Slashdot is powered by your submissions, so send in your scoop

 



Forgot your password?
typodupeerror
×
Earth Science

Experts: Aim of 2 Degrees Climate Goal Insufficient 442

An anonymous reader points out that a long held goal of keeping the Earth's average temperature from rising above 2 degrees Celsius might not be good enough. "A long-held benchmark for limiting global warming is 'utterly inadequate,' a leading U.N. climate scientist declared. Keeping the Earth's average temperature from rising past 2 degrees Celsius – a cap established by studies in the early 1970s – is far too loose a goal, Petra Tschakert, a professor at Penn State University and a lead author of an assessment report for the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC, said in a commentary published in the journal Climate Change Responses. Already, with an average increase of just 0.8 degrees Celsius, she wrote, 'negative impacts' are 'widespread across the globe.' Tschakert called for lowering the warming target to 1.5 degrees Celsius."
This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

Experts: Aim of 2 Degrees Climate Goal Insufficient

Comments Filter:
  • Complete article (Score:5, Informative)

    by phantomfive ( 622387 ) on Sunday March 29, 2015 @01:54PM (#49366029) Journal
    Here is a link to the complete, actual commentary [climatecha...ponses.com] from which all the other stories derive.
    • Re:Complete article (Score:5, Informative)

      by phantomfive ( 622387 ) on Sunday March 29, 2015 @02:24PM (#49366155) Journal
      Wow, I strongly suggest that anyone read that commentary, if they are interested in the political side behind global warming.

      For example, when discussing this graph [climatecha...ponses.com], the article mentions:

      in Yokohama in March 2014 [24], authors and delegates spent a considerable amount of time negotiating the temperature axis.....as a response to the insistence on the part of some parties, including St. Lucia, Saudi Arabia, and Bolivia, a second thermometer was added to the right. For many delegates, it was fundamental to not omit in this crucial figure the 0.61C change that had been accumulating..... fierce debates erupted over the visual highlighting of certain temperature targets in the graphic......St. Lucia, supported by Dominica, Jamaica, Tuvalu, Cuba, Mali, France, and then also Germany, requested a third dotted line at 1.5C......others considered it policy-prescriptive and hence inappropriate for the IPCC whose mandate it is to be no more than policy-relevant. A compromise to add dotted lines at all 0.5C increments, offered by the IPCC authors as well as Belgium, Austria, the U.S., and others, was rejected. In the end, the graphic was approved, without any horizontal lines, as most ‘scientifically neutral.’

      • by TapeCutter ( 624760 ) on Sunday March 29, 2015 @10:01PM (#49367995) Journal
        All IPCC group reports are finalised via political negotiation except for one group. WG1 is the scientific group, all the others refer back to the WG1 report for factual information, the other groups argue about how to present those facts in their own working group(WG). In 25yrs of incredibly intense scrutiny, nobody has ever found a factual error in the final versions of a WG1 report. That really is a very robust outcome and a credit to the scientists involved.

        Only nations that donate to the IPCC budget get a vote on the other reports, last I checked there were ~135 nations who together represent pretty much every political view in the rainbow, it takes a long time for them to agree. The IPCC budget is $5-6M/yr, nobody who actually works on the reports is paid a dime by the IPCC, all of the scientists involved DONATE their time. Their financial accounts are on their web site. Try finding the accounts for an anti-science no-think-tank such Senator Inhofe's barking dog - the heartland institute.
  • Nutz (Score:4, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Sunday March 29, 2015 @02:03PM (#49366055)

    Considering that Milankovitch cycles show the earth's recent temperature swings are significantly more than 1.5 degrees WITHOUT impact from man, this seems a bit nutty. Global climate change has been happening for a long time before man started burning fossil fuels. Sure it sucks for some, but then again, it will be sweet for some people who get benefits from such a change. Life goes on, just like it has in the past ice ages, despite 1000 metre thick glaciers covering much of Europe and N. America.

    Earth is not a static closed system folks... It changes shitloads more all by itself then any amount attributed to by even the most generous of climate analysts. Get used to it. Buy a vineyard in England.

    • While undoubtably true, one of the big issues with our currently changing climate is that the anthropogenic forcing is supposedly pushing change faster than historical 'natural' climate change. Thus, ecologies will have less time to adjust and that is generally considered to be a Bad Thing. The problem with that theory is that some of the finer grained climate studies - mostly from newer ocean sediment cores - indicates that some significant changes have happened over periods of decades. That clearly is

    • Re:Nutz (Score:4, Informative)

      by riverat1 ( 1048260 ) on Sunday March 29, 2015 @02:48PM (#49366279)

      Considering that Milankovitch cycles show the earth's recent temperature swings are significantly more than 1.5 degrees WITHOUT impact from man, this seems a bit nutty. Global climate change has been happening for a long time before man started burning fossil fuels. Sure it sucks for some, but then again, it will be sweet for some people who get benefits from such a change. Life goes on, just like it has in the past ice ages, despite 1000 metre thick glaciers covering much of Europe and N. America.

      Earth is not a static closed system folks... It changes shitloads more all by itself then any amount attributed to by even the most generous of climate analysts. Get used to it. Buy a vineyard in England.

      The difference in temperature between the depths of the ice age and now is about 5 degrees C but that rise in temperature was spread out over 10,000-15,000 years (5 degrees/10,000 = 0.0005 degrees/year). The current temperate change is between 0.01 and 0.02 degrees/year, two orders of magnitude greater than when the ice age ended. The problem isn't so much that temperature is changing but that it's changing so fast. The greater the rate of temperature change the harder adaption will be for both human and natural systems. The Earth will survive and life will survive the current warming but there will mass extinctions and that may well include civilization as we now know it.

      • by Troed ( 102527 )

        The current temperate change is between 0.01 and 0.02 degrees/year, two orders of magnitude greater than when the ice age ended. The problem isn't so much that temperature is changing but that it's changing so fast. The greater the rate of temperature change the harder adaption will be for both human and natural systems.

        I've never been able to figure out the original of those claims - do you know? I can't find any scientific sources for it - on the contrary:

        Until a few decades ago it was generally thought that all large-scale global and regional climate changes occurred gradually over a timescale of many centuries or millennia, scarcely perceptible during a human lifetime. The tendency of climate to change relatively suddenly has been one of the most suprising outcomes of the study of earth history, specifically the last 1

    • by itzly ( 3699663 )

      Life goes on, just like it has in the past ice ages, despite 1000 metre thick glaciers covering much of Europe and N. America.

      I don't think much life goes on if it was covered by 1000 meter thick glaciers.

      • Re:Nutz (Score:5, Funny)

        by Dutch Gun ( 899105 ) on Sunday March 29, 2015 @03:30PM (#49366469)

        I don't think much life goes on if it was covered by 1000 meter thick glaciers.

        If you get overrun by a glacier, I'm not sure how much sympathy I'd have for you.

        • by itzly ( 3699663 )

          No, glaciers sneaking up on us aren't going to be a problem. But they do illustrate nicely what a few degrees temperature difference means. It is possible that some places on earth get overrun by sea level rise if we hit certain tipping points in West Antarctica.

  • Social scientists (Score:5, Interesting)

    by phantomfive ( 622387 ) on Sunday March 29, 2015 @02:08PM (#49366085) Journal
    This beautiful quote from the paper gives the point of view of feminist social scientists (the term "feminist social scientists" comes from the paper):

    Less well known perhaps is a critique from feminist social scientists who interrogate what may be deemed ‘acceptable’ and what may be ‘dangerous’, and for whom, and who contest the global community as a homogeneous entity. Joni Seager, for instance, demonstrates how notions of acceptability always mirror ‘a prism of privilege, power, and geography’ [14]. She argues that those for whom a 2C target [are] politicians and economists from the global North deeply entrenched in a masculinized rationality that nature can be controlled and that in the imminent climate race with inevitable winners and losers they will be among the former. Seager rejects the notion of a 2C target as a real geophysical threshold that neatly distinguishes between little and much danger

    That is worth a read for educational purposes alone.

    • Although "mirroring a prism" is quite a visually impressive metaphor.
    • So apparently the Barristas at Starbucks are taking up science again ?

    • Finally something we can agree on. Conservatives need to come to the table with solutions, in order to fight this type of nonsense. The current intransigent denial of the evidence cedes the political debate on what to do to another set of fringe lunatics.
      • by khallow ( 566160 ) on Sunday March 29, 2015 @07:10PM (#49367443)

        Conservatives need to come to the table with solutions

        You need problems first in order to have solutions. For example, this article is about how 1.5 C rise in temperature is supposed to be bad with all sorts of "negative impacts", but there's no actual evidence for the claim. Providing solutions to non-problems doesn't help anyone.

        Nor do we have a sane plan for keeping temperature rise below 1.5 C. Note that you won't get the US, China, Russia, or OPEC on board.

    • by swb ( 14022 )

      The language always seems kind of inflammatory, but sometimes I think they have something of a point.

      When calculating risks and outcomes, everybody brings certain biases to the table about what are considered acceptable outcomes, losses and gains. That those biases may be driven by "masculinized rationality" may be taking it a bit far, but the idea that it's not a perfectly bright line threshold and that some tradeoffs may be involved shouldn't be disregarded.

      • What they're trying to say, using the usual feminist sociology over-loquatiousness is:

        For some on the planet, keeping it under 2 degrees will preserve a relatively familiar or at least acceptable quality of life.

        For others on the planet, quality of life can only be preserved by keeping it under, say 1.5 degrees, or even one degree.

        The first group (that can live with a higher threshold) are those in the upper portions of the global economic scale, and it's an acceptable rise for them because they can also af

        • I would not really agree with that. Many very very very rich people live on coast lines. Personally, I think the rich will be over-proportionately targeted by any rise in temperature. Entire well off developed nations would be entirely submerged with a 2 degree increase. With the way the wealth is divided by geography it will be them who lose all their property and the peasants up in mainland who see little change. It will be the entire city of Hong Kong or San Francisco that is underwater while the peasant
          • by amiga3D ( 567632 )

            There will still be beachfront property it'll just be a little farther inland from where it is now.

      • by DarkOx ( 621550 )

        That is is paralysis by analysis. Its trick the intellectually bankrupt resort to when they want to seem insightful or somehow smart.

        Different people are going to tolerate levels of adverse consequences differently is obvious. That goes for the short term and the long term. In the end that fact is inconsequential what matters is what is acceptable for most people or what matters for the people in a position to affect outcomes.

        That fact the 1.2 degrees might destroy the economy of some island group somepl

  • by CanadianMacFan ( 1900244 ) on Sunday March 29, 2015 @02:13PM (#49366107)

    Either 2 degrees or 1.5 it doesn't really matter as we're going to go sailing by both of them and keep on going by a wide margin. We've started to late and done too little to even meet the 2 degree goal. And the commitments that are being proposed for the upcoming summit in France later this year don't look like they are going to be enough.

    • Yep. We could set up a scientific strategy that integrates political, social, environmental, economic and physical sciences in a worldwide approach to generate popular support for fair and wise chosen solutions while attempting manage the benefits and losses to all parties or we could disagree about the number that we won't achieve. The second is much easier.

  • by BoRegardless ( 721219 ) on Sunday March 29, 2015 @02:38PM (#49366215)

    These stories are tiring as there is no chance for "settled science fact" in climate change.

    All of these estimates are based on elaborate math models and yet the Earth's long term climate ON ITS OWN, has swung widely over recorded history.

    And from the geologic history, we know we will again go into another ice age based on the history of the change in the Earth-Sun orbit & precession changes on a regular 110,000 year cycle. And without human intervention, the ice age ends.

    • by itzly ( 3699663 )

      All of these estimates are based on elaborate math models, yet the Earth's long term climate ON ITS OWN, has swung widely over recorded history.

      Natural swings have occurred, but they all have their causes, and scientists run the same models on historic climate events to verify their understanding. Your use of "yet" suggests a contradiction that isn't there.

    • These stories are tiring as there is no chance for "settled science fact" in climate change.

      All of these estimates are based on elaborate math models and yet the Earth's long term climate ON ITS OWN, has swung widely over recorded history.

      And from the geologic history, we know we will again go into another ice age based on the history of the change in the Earth-Sun orbit & precession changes on a regular 110,000 year cycle. And without human intervention, the ice age ends.

      There is no chance of another glacial period occurring until CO2 levels drop well below 300 ppm again.

    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      All of these estimates are based on elaborate math models

      Math models so sophisticated, in fact, that they entirely failed to predict the current global warming hiatus.

  • She's a Geography professor [psu.edu].

    So why would I care about her opinion on global warming, either way?

    • by Trepidity ( 597 ) <[delirium-slashdot] [at] [hackish.org]> on Sunday March 29, 2015 @03:30PM (#49366473)

      The area of geography she studies is how communities/economies are impacted by and adapt to changes in prevailing climates, which seems pretty relevant, depending on what question you're asking. She would be a poor authority on questions like modeling the impact of CO2 on weather, but more within her area if asking questions like, "how easy/difficult would it be for Indonesians to adapt to a 2" ocean-level rise?".

      In terms of the IPCC reports, the research/authorship is divided into three working groups: #1 studies the underlying science; #2 studies impacts & adaptation; #3 studies possible mitigation strategies. She's part of #2.

      • by jfengel ( 409917 )

        (Man, I'm sorry I don't have any mod points today, so you'll have to settle for kudos. Well done.)

      • Except she's not speaking to her area of expertise. Her opinion on what the target should be for limiting temperature rise is not any more relevant than, say, an electrical engineer's or a chemist's.

        If the UN wants to issue authoritative statements about the science, they should have an actual climate scientist in charge.

  • "Only when the last tree has been cut down, the last fish been caught, and the last stream poisoned, will we realize we cannot eat money." (source [quoteinvestigator.com]).

    If AGW is real and the global temperature is to rise unmitigated, the rich (who actually own the planet) will actually start doing something about that only when war comes knocking on their front doors.

    Up until then there will be no tangible changes to prevent further warming of the Earth.

  • From what I've heard scientist in the 80s came up with 1 C before serious changes would kick in. Then some economists decided that the damages could be managed until we reach 2C. So the 2C is an economic goal. Interestingly at ~0.9C we already see permafrost melting and decaying which could leed to some feedback effect that could ultimatley dwarf our contribution. So that article may be overly inconservative with its 1.5C goal.

  • by BCGlorfindel ( 256775 ) <klassenk AT brandonu DOT ca> on Sunday March 29, 2015 @03:31PM (#49366479) Journal

    The basic physics of climate change is that increasing levels of gases trap more energy from the sun, increasing the amount of energy in our atmosphere and climate system. We know by and large, most of the energy is stored in the oceans as water holds energy much better than gases in the air.

    With such a simple observation, I'd like to make the observation that it seems too few of the IPCC guys pushing for policy stuff are paying any attention to the energy budget. Instead, we have the only basis scientifically being that the average surface temperature is warming, and CO2 levels are rising and we are the ones pushing them up. That's all well and good, and they are important observations. About 30 years ago though we started sending up satellites to measure incoming and outgoing radiation. The ERBS and CERES programs from NASA have given us direct measurements of trends in the overall energy balance at the edge of space. The most direct measurement of global warming that we can have. The summary from each program, has let us find a decade level average energy imbalance, and we've found it is in good or at least general agreement with energy levels measured via Ocean Heat Content observations.

    Here's the important bit though. As the IPCC's most recent AR has observed, the satellite measurements show that for the duration of the CERES project, there has been NO TREND in the energy imbalance. The earlier ERBS data showed the same as well. Our satellite measurements have shown significant and very steady trends in energy balance cycling monthly, but the average over the years and decades we've measured is just a steady and consistent average neither shifting noticeably up or down. Meanwhile, CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere over that same time have climbed like nobody's business. All our models and expectation for X degrees of warming for so much CO2 kinda hinges pretty heavy on CO2 pushing up the energy imbalance. If it's not, and observations suggest that. We may not need to be so worried as some of the panic ridden crowd wants.

    Before I get citation needed shoved down my throat, here's a peer reviewed journal [wiley.com] article published in Geophysical Research Letters. It is comparing observed atmosphere energy imbalance to the CMIP5 model runs. It finds good agreement, but also makes the very notable observation that the energy imbalance trend is dominated by volcanic activity(ie NOT the CO2 levels that are higher than they've been in millenia). Full abstract:
    Observational analyses of running 5 year ocean heat content trends (Ht) and net downward top of atmosphere radiation (N) are significantly correlated (r~0.6) from 1960 to 1999, but a spike in Ht in the early 2000s is likely spurious since it is inconsistent with estimates of N from both satellite observations and climate model simulations. Variations in N between 1960 and 2000 were dominated by volcanic eruptions and are well simulated by the ensemble mean of coupled models from the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). We find an observation-based reduction in N of 0.31±0.21Wm2 between 1999 and 2005 that potentially contributed to the recent warming slowdown, but the relative roles of external forcing and internal variability remain unclear. While present-day anomalies of N in the CMIP5 ensemble mean and observations agree, this may be due to a cancelation of errors in outgoing longwave and absorbed solar radiation.

    • This is the good thing about discussing climate science on slashdot (as opposed to most other discussion sites)....people here can actually read studies.
  • by argStyopa ( 232550 ) on Sunday March 29, 2015 @03:34PM (#49366489) Journal

    Of COURSE it isn't sufficient.

    When - ever - has an activist said "yeah, well, what's being done is pretty much good, yeah. I'm happy. I guess I don't have much to be upset about any more"?

    Here's a hint: if there's one thing I can guarantee the climate won't do, is be static.

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) *

      I think you missed the part about objecting to human activity rapidly changing the climate in destructive ways. It's not the mere fact that the climate changes people object to, it's the fact that some of us are doing to to enrich ourselves at the expense of others in the world and in the future.

  • by tsa ( 15680 )

    Reading the reactions I find it amazing how many climate experts there are on slashdot.

  • keeping the Earth's average temperature from rising above 2 degrees Celsius

    s/above/more than/

  • by Jamie McGuigan ( 3609129 ) on Sunday March 29, 2015 @04:47PM (#49366825)
    It is curious that those that tend to see climate change as a urgent problem, tend to advocate cultural solutions, whereas those that see climate change as a less urgent problem tend to advocate technological solutions. The irony being that technological solutions are generally reasonably quick to invent and implement, whereas cultural solutions often take a human generation or more to take hold. For the all talk of a climate change apocalypse, technology got us into this mess and technology will get us out of it. Also don't underestimate the inventiveness of capitalism, its not very good at solving problems that will affect the next generation, but is highly focused at solving problems that affect us right now and have a direct monetary cost associated with them.

"The vast majority of successful major crimes against property are perpetrated by individuals abusing positions of trust." -- Lawrence Dalzell

Working...