against the armed forces of a vicious Russian dictator. I love that there were no civilian casualties. I love the the weapon of choice was a hobbyist-style drone. I love that the software was open source. But what I love best is that at the very moment Donald Trump and J.D. Vance were heaping abuse on Volodymyr Zelenskyy in the Oval Office, yelling at him, lying about him and dismissing him with the sneering claim that "he has no cards to play", Zelenskyy held his temper. He had to grit his teeth and sit there quietly while those unspeakable cretins humiliated him and his people in front of the whole world.

    It must have been at least a little easier to endure the humiliation knowing that preparation for an attack that would eliminate roughly a third of Russia's strategic bomber fleet with the loss of zero Ukrainian lives was in its final stages.

    I wonder who they'll get to play Trump and Vance in the movie. Because there absolutely will be a movie. Probably a mini-series, too.

  • "Early analysis from Russian military bloggers on Telegram indicates that the drones communicated back to their Ukrainian handlers via Russian mobile networks using a simple modem that’s connected to a Raspberry Pi-style board."

    The Ardupilot software has a few advantages for this use:
    "The software can connect to a DIY drone, pull up a map of the area they’re in that’s connected to GPS, and tell the drone to take off, fly around, and land. A drone pilot can use ArduFlight to create a series

Heuristics are bug ridden by definition. If they didn't have bugs, then they'd be algorithms.

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