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People Ignore Software Security Warnings Up To 90% of the Time, Says Study (phys.org) 125

Posted by BeauHD from the check-for-viruses dept.
An anonymous reader quotes a report from Phys.Org: A new study from BYU, in collaboration with Google Chrome engineers, finds the status quo of warning messages appearing haphazardly -- while people are typing, watching a video, uploading files, etc. -- results in up to 90 percent of users disregarding them. Researchers found these times are less effective because of "dual task interference," a neural limitation where even simple tasks can't be simultaneously performed without significant performance loss. Or, in human terms, multitasking. For example, 74 percent of people in the study ignored security messages that popped up while they were on the way to close a web page window. Another 79 percent ignored the messages if they were watching a video. And a whopping 87 percent disregarded the messages while they were transferring information, in this case, a confirmation code. For example, Jenkins, Vance and BYU colleagues Bonnie Anderson and Brock Kirwan found that people pay the most attention to security messages when they pop up in lower dual task times such as: after watching a video, waiting for a page to load, or after interacting with a website. For part of the study, researchers had participants complete computer tasks while an fMRI scanner measured their brain activity. The experiment showed neural activity was substantially reduced when security messages interrupted a task, as compared to when a user responded to the security message itself. The BYU researchers used the functional MRI data as they collaborated with a team of Google Chrome security engineers to identify better times to display security messages during the browsing experience.
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People Ignore Software Security Warnings Up To 90% of the Time, Says Study More

People Ignore Software Security Warnings Up To 90% of the Time, Says Study

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  • Do they really ignore them? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday August 17, 2016 @10:44PM (#52723391)

    I get various security errors/warnings occasionally. Usually they are informing me that security that I did not care about is not present. For example, a warning about a self signed cert on a website that I wouldn't mind using over plain text: that still more secure than plain old http, so I click off the warning. If it is a site that I normally trust and give personal information to (like log in), I don't mind using it when the security is broken, but I won't hand over private data. Continuing despite a warning is not necessarily ignoring it.

    • Re: (Score:3)

      by Z00L00K ( 682162 )

      I agree - and when I get a security warning for my own stuff signed with a self-signed certificate I also happily skip it.

      The problem with security warnings is that they are too clunky.

      • Re:Do they really ignore them? (Score:4, Interesting)

        by ruir ( 2709173 ) on Thursday August 18, 2016 @04:59AM (#52724131)
        It is far more serious than being clunky...many are unnecessarily intrusive. Why should a warning steal the keyboard focus, specially while I am using it? Why could it not be a floating warning only? If some non fatal errors where not seen by the user as a nuisance to be dealt with, maybe more "brain power" could go into processing them?
    • Oh, so you're manually inspecting the self signed certificate every time you visit your website? If not, then how do you know nobody is intercepting your communication, making your self signed certificate as useless as having no encryption at all. What you should do is add your known self signed certificate to your local certificate store, which means that the warnings will stop, unless there is an actual attack or change in configuration which you absolutely do want to be warned about.

      • Oh, so you're manually inspecting the self signed certificate every time you visit your website? If not, then how do you know nobody is intercepting your communication, making your self signed certificate as useless as having no encryption at all.

        99% of times when I get a signed certificate error, it's to a site where I don't care if it's encrypted. In the 1% of remaining cases, I do look at it and it's usually something like a slightly different domain owned by the same company, a company that forgot to renew their certificate, or some other mundane issue.

      • If not, then how do you know nobody is intercepting your communication, making your self signed certificate as useless as having no encryption at all.

        It's because I don't give a fuck if someone sees my ridiculously banal "communication" with some model railroading site or the data that goes back and forth while I research shit like piano hinges or crosscut saw blades.

        For more sensitive stuff, no, but for crap like that I just can't be bothered to give a fuck.

      • Re: (Score:3)

        by Sloppy ( 14984 )

        Oh, so you're manually inspecting the self signed certificate every time you visit your website? If not, then how do you know nobody is intercepting your communication, making your self signed certificate as useless as having no encryption at all.

        No, and he didn't imply that. Here are several situations, in increasing order of security.

        1) The connection is not encrypted or signed. No certs exist. Nobody knows who they're talking to. An active attacker on the network between the two parties, can proxy and im

        • You're not wrong, the way that the UI works and how users use it is a big issue. SSL only provides a way for you to absolutely determine you're talking to a particular party, or that a party who you already trust has supposedly vetted that the party you are talking to, is the party you think it is. And I agree the issue with the green bar is that it just means that things "seem legit", but unless users understand how to inspect certificates for themselves, it's not actually much use. As we can't realistica

      • If nothing else, a self-signed certificate presents a smaller attack surface, and it's a single point of verification if I do care about secure communications.

    • Re:Do they really ignore them? (Score:4, Insightful)

      by Mr D from 63 ( 3395377 ) on Thursday August 18, 2016 @07:10AM (#52724409)
      This says they ignore the warning 90% of the time, but the article says 90% of users ignore some warnings. Those are two different things. If you craft a study to show warnings that resemble the types of pop-ups crafted to look like warnings that we condition ourselves to ignore, the result is not surprising. If they are on a computer they are familiar with, and the warnings come from their known anti-virus software, the result would likely be different. Basically, people don't trust what they are unfamiliar with.

    • The reduced neural activity (when warnings interrupted a task) indicates they are ignoring/dismissing the warning rather than assessing it and deeming it unreasonable.

      If they were giving it consideration like you do, there would be roughly equal activity regardless of whether it interrupted their activity.

      Along those lines, if that's what you normally do then you are not a typical user.

      • There's classes of warnings I deliberately ignore for considered reasons. If I think running something is safe, I just click through UAC warnings without further thought.

    • Re: (Score:2)

      by k6mfw ( 1182893 )
      Of course I ignore it, I forwarded the article to a friend and up pops a message, "Chrome has detected unusual behavior" (crap, I and friend ain't using Chrome!)

  • Software Security Warnings: (Score:5, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday August 17, 2016 @10:51PM (#52723407)

    The "Check Engine Light" of the computer world.

  • That's an easy one. (Score:5, Funny)

    by EzInKy ( 115248 ) on Wednesday August 17, 2016 @10:55PM (#52723423)

    There are just way too many of them and they are simply too hard for a normal user to evaluate whether the risk is truly severe or just another attempt of somebody to fleece them.

    Health care example:

    Monitor shows the patient is in asystole. On assessment the patient is alert, talking, and in no apparent distress. Diagnosis is it is the equipment, not the patient, who disturbed the night's routine. Outcome? You lecture the patient for exceeding the devices operating parameters and tell him/her to quit moving and perspiring so that the monitoring devices may correctly interpret typical human norms.

    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by DNS-and-BIND ( 461968 )
      You laugh, but damn that is shockingly accurate. "Change your behavior so the software works right" used to be absurd, but today it is apparently the default response from support. Remember Apple's "you're holding it wrong" debacle?

      • "You're holding it wrong" has nothing to do with "change your behavior so the software works right". The reference was to holding the iPhone so that the hardware worked right. As far as I could tell, while the design was dumb, the issue was not as serious as the press made it out to be, and it is true that some other phones will have problems if you hold them in certain ways.

        When I got into the field, more than forty years ago, software was normally written on spec for specific organizations. Where I

    • There are just way too many of them and they are simply too hard for a normal user to evaluate whether the risk is truly severe or just another attempt of somebody to fleece them.

      This. Most users just click thru popups. The almost always just click "OK". If you want them to actually read the message then maybe "OK" should default to turning off the computer. Even adults do this but for kids it's even worse. Adults will typically pause if there is a dollar sign somewhere. Kids will happily click along and click buy on inapp purchases, etc... if it means they can get back to their game.

    • There are just way too many of them

      And some of them are fake. There are a lot of ads and malware that mimic a security alert in some way, which only trains users to ignore them faster.

      Also, not only do users not know how to evaluate the risk, they don't know how to fix the problem. If an alert pops up and says, "You may have a virus", the user can't tell if that's a scam, a false alarm, or a real problem. Regardless of whether it's real, false, or fraudulent, they don't have any idea what to do about it.

  • It's because 90% of security warnings are rubbish (Score:5, Insightful)

    by El Cubano ( 631386 ) on Wednesday August 17, 2016 @11:16PM (#52723477)

    In my experience, 90% of security warnings are rubbish. For example, I recall when UAC came to Windows Vista. I don't ever recall clicking deny/cancel/no (or whatever it was) with the possible exception of a situation like "oops, I meant to click the executable right next to that one."

    Same deal with Java applets. My bank uses a Java applet for depositing checks. I get a warning from the browser every single time, despite selecting the "always trust applets from this publisher" (or something like that option).

    Of course, there are lots of software packages with instructions like "Step 1: Disable your antivirus." or, worse, "Step 1: If you get any security warning dialogs just click to accept them."

    In fact, I've never encountered a single person who can actually point to an occasion where a security dialog alerted them to a real threat that was then neutralized. Even worse, one of the more common warnings (the untrusted SSL certificate/issuer) has confused people even more into thinking that "red address bar means not secure and green lock means secure", when in fact your browser's trust of the certificate's issuer has exactly zero impact on how secure the connection is. We've been conditioned to treat all these warnings as noise. Incidentally, people ignore speed limit signs at least 90% of the time for exactly the same reason: we've been taught that they're meaningless.

    • Re: (Score:3)

      by NotAPK ( 4529127 )

      I use Sandboxie [sandboxie.com] a lot for software evaluation purposes. However, when I right click an executable and want to choose "Run Sandboxed" that entry is right next to the "Run as Administrator" menu item. Late at night it's easy to click the wrong one, with potentially disastrous* consequences! The UAC prompt saved me a couple of times.

      Since then I've found moving to virtual machines with snapshots has been an easier and safer way for testing unknown software.

      *Time vs time. Everything is backed up and best practi

    • Re: (Score:1)

      by Anonymous Coward

      Take your "browser's trust of the certificate's issuer has exactly zero impact on how secure the connection is". That feels pretty true to you, right? Except, if the browser doesn't trust the certificate issuer the connection isn't "secure" in any meaningful way.

      Imagine if your local bank has a great new scheme they'll keep your valuables 100% secure. They have a steel bank vault, with armed guards and you can keep your stuff in it entirely free of charge. Brilliant right? And it's also really convenient, y

    • Even worse, one of the more common warnings (the untrusted SSL certificate/issuer) has confused people even more into thinking that "red address bar means not secure and green lock means secure", when in fact your browser's trust of the certificate's issuer has exactly zero impact on how secure the connection is.

      So umm... how else would one... you know....um...ah... be able to tell how secure the connection actually is? Are they supposed to guess? Check to see if the evil bit is set? What do you recommend?

    • Re: (Score:3)

      by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      UAC was actually designed to be bad. Microsoft wanted to change developer's behaviour, stop them making every app install a background task that starts at boot, dumping files all over the place and generally behaving badly. But at the same time they didn't want to break backwards compatibility, so UAC was invented.

      UAC annoys the user. Developers try to avoid creating UAC prompts that annoy their customers. By the time Windows 7 rolls around, most apps are better behaved. Unfortunately, people are also de-se

    • For example, I recall when UAC came to Windows Vista.

      The UAC prompt isn't a warning in the typical sense. It is a request for elevated privileges. The system must receive a response to determine whether or not the process is granted those privileges. The warning text is supposed to discourage users, but the prompt is necessary because the process will not be granted those privileges in the absence of user consent.

      I get a warning from the browser every single time, despite selecting the "always trust applets from this publisher" (or something like that option).

      Agree here. Either the browser is stupid, or the publisher is stupidly using different certificates every time.

      Of course, there are lots of software packages with instructions like

      They are working around false positiv

  • Running wrong OS, get a security warning. Running on the wrong hardware, get a security warning. It's no wonder most users see security warnings as overblown BS.

  • It's because you can't right now. (Score:4, Insightful)

    by thedarb ( 181754 ) on Wednesday August 17, 2016 @11:59PM (#52723561)

    You have your documents up, half written, spread sheets with data you need for on-call, a long running backup in a window you forgot to run in Screen or tmux, and any other number of things that mean you can't reboot right now. Especially if it's going to be a reboot that says "don't turn off your computer, we're messing with shit for 30 minutes." We have boss' breathing down our necks for productivity, there's no time to reboot and wait.

    Besides, it might make me lose my place when browsing imgur. Fuck that! :)

  • "Hey, watch this!" (Score:5, Informative)

    by PopeRatzo ( 965947 ) on Thursday August 18, 2016 @12:09AM (#52723591) Journal

    People ignore all sorts of warnings. It's how we do. There are still people smoking when every single pack of cigarettes they buy has a big sign that says, "These motherfuckers will kill you dead, dummy, and in a really horrible way". What was the last time anyone "closed cover before striking"? A Texas man sees a sign that says, "No Swimming - Alligators." He immediately says, "Man, fuck that alligator", jumps in the water and is instantly eaten by an alligator.

    http://www.unilad.co.uk/video/... [unilad.co.uk]

    Chinese-made fireworks have a big-ass label (in English) that says, "Set on ground, light fuse and GET AWAY". Did that stop this guy from putting one in his pants and then blowing himself up? No sir, it did not. Because for human beings, warnings are really just dares.

    https://youtu.be/8Yagjf5B2tw [youtu.be]

    • Ask any IT security folks what the biggest threat is to security.

      They'll tell you, "The loose nut behind the keyboard!".

      Hmm . . . maybe MTV could film a series titled, "Computer Jackass" . . . ? All the IT support folks that I've talked to privately have hilariously stories of people doing . . . well, stuff that they should have enough common sense not to do:

      "I couldn't find the shutdown button, so I just pulled the power plug."

      • Re: (Score:2)

        by Entrope ( 68843 )

        Computers would be so secure if people just didn't try to use them!

        It's silly to blame security problems on the fact that people are involved. Developers and admins blame users when those developers and admins can't be bothered to design (or deploy) practices and procedures that address the blind spots and habits that users pick up when they use a system.

        • Developers and admins blame users when those developers and admins can't be bothered to design (or deploy) practices and procedures that address the blind spots and habits that users pick up when they use a system.

          For a few years, this was exactly my job.

          The end result is always users bitching to management, and then management has to decide between what their favorite employees say and what IT says. In the absence of an intelligible business need for security, the users win.

          I have seen IT security guys win most often in the finance, healthcare, and defense industries. Outside of those three, no one else cares.

          So don't blame developers or admins. Developers put the security infrastructure there, and admins configured

    • A Texas man sees a sign that says, "No Swimming - Alligators." He immediately says, "Man, fuck that alligator", jumps in the water and is instantly eaten by an alligator.

      Surprising that it wasn't a Florida man.

  • Software ignores customer security all of time (Score:3)

    by Bob_Who ( 926234 ) on Thursday August 18, 2016 @12:38AM (#52723655) Journal

    Warnings. Its a gimmick in social engineering, really. If we ignore our own security ever, then we can't blame the software for selling us short. It's more of a marketing gimmick and liability issue for the software vendors. They can't possibly save us from ourselves. They can manage to let us fool ourselves if that's our preferred frame of mind. Honestly, we always knew we are not in control, but like a fatal car crash, we just figured it only happened to somebody else. Welcome to denial, its all the rave - everybody is doing it.

  • We all have a little Hillary in us ;-)

  • This program has successfully erased your bootable hard drive. Erase another?
    [ OK ]

    Why do I have to click 'OK' to every disastrous pop-up warning on my screen?

    It's NOT OK!

    I'm not allowed to click GODDAMMIT or WTF, I have to click OK or forever look at the stupid dialog box. This box appears only at times of greatest inconvenience and always cheerfully asks for an 'OK'. I'm not usually feeling cheerful after these fatal crashes and I'm reluctant to say OK. Whoever designed the OK dialog for unpleasant events

    • Maybe it is because not everybody enjoys profanity as much as you do? Could you think of anything that could be on that button and still be culturally neutral, recognisable, and not offensive?

    • I remember, long ago, a German Shareware product, which had a dialogue box like this

      %<----------

      Something really bad has happened

      [ ] OK

      [ ] Oh, Shit

      %<-----------

      I always clicked the second button. I don't suppose it made a lot of difference to what happened, but it definitely demonstrated great UI design skills.

      Is the lameness filter there to demonstrate lameness?

  • Browsing the net, endless meaningless things pop up with absolutely no relevance to the user. We get really good at clicking unwanted junk off the screen. Result, what's the first instinct? Lunge to get rid of that distraction. No matter how locked down one's browser is, some message frequently interferes, and we become very well trained to set the distraction aside. Every once in a long while, the distraction has value. Or, had, before I killed it and then wondered if maybe I was a bit hasty.

    • Re: (Score:2)

      by jeti ( 105266 )
      I really hate warnings about self-signed certificates or unsigned embedded content. Browsers make these sites look less secure than unsigned ones.

  • And even worse the cretins at Microsoft took out the functionality from Windows 7 and above that allowed you to stop popups staling focus.

    Every single week at work I end up clicking an unknown button on a prompt because I'll be in the middle of typing something and a dialogue will pop up, steal focus, and whatever keystrokes I'm doing at the time ends up clicking a button on a prompt I don't even get a chance to read as by the time I notice it's stolen focus I've already typed ahead causing me to inadverten

  • Trainer to be so (Score:3)

    by Rande ( 255599 ) on Thursday August 18, 2016 @02:43AM (#52723877) Homepage

    The slightly less than average user can't (easily) tell the difference between a valid security message and a browser popup claiming that something dire will happen unless they click on this message and run this program, so they ignore them all.
    Just last night I had to tell my mother that the browser complaining about being out of date and to upgrade was probably valid.

    Also in the same call, had to try and reassure her that smart meters weren't going to burst into flame and/or make her sick with the power of wireless electromagnetic radiation. ...and she still decided not to get one because of all the random people on the internet claiming they were evil. "But this guy is a M.D. from England! He's got to know all about it right?"

  • This means all we need to do is to give the user 10 warnings and statistically they'll pay attention.

  • Developers are at fault (Score:5, Insightful)

    by mvdwege ( 243851 ) <mvdwege@mail.com> on Thursday August 18, 2016 @03:02AM (#52723925) Homepage Journal

    This is all the developers' fault. They are so fucking lazy that they think throwing up a dialog is a solution to the problem. After all, if the user clicks on it, they assented, right?

    Microsoft is by far the worst offender, but they are not alone. And this abdication of responsibility by programmers has trained the users to just blindly click away warnings. And they are right: 99% of the time they are bullshit, a symptom of a problem the developers should have fixed.

    • 99% of the time they are bullshit

      So are seatbelts.

      But perhaps you can enlighten us with examples of 'problems the developers should have fixed'?

      • Re: (Score:2)

        by mvdwege ( 243851 )

        How about not executing files from the Internet, instead of throwing up a 'this may be dangerous, are you sure' dialog?

        For fuck's sake, where have you been the past thirty years?

        • That is a counterexample.

          What you propose would be superannoying, namely having to take an extra step to go to the downloads folder and then run the file. At that point the OS doesn't even know that it was a file just downloaded from the internet which would make showing a warning dialog at that point even more annoying as it would have to do so for every executable, always.

          Also, please keep your ad hominems to yourself.

          • What you propose would be superannoying, namely having to take an extra step to go to the downloads folder and then run the file. At that point the OS doesn't even know that it was a file just downloaded from the internet which would make showing a warning dialog at that point even more annoying as it would have to do so for every executable, always.

            The OSs I'm familiar with can in many cases retain a "this was downloaded" tag of some sort. Certainly there's a warning message in OSX the first time you run a new app; I dunno how WIndows7 tags files downloaded from some places (Sharepoint) but not others (Outlook), but I do get warnings about "This Word document came from THE INTERNET [wtf that means]..." .

          • Re: (Score:2)

            by mvdwege ( 243851 )

            If you are too stupid to know what an expression means, you should not use it. The rest of your post is of the same level, so fuck off, idiot.

            • I can see you're much better at swearing than at reasoning or even basic civility.

              You waste my time.
              Goodbye.

    • Re: (Score:2)

      by pla ( 258480 )
      You have it both 100% correct, but completely wrong.

      Yes, as a dev, I choose to pop up a mostly useless dialog asking the user how to proceed when something seems amiss. I know for a fact that the users almost never actually read them, because when I get a call and ask them what the error said, they invariable need to go try to reproduce the error - And I make a point of writing human-readable error messages like "Your file vanished after I saved it, Dave", nothing like "Error 102, sprongle interface not
  • "People Ignore Software Security Warnings Up To 90% of the Time*"
    - *Study has a 10% margin for error...

    (I'm joking but.. you know).

  • I've lost count of the number of times something popped up while I'm typing, just as I'm about to press the Enter or ESC keys, leaving me wondering what I just broke or signed up to.

    In Windows 10, non-critical messages are signaled in the status bar. A flashing icon could be less destructive than an easily-dismissed dialog.

  • Missing some context (Score:3)

    by MistrX ( 1566617 ) on Thursday August 18, 2016 @04:22AM (#52724061)

    What was the security warning about? And what was required of me?
    To me this is kind of the important part in combination with this: "when security messages interrupted a task". As I have learned from my parents, you don't go haphazardly interrupting people with some kind of nonsense. If you do, you can expect to be ignored or be told off. If a security warning is about to inform me that a scheduled scan will start in an hour, or a patch will be downloaded. I'll ignore it. It doesn't require my attention at this time and I was busy with something. It interrupted me with nonsense so it's annoying me and I clicked it away. Another point of contention is if the message requires me to do something like restarting the system. If I'm in the process of doing something that needs up time (be it from watching a video, to copying files), I will complete that task first. Task prioritization is key here and interrupting me is again, annoying. Even if it does want me to do something.

    So yeah, I get where these figures come from. Not at all astounding to me.

  • Notice the world hasn't ended despite people ignoring security warnings. They were unnecessary. People tend to ignore spam.

  • Ignoring messages (read: popups) "when going to close a web page"? Of course I'm going to ignore those--I don't think I've ever seen a legitimate security warning when I was trying to close a page, but I have seen a lot of sleazy attempts to prevent me from leaving someone's web site. What action is it that I'm performing by closing the web page that I might be making a mistake with? What alternative path is being suggested to me there, just leave the page up forever?

    In the other direction, paying attent

  • This has nothing to do with "dual task interference", it comes from "I just want the damned thing to work".

    So my browser tells me something-something-Flash-something, do I really want to watch that YouTube video? That question has only one possible answer: "Kittens". No one, ever, not even the most paranoid of security researchers, has ever intentionally said "no, never mind, I don't really need to see kittens, thanks for the warning, Firefox!".

    The real problem here (if any) comes from too damned much

  • Another completely obvious fact which somehow industry has overlooked.

    How would this be?

    Well, let's see: each person's career depends on making his boss feel good and not rocking the boat. So the programmer does what he is told, chuckling about how stupid it is every day. His boss does what the committee says is right, shrugging off his frustration. The committee does whatever it can achieve agreement on among its members, while being "safe" because committees are ruled by fear. Its members are doing what t

  • TFA has results for when it's the best time to throw up a security alert - but these times can also be used by advertisers to display ads
  • Because logically it also means at little as 0%. It means fuck all. Let's stop encouraging advertisers to talk this shit. ;) Sex Panther is the one exception.
  • In 2016 it's essentially impossible to 'secure' a computer anyway, even if it's not connected to the Internet and never was in the first place. Malware, spyware, trojans, rootkits, virii, zero-day exploits are everywhere, including methods of electromagnetically or even accoustically observing a computer in operation from a distance and determining what's being done on it -- and of course if you connect to the Internet, having every single packet sniffed, sifted, and sorted to produce a personal profile of

  • For instance, I freeze certain apps on my phone and unfreeze them only when I want to use them (games, etc) because updates cause the Wool and Placation Affect (call it WPA if you want):

    Wool = pulling the wool over consumers' eyes with the new "SECURITY ALERT OMG OMG" version update that suddenly may 1) not have a security issue and adds other "features" like ads, lockouts of old free features, new pay-teaser features, etc, or 2) has a real security issue but bundles 1)'s items in.

    Placation = Tries to add a

  • Seems to me all these are all "computer security has expired! click here to update [and pay money]."

    However, multiple warnings lead to "alarm fatigue" i.e. part of a situation that caused a B1 in flight test to crash. Lots of warning lights for low/moderate stuff, crew acknowledge the alarms and proceed on. Then comes CG warning but they didn't pay much attention to it, until the aircraft tilts and stalls. from http://www.nasa.gov/connect/eb... [nasa.gov]

  • TLS certificate not trusted.

    Most the time this is IMPORTANT.
    But too often, it just tells me "somebody did not setup the right CA certificates for you".

    And try to root your nexus phone. On every boot you get a "This device is inscure, read more at goo.gl/blablub" warning, because i have an unlocked bootloader.
    Fuck you, i choose to have one. Please notice me, when something actually replaced something without my command.

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