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Canada The Military

No More Lee-Enfield: Canada's Rangers To Get a Tech Upgrade 334

ControlsGeek writes The Lee-Enfield .303 rifle is being phased out for use by the Canadian Rangers, a Northern aboriginal branch of the Armed Forces. The rifle has been in service with the Canadian military for 100 years and is still being used by the Rangers for its unfailing reliability in Arctic conditions. If only the hardware that we use in computers could have such a track record. The wheels turn slowly, though, and it's not clear what kind of gun will replace the Enfields.
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No More Lee-Enfield: Canada's Rangers To Get a Tech Upgrade

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  • Comment removed (Score:3, Interesting)

    by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @09:32AM (#48180327)
    Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • Re:May I suggest (Score:5, Informative)

      by rubycodez ( 864176 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @09:40AM (#48180347)

      Wrong, stock will melt if left under vehicle curved window in summer. I speak from experience.

      • While true, I don't think that is a concern in the canadian north.

        However I would be concerned about the opposite. synthetics don't do well in extreme cold either.

        • Re:May I suggest (Score:5, Informative)

          by Charliemopps ( 1157495 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @10:54AM (#48180749)

          I've owned quite a few Rifles in my time. Wood stocks are superior to composite in every category but 1. Composite is lighter.

        • However I would be concerned about the opposite. synthetics don't do well in extreme cold either.

          That depends very much on exactly which synthetic material(s) you are talking about. Some have chemistry that works great in cold. Others not so much. There is more than a bit of "you get what you pay for" here.

        • You understand: summer?
          You understand: glass window? Probably black console, or luggage are?
          You understand: closed vehicle aka green house?

          What has the latitude to do with that? Even at the north pole during 'polar day' it easy gets over 100 degrees C inside of a car.

          • 100 degrees C? Boiling point of water? Not even close. Besides, considering the number of cars at the north pole, the problem is not worth worrying about. Growing brittle in the severe cold would be the real issue.
      • Re: May I suggest (Score:5, Interesting)

        by O('_')O_Bush ( 1162487 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @10:02AM (#48180443)
        That is because you were using a cheap-ass thermoplastic/synthetic stock instead of a quality fiberglass/synthetic stock.

        There are many bolt guns with similar functionality and better performance than the Lee-Enfield.

        For example, the Remington 700P weighs the same as an Enfield, but has modern accuracy (0.5 MOA out of the box isn't uncommon), durability (not as effected by temperature swings), and is available with modern cartridges like 308 Win and 300 Win Mag.

        Or there are rifles like the Ruger Gunsite Scout, while not combat proven, is cold weather hunting proven, offering a very lightweight package at aroun 7 lbs, 308 Win, better accuracy than the Enfield, a temperature resistant laminate stock, and back up irons.
        • That is because you were using a cheap-ass thermoplastic/synthetic stock instead of a quality fiberglass/synthetic stock.

          There are many bolt guns with similar functionality and better performance than the Lee-Enfield.

          For example, the Remington 700P weighs the same as an Enfield, but has modern accuracy (0.5 MOA out of the box isn't uncommon), durability (not as effected by temperature swings), and is available with modern cartridges like 308 Win and 300 Win Mag.

          Or there are rifles like the Ruger Gunsite Scout, while not combat proven, is cold weather hunting proven, offering a very lightweight package at aroun 7 lbs, 308 Win, better accuracy than the Enfield, a temperature resistant laminate stock, and back up irons.

          Not trying to be condascending here, I'm just curious. How well do fiber glass stocks do at -40 C? I notice the only rifle you listed as cold weather proven still has a wood laminate stock. Personally I'm generally pretty liberal and open to new ideas but when it comes to guns I pretty much won't touch anything that doesn't have a wooden stock. It's partly because I detest plastic and partly because experience has taught me that plastics tend to get brittle at extremely low temperatures but I've never reall

          • Re: May I suggest (Score:5, Interesting)

            by O('_')O_Bush ( 1162487 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @11:40AM (#48180999)
            Fiberglass stocks do pretty well in the cold... well enough that the US Army and Marine corp chose them during the Cold War for their M40 and M24 sniper platforms with fighting in Siberia specifically in mind and tested them in field trials in Alaska.
          • Re: May I suggest (Score:5, Informative)

            by O('_')O_Bush ( 1162487 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @11:49AM (#48181037)
            Or, shit, how about the AI Arctic Warfare rifles serviced by the Swedish and Norwegian militaries, amongst others, specifically designed for use in the extreme cold... and also using fiberglass/kevlar composite stocks.
            • way too costly. it's a specialistic sniper weapon, while the Lee Enfield, well let's say costs are pretty all amortized by now.
      • by sjbe ( 173966 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @10:47AM (#48180707)

        Wrong, stock will melt if left under vehicle curved window in summer. I speak from experience.

        Then it was an inappropriate choice of material but that is not sufficient evidence to condemn (or recommend) synthetics in general. Most cars are loaded with plastics and they don't melt. If the stock you had melted from the fairly modest heat in a car, then it was a piece of junk to begin with. No plastic on a working tool should melt that easily unless that was the specific intent.

        There are plenty of non-exotic plastics with melting points well in excess of 130C (266F), and some considerably higher. Nylon's melting point is 190C for example. I work with many of them routinely. If your car is getting that hot I think some plastic melting will be the least of your concern.

    • Almost any brand will do.
      Providing the proper "re$pect" is donated to the proper palms.
    • Re:May I suggest (Score:5, Insightful)

      by ihtoit ( 3393327 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @09:46AM (#48180391)

      composite (plastic) stocks do become very brittle in freezing weather (I know having had a Crosman Nightstalker disintegrate in my hands while out ratting just last February), this is why the CS proposals were rejected. There is an Enfield analogue already (what you might call a civilian version), but you won't find any Canadian hunters using it simply because it has a composite stock - the M10. Hardwoods are more stable in pretty much any environment as long as the grain is sealed, than any other material save titanium alloy, but I'm sure you wouldn't want to know what that'd cost.

      • by Greyfox ( 87712 )
        If you're a military, you don't ask what it costs. You just write the check and have the taxpayers sign it.
        • Re:May I suggest (Score:5, Insightful)

          by Gonoff ( 88518 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @10:56AM (#48180757)

          Wrong. That may apply to your military with its huge budgets and tiny political oversight.

          In the developed world, we do not feel obliged to be the worlds policeman and do not fund our services according to that idea.
          Yes, they do tend to get a lot of money but it's not limitless.

        • by ihtoit ( 3393327 )

          ok, here it is: a beech stock costs about $5. That's trimmed for the action as well.
          A custom milled titanium alloy stock costs $850 *minimum* (knowing since I had a TA bullpup conversion made for a Benjamin Sheridan EB22 in '07).

          If you're RFPing for ten thousand of these things, and you're on a Government budget, do the math and weigh that against the backlash when you turn a 50k expense into a million Dollars you could have spent elsewhere, like say on essential other survival gear such as water purificati

        • If you're a military, you don't ask what it costs.

          Except in this case, their not military. Police have different requirements than the military, not the least of which is sticking to a budget.

          Despite what you see with US police departments, police forces don't need the latest military hardware.

          • Except in this case, their not military. Police have different requirements than the military, not the least of which is sticking to a budget.

            Except the Rangers *are* military. Their officers are Army, they are trained by the Army, supplied by the Army, and paid by the Army.

      • composite (plastic) stocks do become very brittle in freezing weather (I know having had a Crosman Nightstalker disintegrate in my hands while out ratting just last February) Hardwoods are more stable in pretty much any environment as long as the grain is sealed, than any other material save titanium alloy, but I'm sure you wouldn't want to know what thatd cost.

        You're using a very cheap ($100) air rifle as evidence that plastics break in cold weather? Do you seriously think the plastics in that were engineered with any sort of temperature extremes in mind? That thing was produced to be as cheap as possible and you can be sure that they didn't get carried away picking a plastic that can handle temperature extremes. There are plenty of synthetic materials that can handle cold just fine.

        Not saying you are necessarily wrong but can you cite any evidence for this st

        • by ihtoit ( 3393327 )

          well, we could always ask someone who knows. How about the patent holders for Nylon?

          According to DuPont, the glass point of raw nylon 6 (the point at which it loses flexibility and takes on physical characteristics of plate glass) is around -40F. Doping can alleviate this in terms of overall structural integrity, but that becomes moot when water gets in and forces fissures apart. Also, ask ANYONE who a: lives in a cold climate and b: wears Goretex, just how their coats behave in extreme cold conditions.

          • by dbIII ( 701233 ) on Monday October 20, 2014 @06:41AM (#48185161)
            Epoxy is a thermosetting plastic so is very unlike nylon. It's already as brittle as it is going to get at room temperature - it keeps the same toughness at lower temperatures because it doesn't have a glass transition temperature like nylon does. It's due to the two materials having very different structures. Epoxy has a lot of crosslinking, like a mesh, while nylon doesn't, like spaghetti. Cool the spaghetti down and there's a lot more resistance to it moving about on the plate until suddenly it's all stuck frozen together - glass transition temperature.
            Look up "thermosetting vs thermoplastic" for some ideas. What the holders of the nylon patent know is not relevant for something made of glass reinforced epoxy resin.
    • I'm surprised that the Royal Canadian Mounted Geese aren't using these critters:

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A... [wikipedia.org]

      Rather than a traditional wooden or polymer rifle stock, the AW is based on an aluminium chassis which extends the entire length of the stock. This chassis system is marketed as the Accuracy International Chassis System (AICS) and can be used for all Accuracy International rifles. All other components, including the receiver, are bolted directly to this chassis. Two hollow polymer "half thumb-hole stock panels", usually coloured green, dark earth or black, are in turn bolted to the chassis, creating a rugged, yet for its sturdiness comparatively light, weapon. The Accuracy International receiver is bolted with 4 screws and permanently bonded with epoxy material to the aluminium chassis, and was designed for ruggedness, simplicity and ease of operation. To this end the heavy-walled, flat-bottomed, flat-sided receiver is a stressed part, machined in-house by AI from a solid piece of forged carbon steel. AW rifles are supplied in two action lengths—standard AW (short) and long SM (magnum). The six bolt lugs, arranged in two rows of three, engage a heat-treated steel locking ring insert pinned inside the front bridge of the action. The ring can be removed and replaced to refresh headspace control on older actions. The AW system cast steel bolt has a 0.75-inch (19 mm) diameter combined with gas relief holes in a 0.785 in (19.9 mm) diameter bolt body and front action bridge allowing high-pressure gases a channel of escape in the event of a cartridge-case head failure. Against penetrating water or dirt the bolt has milled slots, which also prevent freezing or similar disturbances. Unlike conventional bolt-action rifles, the bolt handle is bent to the rear, which eases the repeating procedure for the operator and reduces the contour of the weapon. The action cocks on opening with a short, 60 degree bolt throw and has a non-rotating (fixed) external extractor and an internal ejector. Firing pin travel is 0.26 in (6.6 mm) to keep lock times to a minimum. Finally, an 11 mm (0.43 in) integral dovetail rail located above the receiver is designed to accommodate different types of optical or electro-optical sights. As an option a MIL-STD-1913 rail (Picatinny rail) can be permanently pinned, bonded and bolted to the action, providing a standard interface for many optical systems.

      • Re:May I suggest (Score:5, Informative)

        by Dzimas ( 547818 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @01:20PM (#48181385)

        You understand that there's a difference between the RCMP and the Canadian Forces, right?

        The Canadian Rangers' mandate is to provide a military presence and sovereignty patrols in sparsely settled and extremely remote (Northern) regions of the country. The force is made up of reservists, and they're issued a unique uniform -- CADPAT pants, bright red Ranger sweatshirt and baseball cap. The whole idea is to take a group of Northerners and leverage their wilderness and arctic skills. It's a much smarter and more cost-effective approach than attempting to train and equip a group of 18 year-old city kids for the tundra.

    • How about a modern .308 bolt-action rifle with a synthetic stock? The caliber is more than adequate; the stock won't be affected by the elements; and a bolt-action is very reliable. It's extremely simple and easy to keep clean. Almost any brand will do.

      Yes, of course. Because of the shortage of wood in Canada right?

    • by Nimey ( 114278 )

      The Finns came up with a good solution with their reworked Mosins: 3-piece wooden stocks. They left gaps between the pieces to allow for expansion and contraction with ambient air temperature and humidity.

    • by cptdondo ( 59460 )

      Not really. These are backwoods weapons that see little to no maintenance. They don't get depot cleaning and parts aren't available. (Check out where and how the rangers operate).

      I shoot bolt action rifles and after a while you need to strip the bolts and clean them. The Lee Enfields may not see that for years if ever, and they still have to shoot, since the Ranger's life probably depends on it.

      So it's not "almost any brand" since few brands have that kind of reliability and track record.

      it's going to b

  • a quick search (Score:5, Interesting)

    by ihtoit ( 3393327 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @09:34AM (#48180331)

    ...reveals that Colt Canada will be producing the new ranger rifle, the RFP was put to pasture last month. My thinking is that the stock will be a sealed beech rather than abs plastic (which would become brittle in the cold), keep the ten round box but chamber the rifle for .308 Winchester (7.62 NATO) and keep the turn bolt action.

    • But...Bolt Action??

      Why the preference for bolt action? Is there some unique requirement that rules out Automatics?

      • Yeah that seems...odd. Modern military small unit tactics are built entirely around volume of fire - it's why automatics were developed and modern service rifles are the way they are.

        • Re: a quick search (Score:5, Informative)

          by Tailhook ( 98486 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @11:32AM (#48180969)

          Yeah that seems...odd.

          Nothing `odd' about it. Canadian Rangers aren't involved in an arms race. Bears and whatnot haven't evolved much since 1914, and they haven't been issued bear shaped body armor or fully automatic laser claws.

          Thus, a reliable bolt action rifle remains sufficient. Traipsing around Arctic tundra with a heavy, high maintenance semi auto just to fend off the wildlife would be silly.

          Bolt action rifles are still standard issue [wikipedia.org] in the US military, ubiquitous in LE arsenals and remain wildly popular with civilians for whom new bolt action designs continue to appear. Once you exceed 5.56 NATO and 7.62×39mm calibers bolt action is by far the most common rifle action type for non-military applications.

        • Re: a quick search (Score:5, Informative)

          by morethanapapercert ( 749527 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @11:35AM (#48180979) Homepage
          Except that Canadian Rangers do not use modern small unit tactics. They do not conduct what you'd think of as a military patrol, more like a border security and game warden patrol. The primary purpose of their rifles is self defence against wildlife or obtaining food while on patrol, not engaging a human enemy. This is also behind the rationale for the .303 cartridge rather than the more modern .308, 300 winmag and other rounds I've seen suggested. Canadian Rangers don't need long range accuracy, they need medium range stopping power using only the military ball rounds approved by international conventions. (the Hague Convention if memory serves correctly)

          The conditions and primary mission of the Canadian Rangers also drives the choice of bolt action vs a semi-automatic. Compared to more modern firearms, the Lee-Enfield is built with fairly loose tolerances, so the barrel and action can expand and contract in response to the heat of firing and the extreme cold often found in the Arctic without failing. (when shooting an attacking polar bear at less than 200m, making sure the weapon works is far more important than obtaining sub-MOA accuracy.) The weapon also has to be easily field-stripped even when wearing gloves. Being a Commonwealth country, we still have lots and lots of WW1 issue rifles, making their use very cost effective. The only reason the Canadian Forces wants to replace it is because nobody has made parts for them in decades, so things like firing pins and trigger springs are becoming scarce.

        • These guns are for defense against big predators and not for small unit tactics. The other issue is that the relatively complex mechanism of an automatic rifle is prone to icing up. Even AKs freeze solid in the north

        • by dbc ( 135354 )

          The doctrine of suppressive area fire came about with close quarters battle in jungle and urban settings, where the utility of aimed fire from a long stand-off distance is not in play much. In the treeless Canadian arctic, CQB is not a thing. The rate of fire with a smooth bolt action is not much worse than a semi-auto for a trained operator, and has bolt action has good cold weather reliability. Also... .308 has an awful lot of recoil for full-auto -- essentially unusable for most mortals. The selected

      • Bolt action because of prolonged temperatures of -30.
      • Dust. Dirt. Mud. Polar Bears. Soul freezing temperatures. Polar Bears. Mud. Dust. Dirt. Rocks.

        Polar Bears.

      • Re: a quick search (Score:4, Informative)

        by SimonTheSoundMan ( 1012395 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @10:40AM (#48180659)

        More accurate, don't jam as much in cold weather. If a Lee fails to fire, you can pull the pin back again without moving the bolt. If a bear is coming at me and the rifle fails to fire, do I want to pull a pin back and then it'll fire, or have to go through the drill of making the firearm safe, emptying the round from the chamber, then loading the next round then pray it fires that time around.

      • Reliability. Dust, mud, frozen water all will jam your semi-auto action or magazine. A bolt action will not suffer such fates. And even if the internal magazine jams, you can still operate single-shot without much effort. Bolt-action is just much more reliable. Just like a revolver is much more reliable than a semi-auto pistol. No fire? Pull the trigger again and it will go bang...
      • by tomhath ( 637240 )
        RTFA. Rangers aren't there to fight another army. They use the rifle for protection from large animals like bears and moose, plus meat hunting.
      • Re: a quick search (Score:5, Informative)

        by ihtoit ( 3393327 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @11:02AM (#48180793)

        1. bolt action because you don't need 30 rounds rapid to drop a polar bear.
        2. bolt action because automatics are high maintenance and require training for effective maintenance. A bolt action is just a case of unlock, remove bolt, clean bolt, shove a pipecleaner through the barrel and pull it through the breech. Done.
        3. bolt action because they are as quick to clear a jam as it is to clean. Shed bolt, ramrod down the muzzle, bolt back in, cock it.
        4. bolt action because jamming is an extremely rare occurrence.
        5. bolt action because anything with any more complicated of an action is just n+1 more components that are liable to fail at exactly the wrong moment.

        • given the land speed of a Polar Bear if you need to shoot more than 8 rounds to drop said bear then thats just ammo that will be in the gun when the polar bear EATS YOU AND YOUR GUN.

          do they have a snowmobile big enough to mount a Vulcan??

          • by ihtoit ( 3393327 )

            I would think so, the deck-mounted platform only weighs 6 tonnes. You'd get that on the back of a longbase Hummer - or a Bradley.

            M61 Gatling CIWS: when you absolutely, positively gotta cut every motherfucker in half with a wall of 20mm tungsten sabot.

    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by _Shad0w_ ( 127912 )

      A slightly better search would have told you that tender was cancelled in 2011 and a new one issued this year; they're holding the new selection process next year.

  • They are very common in India, and I assume in all of British Commonwealth. Local police have them but usually do not carry them around regularly. A typical police station would have about six of them very visible but locked by a strip of metal. All the police station scenes in Bollywood movies would have them. The National Cadet Corps, a high school student training program, would culminate with the training to use these rifles. We get to fire at most 10 rounds as the right of passage to get the "C" certificate if I remember right.

    To imagine the same weapon used so heavily in the tropics, mud and monsoon being noted for its reliability in Arctic conditions is amazing. But this is a very simple basic weapon. Even India is phasing them out, apparently.

    • by rikkards ( 98006 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @09:41AM (#48180355) Journal

      Getting my gun license in a couple months and it is on the list of guns I want. I spent a week up north working with the Canadian Military and a bit with the Rangers and I enjoyed it immensely. They get an allowance to purchase their own equipment. Once out on the tundra they revert to the traditional garb as they found the high-tech stuff doesn't work well.

      • Getting my gun license in a couple months and it is on the list of guns I want.

        Picked one of them up ten years or so ago. Smoothest cycling bolt-action I've ever seen....

    • The Indian ones are typically in 762x51 NATO (aka 308 winchester) not 303 brit

      • I am not very sure about that. Wiki says .303 Enfield is being phased out. May be being replaced by a 7.62 mm caliber weapon. It could be a NATO weapon, India buys from both NATO and Warsaw pact. Does crazy things like adding magic-matra missiles (NATO) on to MIG-21 or MIG-23. How they got the missiles' target acquisition radar with Russian cockpit displays and the target selection pointer I have no idea.
    • Are they selling them? Sounds like a dream rifle for casual hunters.
    • by Savage-Rabbit ( 308260 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @11:09AM (#48180829)

      To imagine the same weapon used so heavily in the tropics, mud and monsoon being noted for its reliability in Arctic conditions is amazing. But this is a very simple basic weapon. Even India is phasing them out, apparently.

      Not really, all those late 19th century bolt action rifles were extremely reliable, that's why the bolt action is still the most popular rifle action in use today which says something about the soundness of Nikolaus von Dreyse's original design that first saw the light of day back in 1824. This type of gun has been used in the high Andes in S-America, jungles in Africa/America/Asia and deserts around the world. The German Mausers and Russian Mosin Nagants operated just as reliably in those places as the Lee Enfield and long as you had proper gun oil that didn't sieze the gun up in extreme cold they did well in the extreme Arctic too. Bolt action Enfields and Russian Mosin Nagants are still in widespread use by the Taleban in Afghanistan and Pakistan and througout the Middle East. I've seen these old guns in the hands of Hamas guerillas in the Gaza strip (At least one was a WWI Turkish Mauser by the look of it) and by rebels fighters in Arabia. People may think that's comical but in the hands of a decent marksman some of these old war horses will still out shoot a Government trooper armed with a brand spanking new M4 Carbine, G-36 or AK-47.

  • About time (Score:5, Funny)

    by timeOday ( 582209 ) on Sunday October 19, 2014 @09:43AM (#48180367)
    I saw a documentary on these poor saps and they were scurrying around in snow tunnels and using rifles against huge manned robots. They managed to get one by tying a cable around its legs using one of the few little airplanes that they had, but in the end it was a rout.
    • Yeah, I saw it too. What bummed me out was that, they did have some fighter planes of the X-wing class. They saved their elite flying squadrons and used these poor saps as cannon fodder.
  • If only the hardware that we use in computers could have such a track record.

    Nobody wants 100 year old computational hardware. Giving hardware longer longevity at this point would be pointless as it becomes obsolete around the same time it fails. Would you buy a 286 PC today from someone who said it was reliable? No, of course not - and that would only be around 30 years old. Furthermore nothing that is made today will be of any significance in 100 years.

    • More importantly: it's more expensive to do the same computations on old hardware then it is on new hardware, factoring capital and power expenses. Newer hardware is straight up better.

  • The Lee-Enfield is probably one of the best rifles to have ever been made.
    • by Nimey ( 114278 )

      However, it hasn't been produced in a long time (parts wear out), it's for an obsolescent caliber (complicates logistics a bit), and there are better rifles now.

  • If only the hardware that we use in computers could have such a track record.

    It can if the use case would remain unchanged for 100 years and that technology improvements would be slow enough. The Voyager probes are around 40 years old and (mostly) still working in very harsh conditions so it clearly can be done. Of course you would be hard pressed to find two products more different than firearms and computers so I'm not sure why this hypothetical comparison was in the summary. The pace of technology improvements in small arms is positively glacial compared with that of computers

  • The first rifle the British Army put in my hands was a Lee Enfield. It was the same as my grandfather would have used in WWII.

    It is probably the easiest rifle to use, load and fire. Sadly, it was not as easy to clean as the SLR (7.62 L1A1) that I spent more time with later.

  • The short-magazine Lee-Enfield (SMLE) isn't called the "Smelly" for no reason. It's got an eight-ton trigger pull, stock forearm bands that will drill a hole in your shoulder while you carry it, a steel butt plate that will make an attempt to dislocate your shoulder when fired...

    But it is reliable. In fact, think of it as the bolt action flavor of an AK-47.

    I hope what they end up with serves as well.

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