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From 1999 To 2016, America Lost 11.4 Million People From the Workforce (washingtonpost.com) 159

Andrew Van Dam, writing for the Washington Post: Where did all the jobs go? Well, we're finally starting to find some satisfactory answers to the granddaddy of all economic questions. The share of Americans with jobs dropped 4.5 percentage points from 1999 to 2016 -- amounting to about 11.4 million fewer workers in 2016. At least half of that decline probably was due to an aging population. Explaining the remainder has been the inspiration for much of the economic research published after the Great Recession.
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From 1999 To 2016, America Lost 11.4 Million People From the Workforce

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  • One word: (Score:2, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward
    Disability
    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      What, increasing the obesity rate of the population by 33% has side effects?

    • Re:One word: (Score:4, Interesting)

      by edi_guy ( 2225738 ) on Friday February 23, 2018 @04:38PM (#56178493)
      The AC means SSI and is likely correct. All the welfare reform that Bill Clinton and Newt Gingrich patted themselves on the back for, just got transferred to a different department...Social Security disability.

      Newt, Bill, and their cronies didn't care that the money was still being spent, they just checked the box with their 'base' and went on, enjoying the very, very, shortlived economic cycle that gave them breathing room.

      Effing Republicans are lying sacks of crap when it comes to budgets. They will happily roll over for any corporate interest to explode the deficit/debt while still crying about PBS and the EPA. See for instance Dubya and Medicare Part D, an entitlement which has cost $727.3 billion and counting. Look at Trump who is doubling and tripling down on the disaster that was the Obama budget. More planes, more bombs, more ships (for Lockeed/Northrup/Boeing) more infrastructure for cronies.

      • Look at Trump who is doubling and tripling down on the disaster that was the Obama budget.

        CONGRESS PASSES BUDGETS NOT THE PRESIDENT.

  • Automation (Score:5, Insightful)

    by lgw ( 121541 ) on Friday February 23, 2018 @03:05PM (#56177787) Journal

    Where did the jobs go? It's hardly a mystery: automation.

    The real question is, why is it so hard for displaced workers to train for better jobs - skilled trades and skilled manufacturing are very hungry for workers right now. The labor demand is there, what's up with the supply?

    America is shockingly bad at adult vocational training? Where are the public schools for this? Where's the corporate participation? Companies don't want to (pay to) train people because they'll just jump to another company once trained, but that's a solvable problem, and companies really need to be involved in the training.

    We have scam votech schools that charge a lot, and make empty promises of jobs. We need votech schools directly entwined with employers so that if you pas the class, you get the job, and you only worry about the cost if you change jobs soon after.

    • Re:Automation (Score:5, Insightful)

      by E-Rock ( 84950 ) on Friday February 23, 2018 @03:26PM (#56177951) Homepage

      It's so obvious that people who track this stuff for a living aren't sure.

      I'm not saying you're wrong, but do you have any data, or just your gut?

      Where I work zero jobs were lost to automation. All of our cut jobs just had their duties dumped on someone else, who in 2009 was just happy to still have a job. Unfortunately after a decade, the company, and some employees, have forgotten that what they do used to be three jobs.

      • by XXongo ( 3986865 )

        Where did the jobs go? It's hardly a mystery: automation.

        It's so obvious that people who track this stuff for a living aren't sure.

        From the abstract cited [nber.org]: "Our review of the evidence leads us to conclude that labor demand factors, in particular trade and the penetration of robots into the labor market, are the most important drivers of observed within-group declines in employment. "

        I'm not saying you're wrong, but do you have any data, or just your gut?

        You mean, other than what was in the article being discussed? The first one is annoyingly paywalled, but the WP article linked in the summary [washingtonpost.com] isn't:

        " Robots:
        Automation also seems to have cost more jobs than it created. Guided by research showing that eac

        • by E-Rock ( 84950 )

          Not automation, just more work. No new tools, no new 'bots. We do 'more with less' with usually just ends up being you decide what isn't critical and that part doesn't happen. Training and documentation are the usual victims, which just makes a disaster in the future.

        • Where i work those jobs lost in 2009 were not replaced, nor were they shuffled onto someone else. We eliminated departments, functions, and nearly 2 layers of management. And so far they have not grown back. We still cut.

      • You said it most succinctly, E-Rock, excepting I would state that plenty of jobs are continuously offshored, while plenty of foreign visa replacement workers are continuously brought in to replace American workers.
    • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

      by Anonymous Coward

      The answer is hardly as simple as automation alone. Many people are leaving the workforce altogether because they are able to live off of welfare (directly or indirectly), lack a proper education, or have any sort of criminal history which bars them from any sort of job, among other things. The book Men Without Work by Nicholas Eberstadt shows this and other cases as the reason for why 1/5th of men in the US today are not involved in the workforce whatsoever.

      Many jobs are also outsourced to third-world coun

    • A portion of the people automated out of their job simply don't have the neurons to support anything more complex, no matter how much education and training they're exposed to. The low complexity allowing early automation is why they were in the positions to begin with.

      I'd guess the fraction that permanently phased out of the work force is similar to that which cannot be educated further.

      • by lgw ( 121541 )

        What you say is true, but that's a much harder problem. In the mean time, there are plenty of people who are smart enough to retrain, and we have a growing economy, but we completely dropped the ball on connecting those two.

    • The jobs didn't go to Automation so quickly. When there is a downturn in the economy, companies learn to tighten their belts and get rid of a lot of extra weight. As they move from a growth strategy to a survival strategy. This caused the companies to become very efficient, and as the economy rebounded these efficiencies are still in place. So they are hiring again back to a growth strategy, they are not hiring the same people anymore, as the dynamics have changed.

      I agree that vocational training is a k

      • and the trade / tech schools do not need degrees but they where roped into the that system.
        So we get some Vocational that get's padded out to 2-4 years with high cost and an degree that does not transfer to the full college system.
        Also other Vocational things that end up being nice but not an degree.

        Now what do we want some who went 2 4 years of college + 1-2 years of tech schools who is 80-150K in the hole?

      • by lgw ( 121541 )

        When going to school I got the impression that the kids taking vocational classes, were doing so because they were stupid. The teachers never directly stated that, but it was implied and we caught onto that. Warning to students if they want to be ditch diggers if they don't do better on the test, etc....

        The punchline is that if you compare the lifetime earnings of a plumber and a dentist, the dentist doesn't pull ahead until around 40 (net of education costs). And if the plumber owns a small plumbing business (a "two truck shop"), just as the dentist must to be successful, the dentist may never pull ahead.

        Vocational training really should be expanded for a lot of jobs even into more white collar "Smart People" jobs like Coding.

        I couldn't agree more, though it would be a very different sort of school as there's a lot of abstract stuff to master, and you need reasonable written communications skills in English as well. But I do

    • You remind me of this crackhead I did a job for several years back who believed the entire employment problem with America was that everyone wasn't trained in Computer Science --- except all those douchetards like him and yourself, simply don't appear to EVER FRIGGGING READ anything current, such as the extraordinary number of engineering, programming and other professional-level tech jobs which have been continuously offshored since Jack Welch went apeshit at GE back in the mid-1980s.
      • by lgw ( 121541 )

        What does that have to do with someone becoming a plumber, or doing skilled manufacturing?

    • The labor demand is there, what's up with the supply?

      The demand isn't there.

      Employers have almost eliminated hiring of entry-level workers in the belief that they take too much time from the more senior workers. Then employers complain about "not being able to find employees" are talking about people with multiple years of experience.

      A long time ago, some companies would get desperate enough to hire entry-level people, allowing them to get those 3 years on the resume. Those workers could then move up the ladder, and other new entry-level workers filled their

      • by lgw ( 121541 )

        You seem to be talking about tech. I was talking about plumbers, welders, skilled manufacturing workers, etc. Not gonna outsource those jobs to India.

        • Those are being hurt by automation and technology.

          For example, CNC machines cut down on skilled manufacturing jobs. Advances in plumbing tech means you need fewer plumbers to do the same work (ie. PEX is faster to install than copper). And so on.

          • by lgw ( 121541 )

            The skilled trades are starving for workers in the US right now. Skilled manufacturing is starving for workers in the US right now. Efficiency doesn't always displace people, if the demand remains unsaturated.

    • Where did the jobs go? It's hardly a mystery: automation.

      While automation played a role, outsourcing played an even bigger role. Media doublespeak blames automation and tries to ignore or play down the impact of trade and claims that only ~13% of the job losses are due to trade (mostly China). If that were true then we're to believe that a mere 13% of US manufacturing is single handedly powering China. The math doesn't add up for that to be accurate.

      The middle class is shrinking due to a combination of mass legal immigration, mass illegal immigration, trade p

      • by lgw ( 121541 )

        Unskilled manufacturing had entirely gone to China etc. by the 90s. It has nothing to do with the wage stagnation in this century. Heck, those jobs have been leaving China this century, mostly because robots finally got cheaper.

        Mass immigration doesn't help, but if you can do skilled work you're not really competing with the tide of migrant agricultural workers.

        Unskilled and semi-skilled jobs are slowly going away, and never coming back. Some people just aren't smart enough to do skilled labor, and that'

        • Unskilled manufacturing had entirely gone to China etc. by the 90s. It has nothing to do with the wage stagnation in this century.

          Are you suggesting that supply and demand does not in fact apply? When you move a large chunk of stuff offshore the remaining people then are in competition for what remains. This lowers wages for everyone, even if they don't start off in your field some of them will re-train and enter your field.

          Mass immigration doesn't help, but if you can do skilled work you're not really competing with the tide of migrant agricultural workers.

          Which is why H1B visas and the like exist, to bring down wages for more than just unskilled labor. Still part of mass immigration, just the legal variety, and still screwing over US workers. Perhaps you recall

          • by lgw ( 121541 )

            Are you suggesting that supply and demand does not in fact apply?

            I'm suggesting you're fighting the last war - last century's war. Those jobs that "went to China" are, for the most part, no longer in China. This century the jobs are "lost to robots", and that genie isn't going back in the bottle. As the man said: it's gonna steam engine, come steam engine time.

            Which is why H1B visas and the like exist, to bring down wages for more than just unskilled labor.

            Only if you believe the work can only be done in this country, which clearly isn't the case for IT work - that H1B guy is making a higher salary than he was before, and the work was getting outsourced to him eit

            • by lgw ( 121541 )

              ... should choose a different example. Oddly, the only revolution in the past few centuries I can think of that ended well for the revolutionaries was the one that started with an attempt to confiscate guns from the people - that one's probably an outlier though,. Maybe go with an anti-globalism example instead, like India tossing the British out. Hmm, why do all the good examples involve tossing the British out?

    • Where did the jobs go? It's hardly a mystery: automation.

      The real question is, why is it so hard for displaced workers to train for better jobs - skilled trades and skilled manufacturing are very hungry for workers right now. The labor demand is there, what's up with the supply?

      A lot of it is geography-based structural unemployment. There are more jobs in the big cities than in small town America. The former has been heavily service-oriented (but still with a good % of manufacturing) since the early 1900's, the later have been predominantly manufacturing. Big city has been able to re-absorb people, whereas small town America has not (quite unfortunately obviously.)

      People that need jobs the most are not living where the jobs are. There's been a shift in the geography of jobs (rea

    • Where did the jobs go? It's hardly a mystery: automation.

      That wasn't the question. Where did the workers go? is the question being asked here.

    • This has been actually quite challenging for me to deal with as an employer. Skilled workforce is becoming thinner and thinner. I do provide training and I don't care if they jump ship.

      More companies need to offer training and educational support for their employees or it's going to get worse, for all of us. I've also resorted to hiring retired people to train others or be kind of a second pair of eyes for others so they can tell them "We've tried that before, it won't work".

      All I hear from other companies

      • What jobs are you trying to recruit for? And more importantly, how much are you willing to pay?

        The problem is that all employers are engaged in a race to the bottom, and every one of them is afraid to stop trying to strip every single cost out of their business. I see this in IT all the time -- regardless of how much more it costs in terms of change orders and lost productivity, businesses are falling all over themselves to offshore their IT departments. The main reason is that all their competitors are doi

    • The real question is, why is it so hard for displaced workers to train for better jobs

      Employers are too picky about requirements. Tech or vocational.

  • right? Supply and demand, right?
    • by hey! ( 33014 )

      Now here's the slightly confusing bit about supply and demand in this context: you, as a worker, are a supplier. So supply and demand actually suggests the opposite effect of what you seem think. If wages were going up in the short term, then more people would enter the labor market.

      That said, supply and demand curves only tell you this in the very short term; if there's an underlying change in the economy then the supply and demand curves shift, which is why market prices change.

      Now to my very rudimentar

      • Now to my very rudimentary Econ 101 level understanding

        The hole in your thinking is a high employment-population ratio is not necessarily a good thing. Because that means there are zero disabled people, zero early-retired people, zero stay-at-home-parents, and so on.

        In the "glory days" of the 1950s, the employment-population ratio was about 54%. So you can have a good economy with a low E-P ratio.

        Also, wages are not a simple line in the real world. My wife is a stay at home parent. If she were to work, she'd increase the employment-population ratio, but mor

        • by hey! ( 33014 )

          I never said it was a good thing. I'm just saying you can't make conclusions about the relationship of wages to labor participation rates.

          Your example makes my point. Back in the 1950s "glory days" stay at home moms were the overwhelming norm. Today about 2/3s of women work as breadwinners. This makes it hard to compare participation rates from the 50s to today.

    • Of course not. The H1B visa cap is going to go up.

    • They are when you need employees. Driver wages have sky rocketed due to the drive shortage, at least in my area. LTL prices exploded because of it. The lack of people is having a huge impact on productivity in a lot places. Doesn't matter if you automated either, as operators and maintenance people for those types of equipment are in huge demand right now, but there are still companies trying to pretend supply and demand doesn't exist and think hiring a high school dropout that doesn't know how to read is s

  • I wonder how this relates to the increase of people relying on social services? I mean, if you are on welfare and you only have shitty options for jobs I really can't blame people for staying on welfare.
    • Re:welfare (Score:5, Interesting)

      by PolygamousRanchKid ( 1290638 ) on Friday February 23, 2018 @03:22PM (#56177915)

      I mean, if you are on welfare and you only have shitty options for jobs I really can't blame people for staying on welfare.

      It's my personal impression, as someone in the Get-Off-My-Lawn age, that there is less stigma about being unemployed these day, as way back when.

      When I was growing up, if someone in my town was unemployed, it was a scandal. But now, after the Dot.Com bust, and the Sub-Prime recession, being unemployed is more of a "Hey, shit happens!" bagatelle.

      During the Sub-Prime recession I saw a spot on CNN reporting that more middle-class folks were applying for Food Stamps . . . something that they would have been embarrassed to do earlier. But folks now figure, "Hey, the government is picking up the tab, and I am entitled to it!"

      • The grad ol attack on social services when 80% of all food stamp and temporary assistance recipients are CHILDREN whose parents are underemployed and/or paid an unsupportable wage. The remaining are almost entirely disabled and elderly.

        I love how people blame the mystical government when congress deliberately set this up with rules that exempted employers from benefit requirements and allowed them to pay unlivable minimum wages. Congress off loaded the expense of all those low skill jobs onto the tax payer

      • When I was growing up, if someone in my town was unemployed, it was a scandal. But now, after the Dot.Com bust, and the Sub-Prime recession, being unemployed is more of a "Hey, shit happens!" bagatelle.

        The fact that there is less stigma also means you hear about people receiving benefits, instead of them trying to hide it.

        Also, keep in mind you can only get "welfare" for 5 years now. And that 5 years covers your entire life. So no, it's not people settling in to live on the dole for the rest of their lives.

      • by mjwx ( 966435 )

        I mean, if you are on welfare and you only have shitty options for jobs I really can't blame people for staying on welfare.

        It's my personal impression, as someone in the Get-Off-My-Lawn age, that there is less stigma about being unemployed these day, as way back when.

        When I was growing up, if someone in my town was unemployed, it was a scandal. But now, after the Dot.Com bust, and the Sub-Prime recession, being unemployed is more of a "Hey, shit happens!" bagatelle.

        During the Sub-Prime recession I saw a spot on CNN reporting that more middle-class folks were applying for Food Stamps . . . something that they would have been embarrassed to do earlier. But folks now figure, "Hey, the government is picking up the tab, and I am entitled to it!"

        I'm not quite in the Get-Orf-My-Land age but back when I was a lad if you were a long term unemployed, it usually meant turning to petty crime. I'm pretty sure it still does.

        Middle class and corporate welfare is costing the US (as well as the UK and Australia) many more times that of unemployment, stud and disability benefits put together.

    • Re:welfare (Score:4, Interesting)

      by jellomizer ( 103300 ) on Friday February 23, 2018 @03:47PM (#56178131)

      The Welfare system unfortunately has so many crazy rules to prevent abuse, that it also creates a system which is difficult to get out.

      • Re:welfare (Score:4, Interesting)

        by liquid_schwartz ( 530085 ) on Friday February 23, 2018 @04:08PM (#56178299)

        The Welfare system unfortunately has so many crazy rules to prevent abuse, that it also creates a system which is difficult to get out.

        The real question is if that's a bug or a feature. Maybe I'm a cynic but I think it's the latter.

  • by bluefoxlucid ( 723572 ) on Friday February 23, 2018 @03:18PM (#56177891) Homepage Journal

    People look at employment and treat it as a measure of poverty. When that doesn't satisfy, they look at things like number of employed and the labor force participation rate. The dialogue goes in the direction of "why isn't everyone working?"

    A comprehensive economic report would include income distribution, standard of living, number in poverty, number receiving aid, percent of GDP of aid disbursed, number homeless, number hungry, number in college, number retired, and so forth.

    With a labor participation rate above 50%, excluding those in college and those in retirement, you've got single-adult households and multi-worker households: men and women are working. Single-adult households suggest labor force participation rate should be higher; whereas multi-worker households suggest wealth (to pay nurses, day cares, and the cost of appliances to do housework, freeing one householder to pursue a career for self-fulfillment) or poverty (to keep the household financially-solvent). Multi-adult, single-worker households tend to suggest wealth as well (non-workers can pursue non-work efforts for self-fulfillment).

    This gets even more-complicated when you realize traditional family values don't describe today's world: not everyone wants kids and, while there are roughly an equal number of men and women, not every two-adult household is a male-female pairing. A single-worker lesbian household is still a woman working and a woman not-working; a single-worker gay male household is a man working and a man not-working. Which is more likely? How far does our workforce currently lean toward male workers and female non-workers? For that matter, how many households are now female-breadwinner households where the man doesn't work?

    Unemployment isn't a flat descriptor of economy.

    • by Anonymous Coward

      I think a lot of us want that 1960 brand American Dream. Work a job, own a house, raise a family.

      That shit is getting so hard to actually do now it may as well stay a dream.

      • by liquid_schwartz ( 530085 ) on Friday February 23, 2018 @04:10PM (#56178319)

        I think a lot of us want that 1960 brand American Dream. Work a job, own a house, raise a family.

        That shit is getting so hard to actually do now it may as well stay a dream.

        I think the hardest part of that dream is finding a woman willing to cook, clean, and be a decent mother and wife. But I'm in CA, maybe it's easier in the midwest.

        • Maybe the hard part is thinking this is still 1950 and women are happy to be household slaves rather than have their own independent lives and careers. If you want such a women you should be spending all your time at evangelical churches.

          • by Anonymous Coward

            It is no unethical thing to want a woman that wants to be a good mother in the same vein that it is not unethical to want a man that isn't an unemployed leech.

    • With a labor participation rate above 50%, excluding those in college and those in retirement

      As an aside, the statistic does not exclude students or people in early retirement. It's all people 15-64. It also includes disabled people who can't work because they are disabled.

      • I thought it included people 16-64, with many people retiring around 70.

        Still, it was more of a theoretical discussion rather than one of our BLS measures and the implications for our economy. The point is unemployment is a trend number that suggests things about our economy, most strongly in the context of its own history; it doesn't magically describe large and complex economic concepts such as poverty.

        Why do we even have poverty, anyway?

  • by Maxo-Texas ( 864189 ) on Friday February 23, 2018 @03:23PM (#56177931)

    And we are only in our 50s.

    Good jobs until one day the job was gone and then they were unhirable.

    We need to stop companies from being the primary source for health care. It pushes them into laying people off and not hiring people over 50.

    I saw this coming when I was 32 and was able to retire at 51 but I doubt I could get more than a minwage job even tho I was a manager of over a dozen developers in multiple countries on multi-billion dollar projects.

    • I saw this coming when I was 32 and was able to retire at 51 but I doubt I could get more than a minwage job even tho I was a manager of over a dozen developers in multiple countries on multi-billion dollar projects.

      There are some surprisingly non-minimum-wage jobs out there, but none of them pay what you used to get paid. I recently interviewed at a camp resort which has a fat wifi network because it hosts big corporate events, and all their positions pay $15/hr or more — even housekeeping.

      • Well, I don't need to work personally. But I know several house husbands and about the same number of suddenly new house wives.

        Employers saying they need workers but not hiring people who are old.

    • by thomn8r ( 635504 )

      It pushes them into laying people off and not hiring people over 50.

      s/50/40/g

  • Impossible to answer (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Comboman ( 895500 ) on Friday February 23, 2018 @03:35PM (#56178003)
    There's so many variables that are poorly tracked. Some people retire willingly at 55; others are still working (willingly or otherwise) at 75. Some people quit temporarily to look after children or aging parents. Some are physically or mentally unable to work. Some go back to school or try to start their own businesses. Some work for cash in the underground economy. Then there's underemployment where people work one (or more) part-time or "gig" jobs when they would rather be working full-time. A single percentage number cannot capture everything that's going on in the workforce.
  • by Anonymous Coward

    It has nothing to do with automation or anything else. The lazy moochers essentially gave those up by demanding living wages to flip burgers or stand at a counter asking "Do you want fries with that". Those jobs are nothing more than a first step for HS students entering into the workforce, not for lazy moochers wanting all the luxuries for doing next to nothing 20 hours a week. Even then they wouldn't be satisfied, take a look at the auto industry and the unions. They forced the big three to relocate

    • by Anonymous Coward

      Ha ha, wow, great parody, you should wear a costume while you do it, applauding above my keyboard.

  • They counted what caused people who had jobs to stop working. It shouldn't surprise anyone that over an almost twenty year time period some jobs disappeared.

    But what I don't see is why more new jobs weren't created and filled by the people who left the workforce.

  • Thank goodness we now have a president who is pulling business, money and opportunity back into our country instead of raising the cost of doing business here to the point that many companies had to move overseas or consider selling out or shutting down. Unemployment down, more jobs created, offshore money is being transferred back to the states, businesses are looking to relocate here. All of this is great for us. Trump does in fact have a magic wand: An understanding of business and economics.
    • by Jhon ( 241832 )

      "All of this is great for us. Trump does in fact have a magic wand: An understanding of business and economics."

      I dont like Trump. I didn't vote for Trump. I just wish people would realize that just because he's at LEAST a narcissistic a-hole and worst a psychotic with poor impulse control (traits which can be a PLUS in business) doesn't mean everything he says or support is instantly wrong.

      There have been some serious "good" to come out of his election. Immigration is now a real dialog, for example.

      The

    • Not sure if Poe's Law applies or not.....

  • Its no coincidence that the tax incentives for outsourcing labor, the lifting of tariffs on businesses manufacturing abroad and wholesale work visa abuse fall nicely into this window.
  • Jobs moved to Mexico or other lower cost country's.

    Disney Animation...Made in South Korea for one.

  • Definitely, most of the decrease in employment is due to automation and aging population. On the automation front, think of how many _thousands_ of clerical workers had to be employed at large corporations in the 1950s. There was a massive corporate "clean out" in the early to mid 1990s, and it has only continued since then. For one of my first IT jobs, I was a contractor for a large life insurer in NYC. Their headquarters took up 2 Manhattan blocks, was filled to capacity a few years before I showed up, an

  • "At least half of that decline probably was due to an aging population."
    Sorry, Kemosabe, but "probably" just don't cut it!!!!!!
    You see, between 1997 to 2007, $23 trillion in securitized debt was sold, and between 2007 to 2009, American households lost $17 trillion in assets, while another $6 trillion was lost overseas - - which had purchased $6 trillion of that $23 trillion in securitized debt --- get it????
    "Probably" not . . .
    The tremendous upsurge in automating jobs out of existence began in 2
  • Does the study control for Baby Boomers who were retiring on schedule or early?

  • by pubwvj ( 1045960 ) on Friday February 23, 2018 @06:14PM (#56179019)

    The counts of employment and unemployment are flawed because there are a lot of jobs they can't see.

    I am self employed. I farm. My job doesn't show up in the rolls of the employed or unemployed because I'm not counted either way.

    My son works with me on our farm. Similarly he does not show up as either unemployed or employed.

    We still pay taxes. We're not on disability. We're not on welfare. We're not retired. We're not unemployed. We are both part of the dark matter jobs that just don't show in the statistics. There are a LOT of these jobs.

  • Early retirement. The FIRE (Financial Independence Retire Early) movement is a very tiny but growing portion of the jobless, People in their 20s, after just a few years of working and observing their seniors, realize just what the next 40+ years gets them. Between laughably little vacation time, wage stagnation, corporate bullshit, and the whole time (which is irreplaceable) for money thing it's no wonder more and more people want to get off the hamster wheel.

    Once I started earning non-trivial passive incom

  • Surely all these people found tech jobs in the booming tech industry after the start of rise of automation? I mean that's what has always been promised: that tons of new jobs and doors will open up for the former secretaries, drivers, grave diggers, etc so long as they get retrained. So surely this is mistaken!
  • Picking 1999 as your start, when the unemployment was at a record all time low (peak of dot-com boom) and comparing to 2016 is like picking a record low and record high price of a mutual fund and calculating an average annual return. In 1999 anyone with a heartbeat could get a job. A 3 or 4 month course in computer programming landed most people a 6 digit salary. Why not show the actual workforce numbers per year from 1990 through today and show a trend, rather than pick a large difference and focus on that

  • Given rampant guest worker fraud and abuse, it shouldn't be a surprise to see a good chunk removed.

Let the machine do the dirty work. -- "Elements of Programming Style", Kernighan and Ritchie

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