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Earth Transportation

Climate Change Cripples Panama Canal. Fixing it Could Take Years (yahoo.com) 148

"Parched conditions have crippled a waterway that handles $270 billion a year in global trade," reports Bloomberg. "And there are no easy solutions.

"The Panama Canal Authority is weighing potential fixes that include an artificial lake to pump water into the canal and cloud seeding to boost rainfall, but both options would take years to implement, if they're even feasible. " With water levels languishing at six feet (1.8 meters) below normal, the canal authority capped the number of vessels that can cross. The limits imposed late last year were the strictest since 1989... Some shippers are paying millions of dollars to jump the growing queue, while others are taking longer, costlier routes around Africa or South America. The constraints have since eased slightly due to a rainier-than-expected November, but at 24 ships a day, the maximum is still well below the pre-drought daily capacity of about 38. As the dry season takes hold, the bottleneck is poised to worsen again...

The canal's travails reflect how climate change is altering global trade flows. Drought created chokepoints last year on the Mississippi River in the US and the Rhine in Europe. In the UK, rising sea levels are elevating the risk of flooding along the Thames. Melting ice is creating new shipping routes in the Arctic. Under normal circumstances, the Panama Canal handles about 3% of global maritime trade volumes and 46% of containers moving from Northeast Asia to the US East Coast...

In the long term, the primary solution to chronic water shortages will be to dam up the Indio River and then drill a tunnel through a mountain to pipe fresh water 8 kilometers (5 miles) into Lake Gatún, the canal's main reservoir. The project, along with additional conservation measures, will cost about $2 billion, Erick Córdoba, the manager of the water division at the canal authority estimates. He says it will take at least six years to dam up and fill the site. The US Army Corps of Engineers is conducting a feasibility study. The Indio River reservoir would increase vessel traffic by 11 to 15 a day, enough to keep Panama's top moneymaker working at capacity while guaranteeing fresh water for Panama City...

The country will need to dam even more rivers to guarantee water through the end of the century.

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Climate Change Cripples Panama Canal. Fixing it Could Take Years

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  • by stevegee58 ( 1179505 ) on Saturday January 27, 2024 @12:48PM (#64192452) Journal
    Funny how we pick and choose what's an anthropomorphic problem and what's not and what we choose to "fix" and what not to "fix".
    • by Iamthecheese ( 1264298 ) on Saturday January 27, 2024 @01:10PM (#64192490)
      Anthropomorphism [wikipedia.org]is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities. It is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology. Maybe you mean anthropogenic?
    • Can you elaborate on the nature of this disaster?

      It's true that the construction of the canal and its operation would have some disruption to the ecology in the immediate area, as does any and every human construction of any kind. A new neighborhood disrupts the plants and animals that reside in that area, for example. But I'm curious about what wider ecological impacts the canal has had. It's not obvious to me what that would be, beyond the direct footprint of the canal itself.

      • Offhand I'd guess it would be more impassable that a river or other natural waterway for wildlife, but I don't know if this is actually the case.
        • That's not a bad guess, but doesn't rise to the level of "ecological disaster" IMO. Those animals that could cross the rivers, can also cross the canal, and in any case they are all still able to live in the area where they have been living already, the canal doesn't evict them from their habitat.

        • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

          Other way around, usually. Canals shorten the water-borne distance from one body of water to another. The Panama canal allows water organisms to get from the mid-latitude Atlantic to the Pacific and vice versa. Migrating through the Panama canal does involve a lot of swimming upstream and changes in salinity, but it still happens. The Suez canal is all at sea level and actually lets the waters mingle, so it's generally worse.

          • I was thinking more terrestrial fauna. Scaling a riverbank at a shallows is probably easier than traversing a lock.
            • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

              Crossing it, yes. I don't think that's a particular concern. For most of its length the Panama canal is either an actual, preexisting river or lake, and most of the rest is something that's very much like a river. The locks are only a tiny part of its length.

    • The canal exists to improve global logistics for the entire modern world as does the Suez canal. The necessity was foreseeable so they were built. Their current and future necessity demands maintenance, repair, support (water etc) and adding as much capacity as practical by optimizing ship transit.

      Compared to sending all that marine traffic round Cape Horn with all the energy use, time waste and other consequences the canal is a bargain. Compared to unloading on one coast then shipping by rail and truck it'

  • by oumuamua ( 6173784 ) on Saturday January 27, 2024 @12:52PM (#64192460)
    seems only fair

    The Republic of Panama is one of the oldest and best-known tax havens in the Caribbean, as well as one of the most established in the region.[30] Panama has had a reputation for tax avoidance since the early 20th century, and Panama has been cited repeatedly in recent years as a jurisdiction which does not cooperate with international tax transparency initiatives. Panama's offshore sector is intimately tied to the Panama canal, which has made it a gateway and entrepôt for international trade.[31] There are strong similarities between Panama and other leading tax havens like Hong Kong, Singapore and Dubai. On paper at least, Panama has the largest shipping fleet in the world, greater than those of the US and China combined, according to the Tax Justice Network.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

  • by penguinoid ( 724646 ) on Saturday January 27, 2024 @12:56PM (#64192466) Homepage Journal

    Turns out the craziest environmentalists were right; all that CO2 really does result in dam-nation.

  • by Baron_Yam ( 643147 ) on Saturday January 27, 2024 @01:04PM (#64192474)

    Pump water from the lowest locks back to the highest. Use solar or whatever. Recapture some of the gravitational potential energy during the draining from higher locks to lower ones. Throw in some solar along the canal perimeter.

    You're still losing to evaporation, but not as much from dumping water into the ocean.

    • by RitchCraft ( 6454710 ) on Saturday January 27, 2024 @01:14PM (#64192498)

      Or just use a few giant solar powered helicopters to pick up and carry the ships across. Use auto-rotation to get the choppers back to ground level and use that gravitational potential energy to your advantage.

      • Troll? I thought we were arm-chair engineering here?

      • by PPH ( 736903 )

        Or just use a few giant solar powered helicopters to pick up and carry the ships across.

        Or we could design some sort of transportation system that can transport the ships' cargo across the isthmus. Leaving the ships in their respective oceans. Some sort of wheeled transportation, running on steel rails comes to mind. I know. Call me crazy.

        The goods destined for the East coast of the USA from Asia could be off-loaded at West coast ports and moved by rail. All that would be required is additional quantities of goods to make up for the inevitable blue state inventory shrinkage [slashdot.org].

    • I think that the problem is that the lake is fresh water, while the canal will be brackish. Pumping the water back destroy all life in the lake as it becomes more and more salty.

      Additionally, I'd guess the costs are high. The panama canal currently uses the water cycle to power it's activity. I'd be curious to know if anyone has worked out what the costs would actually be.

      • To resolve the brackish water issue, you could terminate the system at the second-last lock, and only use it for 2 out of three cycles.

        Can't beat thermodynamics, though.

    • Replace the canal with a tunnel. The Danish Stad Ship Tunnel is only planned for 40m, but why not 60km if we are talking Mega Engineering?
      • I wonder what the tides would be like in that tunnel. You might need a lock system just to prevent it from turning into a giant hydraulic ram.

        On the other hand, if you could control that flow you'd have 'free' energy to move ships. It takes 8-10 hours to cross the existing canal with powered ships and locks... but the tidal flow lasts about 6 hours and should produce an 18 knot flow (at least), probably a LOT more when you're funnelling an entire ocean into a human-scale tunnel. Without having to wait fo

    • The top priority should be to phase out the original locks; the new locks can recover some water at least. They also had proposed a ship elevator for small craft that is likely relatively easy to implement. And then there is the overland option, which should become more viable and do a lot to provide economic assistance in Colón.

      But pumping a few millions tons of water up 26m every day is not exactly practical.

  • Doomed (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Bahbus ( 1180627 ) on Saturday January 27, 2024 @01:56PM (#64192556) Homepage

    While I applaud the engineering behind the Panama Canal for it to function at all, I still think that it's a massive waste of freshwater altogether. It may have been more expensive to design a system that pumps in the ocean water into the locks (especially at the time) but would have been more consistent and would have never run into this very exact problem. Fresh, drinkable water shouldn't be used for such wasteful purposes anywhere.

    • Rivers do it all the time. The panama canal is taking advantage of something that would happen one way or another, I think.

      • by Bahbus ( 1180627 )

        Not when you need to create man-made lakes, and then start damming more and more rivers to compensate for a something that doesn't expressly require freshwater to function to begin with. The only reason they did it that way was because it was prohibitively expensive at the time to do it any other way. It may still be prohibitively expensive, I'm not sure. But if they're going to have to spend even more money, it's definitely something they should consider instead.

        • Not when you need to create man-made lakes

          No even then it makes sense providing you don't need to pump. That's the whole point, the water was flowing that direction and going to the ocean anyway. Not only that, that water already flowing into the ocean was actually a technical problem for the canal. Building the giant lake served two purposes, neither of which in any way affected the availability of drinking water. The fact fresh water is used to raise and lower the locks is because fresh water already flowed there and was available as part of the

          • by Bahbus ( 1180627 )

            It's not that the availability of drinking water is affected, it's that water that can be used for drinking shouldn't be used for purposes that don't expressly require fresh water. But I get it. I do. At the time, it made the most sense to do it the way they did based on the engineering available to them. Nestle hadn't bought up tons of fresh water sources yet. Global warming wasn't a concern. Blah blah blah etc etc. And yes, while the water was headed for the ocean anyway, the canal is dumping it faster de

    • Re:Doomed (Score:5, Insightful)

      by skam240 ( 789197 ) on Saturday January 27, 2024 @02:52PM (#64192690)

      I get where you're coming from as I live in a water stressed part of the US but fresh water's value changes based on scarcity. Traditionally Panama got very large amounts of rain so fresh water was easily used for stuff like this because of its massive abundance. The last 25 years or so they've been having increasing problems with droughts though https://illuminem.com/illumine... [illuminem.com] so what made perfect sense over 100 years ago is now problematic.

      • by Bahbus ( 1180627 )

        But it was a problem that was predicted, and guaranteed, to happen eventually. They've expanded the canal. The had problems in the 90s with El Nino (or El Nina, can't remember which). It's a finite fresh water supply that they have taken more and more from without compensation. And instead of incrementally doing anything to stave this problem off, they've done nothing.

        • The had problems in the 90s...

          They had problems in the 1960s. They had solutions then too.
          https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

          It's a finite fresh water supply that they have taken more and more from without compensation. And instead of incrementally doing anything to stave this problem off, they've done nothing.

          Agreed. They had decades of warning on this. Not only a bit of a scare on water supply shortages in the 1960s and 1970s but all kinds of news on how global warming could impact where the rain falls. Not enough rain and the Panama Canal stops working. I doubt anyone could ever pump enough water to make the Panama Canal practical should the rain dry up completely but they could put in some kind of nuclear power

        • by skam240 ( 789197 )

          Sure, as my citation pointed out, the El Nino droughts have become a big problem for them during the last 25 years and yes they should have reacted before this. Never the less the canal's design wasnt a bad idea at the time of construction as the country does typically get a lot of rain when they arent facing a modern El Nino https://www.britannica.com/pla... [britannica.com] and that's all I was getting at.

  • Why don't they use pumps instead of gravity to lift and lower the water level (and thus the vessels)?

    It's always been a massive water consumer.

    • If they used pumps, they'd need something to power them, and that costs money, not just to fuel the pumps, but in continual maintenance. Letting gravity do the job is free, except for keeping the locks themselves working.
    • by rossdee ( 243626 )

      They haven't found a way to switch off gravity.

  • An old concern (Score:5, Informative)

    by guruevi ( 827432 ) on Saturday January 27, 2024 @02:20PM (#64192604)

    The same concerns were brought up after the canal was built, then again in the 90s as El Niño was causing low water. Itâ(TM)s not climate change, the problem is the canal was engineered around a specific fresh water supply, then the canal has been expanded significantly over time, itâ(TM)s being expanded again but the problem is that the sources of water remained the same and the water isnâ(TM)t really being recycled. Making lakes will be a temporary fix, eventually the canal will be too big. The sole reason they use fresh water and not connect the two salt water bodies is exactly because of the environmentalists of the early 20th century.

    • The sole reason they use fresh water and not connect the two salt water bodies is exactly because of the environmentalists of the early 20th century.

      Is this correct? The French started building a sea level canal in 1881 and went bankrupt in 1889. Then the Comité Technique of the successor Compagnie Nouvelle came up with a plan with eight sets of locks and two high level lakes in 1898. However, in 1906 a US engineering panel recommended a sea level canal. To quote wikipedia:

      But in 1906 Stevens, who had seen the Chagres in full flood, was summoned to Washington; he declared a sea-level approach to be "an entirely untenable proposition". He argued in favor of a canal using a lock system to raise and lower ships from a large reservoir 85 ft (26 m) above sea level. This would create both the largest dam (Gatun Dam) and the largest human-made lake (Gatun Lake) in the world at that time.

      The factors at play appear to be excavation costs and the seasonal flooding of the Chagres river, which the lake plan works around.

  • This problem was seen before over 50 years ago, and the problem was solved.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

    You don't want a nuclear power plant at the Panama Canal to solve this problem? You believe that would be too expensive? Take too long? Whatever. They've had 50 years of warning that global warming would be an issue, including a kind of "dress rehearsal" on what to do about it in the 1960s and 1970s. Not having enough water to run the locks at full capacity is costing them a lot of money, and wit

  • But fixing climate change is SO EXPENSIVE and what's in it FOR ME I want to get 3mpg in my GIANT PICKUP TRUCK and it's probably DRAG QUEENS that are causing the problem anyway because of the WOKE AGENDAAAAA WAAAHHH

    (this is satire)

  • others are taking longer, costlier routes around Africa or South America

    I get how the Panama Canal's issues force some ships to go around South America. But Africa? I don't get it.

  • Seriously? Water is water, as far as moving ships goes... right? You got 2, count 'em 2, oceans to pick from.

    • Seriously? Water is water, as far as moving ships goes... right? You got 2, count 'em 2, oceans to pick from.

      The lake is also where they get drinking water for the people that live around the canal. If they continuously pump seawater into the lake then eventually it becomes too salty to drink. Well, water is water so the water can have the salt removed first but that only adds to the energy demand, this on top of pumping the water to the top of the hill in the middle of the canal.

      Putting small amounts of seawater in the lake isn't going to cause big problems, it's a big lake and it is rivers running to the sea t

  • For those with an interest the book, "Panama Fever" by Matthew Parker is an excellent book about the building of the canal with lots of insights about the challenges of the geography in that part of the world.

    • Geology, not geography... sheeesh

      Anyway, as one example, at one point during construction one of the engineers was at the bottom of the cut and the land he was standing on rose six feet in five minutes.

    • ...as well as the challenges of the fever mentioned in the title.

      Great book. Had the sad story of how they put trees in pots to cheer up the hospital for fever victims, and didn't realize that the mosquitos that bred in the pots were the cause. And the fever doctor who took his family there. Who all died of the fever.

      Hopefully cures for all these horrible diseases will eradicate them soon.
  • They've already pumped billions into the canal and effectively own it.

    • They've already pumped billions into the canal and effectively own it.

      I suspect that China is not going to get involved. They have bigger problems right now.

      There's been reports that an inspection of ballistic missiles revealed that the fuel tanks were full of water. This can mean someone is stealing the fuel, using water in the tanks to add weight to delay suspicion. It can mean other things too, none of them likely good for China. There's something of a food shortage in China right now. Also a labor shortage, so the people that a few years ago were punishing people for

  • A lack of proper planning has crippled the Panama Canal.

    They should have increased the reservoir capacity in advance of building new lanes that use water from the resevoirs.

    Climate change is a convenient scapegoat.

    • A lack of proper planning has crippled the Panama Canal.

      They should have increased the reservoir capacity in advance of building new lanes that use water from the resevoirs.

      Climate change is a convenient scapegoat.

      Perhaps global warming is a convenient scapegoat, they certainly had time to plan for what I suspect was an inevitable event.

      The people running the canal had to know that the rainfall was variable. They certainly had to see reports of global warming potentially impacting rainfall all over the world. Even if they had seen none of this, and only their own pas records on lake levels, then they had to know that at some future time they may need something to mitigate against an extended drought or see their in

  • Well, here's mine anyway:

    Make the ships that do go through more efficient by only letting through ships that completely reach the size and load limits.
    Ships that don't measure up have to unload and put their loads onto ships that do. And then possibly reload onto another ship for the rest of the journey.
    Surely that's still better that than going round South America?

    ( I am not a logistics expert, nor have I ever seen one on TV. )
    • Hyperloop the containers. Likely cheaper more reliable to build the lake n tunnel. Anyway the ships r extra burden so just moving containers should lighten the load. Ships will need more efficient loading systems. Higher priority value cargo can afford the higher cost for time savings. Others can take alternative routes. Sea is still the easiest cheapest way to move goods but not so good for emissions.
  • Why should the US care? Trade with Asia via the West coast and with EMEA via the East coast. I would have thought that keeping Suez and the Red sea open were more in our interests
  • - publish a computer game to "fix" the canal to distributively brainstorm the problem
    - w/i money was no object?
    - use waste petro energy from the ships to partly power it (GEET)
    - use Hutchinson Effect anti-grav somehow
    - "beam" the cargo from place to place, pure and simple (transporters have a range of 40 000 km)
    - improve the rr facilities on the w. coast to the e. coast so fewer ships must use the canal
    - make any goods not specifically required from nw asia locally in n. america
    - transport the cargo

  • Why is this such a drama?

    Pump the water back into the canal, and not let it "escape" into the ocean.
    Pump it into a holding bay for reuse.
    Use ocean water to "lift" the ships up to the correct height.

    It is not an issue that has a lack of funding to resolve. There are so many easy, non-technically challenging solutions to this "issue"

  • Please don't show up at our door asking for money.

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