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Earth The Almighty Buck United States

Researcher: The US Owes the World $4 Trillion For Trashing the Climate 528

merbs writes: Climate change wasn't created equal. Rich, industrialized nations have contributed most of the pollution and gone way over their carbon budgets—while smaller, poorer, and more agrarian countries are little to blame. The subsequent warming will, naturally, impact everyone, often hitting the poorer countries harder. So should rich countries pay up? Researcher Damon Matthews has quantified how much historically polluting nations owe their global neighbors—and it's a lot.
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Researcher: The US Owes the World $4 Trillion For Trashing the Climate

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  • by Jack9 ( 11421 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @06:34PM (#50490979)

    What's the Chinese bill?

    • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @06:41PM (#50491017)

      negative according to the study, since they still havent hit breakpoint.

      • by phantomfive ( 622387 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @07:28PM (#50491325) Journal

        negative according to the study, since they still havent hit breakpoint.

        I thought that was funny when I read your post, but actually you are right, according to the article China is still behind on the polluter curve. If new technology (fusion, batteries + wind) becomes viable, they may never hit breakpoint.

        • by Jane Q. Public ( 1010737 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @07:34PM (#50491365)

          negative according to the study, since they still havent hit breakpoint.

          I thought that was funny when I read your post, but actually you are right, according to the article China is still behind on the polluter curve. If new technology (fusion, batteries + wind) becomes viable, they may never hit breakpoint.

          I think the study's methodology is highly suspect.

          What of all those people in India and China (and other parts of the world) who burn organics like wood or straw or animal dung for heat, cooking, etc? That puts out far more pollution than a gas or even coal-fired power plant per capita.

          The paper is currently paywalled, but I think the study and its methodology deserve some close scrutiny before people start jumping on this bandwagon.

          • by phantomfive ( 622387 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @07:45PM (#50491413) Journal
            Another question...........how did they put a number on the total damage caused by AGW?

            The paper is currently paywalled, but I think the study and its methodology deserve some close scrutiny before people start jumping on this bandwagon.

            Absolutely.

            That puts out far more pollution than a gas or even coal-fired power plant per capita.

            Remember, the paper is not talking about pollution here, it's talking about carbon, so burning wood is carbon neutral.

            • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

              by Anonymous Coward

              Another question...........how did they put a number on the total damage caused by AGW?

              The paper is currently paywalled, but I think the study and its methodology deserve some close scrutiny before people start jumping on this bandwagon.

              Absolutely.

              That puts out far more pollution than a gas or even coal-fired power plant per capita.

              Remember, the paper is not talking about pollution here, it's talking about carbon, so burning wood is carbon neutral.

              Burning down virgin forest for firewood or to clear fields is not carbon neutral, at least no more "neutral" than digging up coal and burning that is "neutral". People who burn wood tend not to be using sustainably grown trees to do so.

              • by Trepidity ( 597 )

                Yes, deforestation produces net carbon production. But that's best measured by including a contribution for deforestation, which most models do.

                • by phantomfive ( 622387 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @09:23PM (#50491873) Journal
                  Indeed, the model in this paper (one of them.....there were several models) included deforestation.
                  • by Shortguy881 ( 2883333 ) on Thursday September 10, 2015 @08:45AM (#50494027)
                    Any data model that puts the U.S. at $4 trillion in the whole and China in the black regarding pollution is incredibly inaccurate, especially since the dates measured are after both the U.S. and China industrialized. One set is from 1990 to 2013 and still shows China in the black.

                    This is sensationalist journalism posing as science. The publication itself looks to target wealth as an indicator of carbon emissions. Its abstract is clearly biased which is just bad science. The article by Brian Merchant is just terrible. I tried reading it and its just slander. The guy touts himself as "Apocalypse spotter, utopianist, science fictionalist." Seriously, this whole article is just a big pile of crap.
          • by riverat1 ( 1048260 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @07:46PM (#50491419)

            The difference between burning wood, straw or dung is that the CO2 released comes from CO2 that was relatively recently absorbed from the atmosphere by plants so it doesn't change the total amount of carbon in the active carbon cycle. Burning coal or gas on the other hand releases carbon that has been sequestered from the active carbon cycle for millions of years and so increases the amount in the active carbon cycle.

            • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

              by russotto ( 537200 )

              CO2 is fungible. If I burn one tree's worth of coal, I've changed the amount in the active carbon cycle by exactly the same amount as if I burned the tree instead. The only way this isn't true is if the tree was going to burn anyway.

              • The only way this isn't true is if the tree was going to burn anyway.

                There's a good chance it was.

                http://www.sciencedaily.com/re... [sciencedaily.com]

              • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

                by Anonymous Coward

                No. Most organic sources of carbon are recycled into the atmosphere, over and over again. If you burn a tree, it probably doesn't affect the amount of carbon in the atmosphere much. The tree was going to decompose (via microbes, termites, bugs, etc.), and end up with the carbon back in the atmosphere. Some small percentage of the tree may end up sequestered in the lower layers of soil over time, but it will be a small percentage.

                An analogy is to imagine a money economy. On average, there is a certain amoun

              • by riverat1 ( 1048260 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @10:53PM (#50492167)

                CO2 is fungible. If I burn one tree's worth of coal, I've changed the amount in the active carbon cycle by exactly the same amount as if I burned the tree instead. The only way this isn't true is if the tree was going to burn anyway.

                It's true that CO2 is CO2 regardless of the source of the carbon.

                But the active carbon cycle consists primarily of the carbon that cycles through the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere on relatively short (geologically speaking) time scales. Since the tree you're burning is part of the biosphere it is already part of the active carbon cycle burning it doesn't change the total carbon in the active cycle, just the location. It then becomes available for other trees to take it up continuing the cycle.

                Fossil fuels on the other hand consist of carbon that has not been a part of the active carbon cycle for millions of years (in most cases hundreds of millions of years). Burning fossil fuels releases that carbon increasing the total in the active carbon cycle. Since the balance between the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere in the active carbon cycle remains about the same you get an increase in atmospheric CO2, and increase in hydrosphere CO2 (thus ocean acidification) and an increase in the biosphere with more plant growth. Of those three "spheres" the biosphere is probably the most limited since plant growth depends on other things besides the availability of carbon but the balance between the atmosphere and hydrosphere just depends on Henry's Law [wikipedia.org] as modified by Van 't Hoff's equation. [wikipedia.org]

            • The difference between burning wood, straw or dung is that the CO2 released comes from CO2 that was relatively recently absorbed from the atmosphere by plants

              Another big difference is that cooking uses 1% of the energy in developed countries, so that is a dumb thing to focus on anyway. Third world cooking maybe less efficient that first world cooking, but their bicycles are way more efficient than our SUVs, and their sweat glands use far less energy than our central A/C.

          • Burning wood doesn't add CO2 to the atmosphere. Since the tree captured CO2 during growth, and you are releasing the same amount, the net sum is 0.

            • Technically, the same is true of the carbon of fossil fuels, just in a longer time frame.

              • Yup. But by the time oil is produced by the Earth from the CO2 within the atmosphere, it will be way too late for the climate.
                A tree can grow quickly enough, so that's not that much of an issue.

          • by khayman80 ( 824400 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @08:38PM (#50491665) Homepage Journal

            I think the study's methodology is highly suspect. What of all those people in India and China (and other parts of the world) who burn organics like wood or straw or animal dung for heat, cooking, etc? That puts out far more pollution than a gas or even coal-fired power plant per capita. The paper is currently paywalled, but I think the study and its methodology deserve some close scrutiny before people start jumping on this bandwagon. [Jane Q. Public, 2015-09-09] [slashdot.org]

            As others have explained, burning wood can be carbon neutral. And as I just told Jane [slashdot.org], the only real caveat here is significant land use change, like deforestation. I've also told Jane [slashdot.org] that in the 1990s, the upper bound on CO2 emissions due to land-use changes was less than half of the lower bound on those due to fossil fuel emissions.

            This can be confirmed using simple accounting [slashdot.org] or by using 14C isotope ratios. Burning wood releases unstable 14C carbon because it hasn't had time to decay, but there is no 14C in coal. So we actually have several independent ways to see that Jane Q. Public and John O'Sullivan are wrong when they keep blaming developing countries for supposedly emitting "far more" CO2 than developed nations:

            ... THE ACTUAL DATA [archive.today] from the IBUKI CO2-mapping satellite show that developed "Western" nations are net CO2 absorbers, not emitters. Far more CO2 is generated (and less absorbed in proportion), in the tropics and third-world countries. ... [Jane Q. Public, 2013-10-21] [slashdot.org]

            I've already told Jane [slashdot.org] this is nonsense, but he refused to retract this Sky Dragon Slayer claim and keeps blaming developing countries for supposedly emitting "far more" CO2 than developed nations. Once again, John O'Sullivan showed the part of Figure 3 [global.jaxa.jp] with the net fluxes in July 2009 but "forgot" to show the fluxes for the rest of the year. Since July is summer in the northern hemisphere, those trees grow leaves which temporarily removes CO2 [youtube.com] from the atmosphere. But this reverses during winter, which might be why John O'Sullivan "forgot" to show those fluxes. "Principia Scientific International" [archive.today] and [archive.is] several [archive.today] others [archive.today] repeated [archive.today] O'Sullivan's [archive.today] misinformation [archive.today].

            Ironically, when one isn't talking to Sky Dragon Slayers like John O'Sullivan, it isn't controversial to note that developed countries are responsible for most of the CO2 rise. Here's an interactive tool [gapminder.org] to explore historical CO2 emissions

          • by Beck_Neard ( 3612467 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @11:16PM (#50492243)

            Biomass (what you're referring to) only makes up for a very small proportion of energy consumption. It's actually considered to be 'low carbon' because if those plants weren't harvested then they'd decompose on the forest floor anyway, producing CO2. Contrary to what a lot of people believe, mature forests don't act as effective carbon sinks. Only newly-growing forests have the ability to sequester significant amounts of carbon. Burning biomass is only carbon positive if it results from clearing forests and preventing new growth. The time scale of this new growth is measured in decades (i.e. it's in the global carbon cycle already), whereas fossil fuels represent carbon that has been stored up for millions of years (carbon that is being newly introduced into the biosphere).

            So long story short, stop making up excuses and face up to reality.

            • Biomass (what you're referring to) only makes up for a very small proportion of energy consumption. It's actually considered to be 'low carbon' because if those plants weren't harvested then they'd decompose on the forest floor anyway, producing CO2. Contrary to what a lot of people believe, mature forests don't act as effective carbon sinks. Only newly-growing forests have the ability to sequester significant amounts of carbon. Burning biomass is only carbon positive if it results from clearing forests and preventing new growth. The time scale of this new growth is measured in decades (i.e. it's in the global carbon cycle already), whereas fossil fuels represent carbon that has been stored up for millions of years (carbon that is being newly introduced into the biosphere).

              So long story short, stop making up excuses and face up to reality.

              But I'm an American! I don't want to face up to reality, and you can't make me! We'll do whatever we want, and we have the guns to back it up. Oh, and, um, FREEDOM!!!

    • Exactly!!! China spews out more pollutants and has far fewer environmental restrictions than the US.
      • by Dzimas ( 547818 )

        China might manufacture the goods, but Americans are consuming them.

        • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

          by Anonymous Coward

          So what. EVERYONE is buying from China, including the Chinese. Tax at the source.

        • by ScentCone ( 795499 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @07:25PM (#50491305)

          China might manufacture the goods, but Americans are consuming them.

          Should your employer compensate the people who live near you if you spend your time at home crapping in your back yard and stinking up the neighborhood? They are the ones who buy your services, and that's how you buy the food you leave in digested piles out there, right?

          What? The person who's buying your services isn't in charge of how you live your life? Oh.

      • by thesupraman ( 179040 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @07:42PM (#50491393)

        You really need to think that through for a while.
        Or do you really think that most of the world pollution happened in the last decade?
        Perhaps you think the US had nice solid restrictions in place over the last 100 years?

        Of course, what you will want to do is start everyone on a clean slate now, right? to be fair?
        After all, the US has finished its major construction, infrastructure, and industrial development - and what could be better than taxing back anyone else who tries to follow.

        The whole point is the US has been a major CO2 producer for a long long time - it will take a long time yet for others to catch up to that.
        The whole point of this research is to quantify just that - how some countries have been able to become very wealthy partyly by producing a large amount of CO2 over a long time, and that if we are now going to penalise current producers, it is only fair that we also penalise those who dug the hole in the first place.

        The flip side is if you dont want to hold the past producers equally responsible, then you cannot expect the current ones to be held responsible.

        Make your choice, but you should not expect to have it both ways.

        • by fredgiblet ( 1063752 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @09:00PM (#50491767)
          The flip side is that those past producers created more efficient means that the new producers can simply purchase wholesale. China didn't have to develop industry using old-school, more polluting methods, they have all the newest methods available already, so they can just slot themselves in at the front. Same with Africa.

          The clearest example of this is with cell phones, Most developing countries seem to be skipping straight to 3 or 4G, bypassing all the intermediate steps. Some places in Africa I've heard you CAN'T get landlines, but cell phones are common.

          We did all the development, so they get to reap the rewards.
      • by ShanghaiBill ( 739463 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @08:29PM (#50491605)

        China spews out more pollutants

        China produces more CO2 than America, but only about a quarter as much per capita. Also, China only surpassed America a few years ago. America was the leader for more than a century.

        • by dwywit ( 1109409 )

          Granted, the "per capita" argument is relevant in many areas, e.g. the amount of funds needed in taxes - per capita - for a country to do something about the effects of climate change.

          "Per capita" isn't relevant when talking about the total damage to the planet's ecosystem. Australia has a very high per capita emissions level (must be all those war wagons and doof warriors driving around the desert), and we should be doing more to bring it down, but the country's total contribution to atmospheric CO2 levels

      • China is a newcomer to the polluting game. Up till very recently it put out far less CO2 than the USA. Whereas the USA has been digging up carbon and pumping out CO2 for literally centuries.

    • More importantly, how did they estimate the amount of damage to be divided up? It doesn't mention it in the article or in the parts of the study I can read [nature.com].

      It's one thing to determine what percentage of CO2 in the atmosphere was released by the US..........it's quite another to convert that to a dollar amount.
    • It is funny that CHina is acknowledged to produce more CO2 than America has since ANY of the timeframes looked at. Yet, this guy is claiming that China's emissions are nothing.

      I think that as OCO2's, and next year, OCO3's, data creeps out and ppl realize that the numbers for most of these 'studies' are not adding up, well, even things like this will be considered to be nothing but a joke. [nasa.gov]
  • TFS apparently calculates overall pollution since the dawn of time. In all fairness, it should be calculated since the moment people realized pollution hurts climate.

  • GIVE US THE MONEY! (Score:5, Insightful)

    by 0123456 ( 636235 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @06:43PM (#50491023)

    Says every shakedown artist in every government on the planet.

    • by FlyHelicopters ( 1540845 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @06:51PM (#50491087)

      Yep, more or less...

      They really just want money... if that money would actually clean and buy back the prior environment, sure... but it won't...

      • Great, so STFU about their current production - if it was a problem then, then it is not a problem now.
        Or agree that it is and always was a problem, and pay up for your share.
        Its pretty simple really, isnt it.

        Of course such realities are very unpopular in todays 'me me me' climate of people demanding debt forgiveness and government support without wanting to contribute..

        Or do you think those big houses, fancy cars, and latest consumer goods came from working the fields?

  • Bad timing (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Kohath ( 38547 )

    Just when they'd started to convince people that "climate change" was legitimately about real phenomenon. But, as we suspected all along, it's just another way to loot rich countries for the good of ... who? Who gets the money? Certainly not poor individuals in poor countries -- they never get the money.

    • Exactly. How much money did schoolkids (and others) send to Haiti? Did the people in the destroyed town get any of it or see any benefit from it?

      I have always thought this was the driver behind the political frenzy of anthropocentric climate change (as opposed to both climate science and Ice Age!)

      They tipped their hand a little to early.

      • Ah, let me translate that for you.

        Isnt it impressive how US run organisations these days see disasters in 3rd world countries as a nice fat cash cow so they can pour millions more into their own coffers and not even lift a finger for the people in need. Go USA!
        http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/apr/22/haiti-aid

        There, fixed that for you.
        If you want to avoid such things, its really pretty simple, avoid American charities. There are still a few people in the world who actually work to hel

    • It's an economic exercise at best. Economists love attaching arbitrary (though reasoned) dollar amounts on things. Then they couple all of the things that are loosely related (health care costs, investment in tech that should be replaced, cost of replacing the polluting tech for example). Then they come up with a staggeringly large number.

      What they don't do is figure out the benefits to using a technology, in this case before we had a greener replacement.

      This isn't about an actual bill, or actual transfe

    • Just when they'd started to convince people that "climate change" was legitimately about real phenomenon.

      But they didn't fool you though did they? No siree.

  • by tomhath ( 637240 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @06:49PM (#50491073)

    So should rich countries pay up?

    No. The real solution is to lower the birthrate and eventually reduce the world population. Shifting money around wouldn't solve anything.

  • Capitalist societies polluted far less than the communist societies did and still do.

    Capitalist societies also lifted billions out of poverty while socialism killed 100 million.

    If some bozo wants to start toting up a bill, I'd like to see his calculations for what he rest of the world owes the US.

    In other words, fuck off and die, slaver. There are some things you just can't calculate on a balance sheet.

    • There are no more communist countries anymore. Time to stop scapegoating the Soviets.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      by GreatDrok ( 684119 )

      "Capitalist societies also lifted billions out of poverty while socialism killed 100 million."

      Socialism != communism

      http://www.diffen.com/differen... [diffen.com]

      Socialist countries have healthcare freely available to their entire population and social services protecting the disadvantaged and giving everyone a fair shot at life. The US isn't anywhere close to those levels of social support.

      • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

        USSR = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
        Nazi = National Socialism

        Typing != literacy

        • And North Korea calls itself democratic. What a country calls itself and what it is rarely have much in common.

        • And East Germany was

          DDR = German Democratic Republic.

          Just because a name contains a word does not mean that the bearer of that name exemplifies the meaning of that word. Quite often it is the exact opposite.

        • by dywolf ( 2673597 )

          And North Korea calls itself a Democratic Republic.
          your attempt at a point only further proves your ignorance.

          Do we really need to cover how the Nazi party was fascist, not socialist, and the USSR was neither Socialist nor really Communist, but in fact practiced Totalitarianism? It's been done before, and requires only a cursory knowledge of historical fact. I'm sure even you could accomplish it.

  • Discount (Score:3, Informative)

    by Tablizer ( 95088 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @06:55PM (#50491113) Journal

    Don't we get a discount for helping stop Adolf?

  • by bmo ( 77928 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @07:09PM (#50491209)

    Also: comparing the entire US to individual countries in Europe.

    Sorry, but you're talking about smaller populations in individual countries in Europe. If you wanted to compare apples to apples, you'd compare the US to the entirety of Europe since the populations are similar post-War.

    The report also compares industrialized countries with non-industrialized countries who are trying like hell to industrialize, like India.

    In short, this report does no per-capita analysis /and/ it compares countries that have industrialized with those that haven't gone through that phase fully yet (and lumps the post-1980 industrialization time in china /with/ its previous agrarian economy).

    >brazil is a carbon creditor

    Yeah, but not when you add in the coal mining and rain-forest stripping.

    I am all for reducing pollution and carbon footprints. But the fact that we owe anyone for what went on in the past is nuts, especially to countries that have done the same damn thing or are making efforts to do so. We have been making efforts on pollution ever since the creation of the EPA. To say that the US is a big bad bully when it comes to the environment ignores the other countries that have done the same or are going through their own industrialization process.

    I know that this is a schoolyard argument "but the other kid did it too!!" but fingerpointing over who is worse never does anyone any good especially when you go down this road because it becomes circular to the point of absurdity.

    It's especially bad when you abuse statistics to do it and frame it as "science."

    What is worse is that if I can come up with these criticisms in the time I read that article, the think-tanks for the fucking evil RWNJs disclaiming climate change (it's a fact guys, your insurance company and the Pentagon says it's real, and it's coming out of your pocket - you were saying something about fiscal responsibility, asshole?) will take this and run with it to deep-six any further efforts to reduce pollution, convincing people like Joe The (dumb) Plumber that it's all a conspiracy perpetrated by liberals.

    This report is barely worth lining a bird-cage.

    --
    BMO

    • But the fact that we owe anyone for what went on in the past is nuts, especially to countries that have done the same damn thing or are making efforts to do so. We have been making efforts on pollution ever since the creation of the EPA.

      Come on officer, so what if I have been beating my wife for the last 20 years, WTF has that got to do with anything! That guy over there just shoved her, arrest his damn arse! Throw the book at him!

      Oh, and if you think the EPA has ever lifted a finger to curb any CO2 emissions, then you severely misunderstand how the good ole USA works.

      • by bmo ( 77928 )

        "Oh, and if you think the EPA has ever lifted a finger to curb any CO2 emissions, then you severely misunderstand how the good ole USA works."

        Increased gas mileage==less carbon emissions.

        CAFE works when it's not undermined by RWNJs and corporatists that insist everybody drive H-1s.

        Your move.

        --
        BMO

  • This was the main point behind the original Kyoto Accord. Of course it was not phrased this way, but this was to be the outcome.
  • by erp_consultant ( 2614861 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @07:19PM (#50491269)

    4 trillion? Is that all? Why not make it 10 trillion? How much have industrialized countries given poor countries in foreign aid? Loan forgiveness? Accepting millions and millions of their citizens into our countries for better lives. Infrastructure, education, the list goes on.

    The reason that many of these countries are poor is because they are run by dictators. Dictators that steal nearly every penny of foreign aid and either put it into their own pocket or use it to beef up the military to ensure that they are not thrown out of power.

    Now some of the countries are genuinely poor and need our help. But many others (I'm talking about you, nearly every country on the African continent. And some south east asian countries - Indonesia and Philippines come to mind) are rife with corruption. Their people are poor not through their own fault but directly at the hands of dictators and ruling families.

    Just suppose that we did cough up the 4 trillion. What do you suppose would happen? Does this guy really think that somehow, magically, all the people in these countries would be driving BMW's with their kids in boarding schools and a summer place in The Hamptons? Not fucking likely. It would all go into the dictator pockets.

    Nice try though.

    • It's actually much simpler than that. If your culture respects private property your society becomes wealthier over time. If not you don't. There is no reason to help poor countries beyond being a role model showing what creates wealth.

  • The US is in second place emitting 5,300 gigatons of CO2, China is the top emitter with 10,330 gigatons. On a per capita basis they're doing better than us, but the article's claim that "Even China, “the world’s factory,” has nothing on the US’s past penchant for whipping up carbon pollution." is just wrong.
  • We'll pay $1, because fuck you.

  • Does livestock account for more than 50% of the CO2 emissions? If so, then meat-eaters owe us some cash too ;)
  • The U.S. can pay it off with a 100 trillion dollar Zimbabwean note. Get change back too.
  • Can we replace the real national debt of $18.3 trillion with this $4 trillion chump-change? 'Cause that would be shweet.

  • by Sloppy ( 14984 ) on Wednesday September 09, 2015 @10:38PM (#50492137) Homepage Journal

    I think I'd rather dodge this $4T bill by pointing out something in TFA that pissed me off.

    At the top of the article is a picture of some godforsaken hellhole. My first thought was "holy shit, where is that horrible place? Is that somewhere on Venus?" Hovering over the image, told me the answer.

    It says "Smog in New Mexico."

    Yes, Albuquerque sometimes has a winter "inversion layer", bu there is no place anywhere in New Mexico that looks anything like that. On the worst day of the year during the worst forest fire ever, the sky doesn't look that bad, and hell no does any place in this state have a hundredth of that many tall buildings.

    Click through the image credit to the wikipedia page, and they'll tell you it's Mexico City. But the TFA calls it "New Mexico," because some asshat retard who flunked first grade geography and got a job as an editorial intern at vice.com, doesn't know the difference. Oh, fuck YOU!

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