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Earth United States Science

Insect 'Apocalypse' in US Driven by 50x Increase in Toxic Pesticides (nationalgeographic.com) 148

America's agricultural landscape is now 48 times more toxic to honeybees, and likely other insects, than it was 25 years ago, almost entirely due to widespread use of so-called neonicotinoid pesticides, according to a new study published this month in the journal PLOS One. From a report: This enormous rise in toxicity matches the sharp declines in bees, butterflies, and other pollinators as well as birds, says co-author Kendra Klein, senior staff scientist at Friends of the Earth US. "This is the second Silent Spring. Neonics are like a new DDT, except they are a thousand times more toxic to bees than DDT was," Klein says in an interview. Using a new tool that measures toxicity to honey bees, the length of time a pesticide remains toxic, and the amount used in a year, Klein and researchers from three other institutions determined that the new generation of pesticides has made agriculture far more toxic to insects. Honey bees are used as a proxy for all insects. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency does the same thing when requiring toxicity data for pesticide registration purposes, she explained.

The study found that neonics accounted for 92 percent of this increased toxicity. Neonics are not only incredibly toxic to honeybees, they can remain toxic for more than 1,000 days in the environment, said Klein. "The good news is that we don't need neonics," she says. "We have four decades of research and evidence that agroecological farming methods can grow our food without decimating pollinators." "It's stunning. This study reveals the buildup of toxic neonics in the environment, which can explain why insect populations have declined," says Steve Holmer of American Bird Conservancy. As insects have declined, the numbers of insect-eating birds have plummeted in recent decades. There's also been a widespread decline in nearly all bird species, Holmer said. "Every bird needs to eat insects at some point in their life cycle."

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Insect 'Apocalypse' in US Driven by 50x Increase in Toxic Pesticides

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  • that's a pretty good advertisement for the efficacy of pesticides - an apocalypse

    • And just think of the profits for the chemical industry... what about the shareholders!!!!

      • by Archtech ( 159117 ) on Tuesday August 13, 2019 @12:34PM (#59083318)

        It reminds me of the legend of King Midas, who asked the god Dionysus that whatever he might touch should be changed into gold. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

        Apparently no philosopher - and he would have made a lousy programmer, too - Midas did not foresee the consequences. Whenever he tried to eat or drink, the food and drink turned to gold as soon as he touched it. Luckily for him, the god took pity on him and, in response to his desperate prayers, told him how to rid himself of the golden touch.

        How much good will their profits do the corporate executives and shareholders when their poisons kill off all our sources of food?

        • Yes, the dependence of modern business on quarterly profit reports and the ability of shareholders to have CEO's removed for not engaging in profiteering is really setting us up for a Midas-moment

          It is really to bad that the American public has allowed itself to propagandized into compliance with this charade

    • The pesticides aren't killing all insects, just some ones the human species and most of our crops are highly dependent on, pollinators. This is the reason Europe banned them.

      The loss of even something like 80% of the pollinators would probably result in the largest famine in human history, the kind of famine that destroys countries.

  • Umm, guys? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Penguinisto ( 415985 ) on Tuesday August 13, 2019 @12:00PM (#59083182) Journal

    Is it too much to ask to get an unbiased source? I mean, I get that being kind stewards to the environment is something we seriously need to shoot for, but when I see this:

    "says co-author Kendra Klein, senior staff scientist at Friends of the Earth US. " (emphasis mine)

    ...my propaganda antennae tingle.

    Not much different to me than an article that would source a '...senior staff scientist at Monsanto', whom I would equally and immediately distrust, and for the same reason.

    • Re:Umm, guys? (Score:5, Insightful)

      by penandpaper ( 2463226 ) on Tuesday August 13, 2019 @12:15PM (#59083240) Journal

      It's not propaganda if I agree with it. /s

    • Re:Umm, guys? (Score:5, Informative)

      by Rei ( 128717 ) on Tuesday August 13, 2019 @12:23PM (#59083274) Homepage

      From the paper:

      The analysis also does not provide specific information on actual exposures experienced by insects in the environment nor on the timing and mode of pesticide application or the dissipation of the pesticide into the environment. Therefore, the AITL is not a standard risk assessment method (i.e., estimating the probability of harm) based on quantified actual or predicted exposure.

      So... in short, it's an utterly worthless methodology. Of course a systemic is going to give a higher score on that measure, because you have to fill up the whole plant's mass to a level lethal to pests in order to provide protection, vs a foliar spray which just sits on the surface of the leaves. It's like they specifically designed their methodology to try to find something that would rate neonicotinoids poorly.

    • Re:Umm, guys? (Score:5, Insightful)

      by AxeTheMax ( 1163705 ) on Tuesday August 13, 2019 @12:23PM (#59083278)
      Monsanto has the purpose of making money, FoE worries about the environment. They have different purposes, like one would probably be happy with 'kind stewards to the environment' and the other wants to make money. But you would treat them as being equivalent on opposite sides?
      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        >Monsanto has the purpose of making money

        If making money also means advances in agriculture (like genetic engineering) to feed billions of people, why is making money bad?

        >FoE worries about the environment

        It means they are biased toward that end and that any publication by them should be scrutinized as if it were Monsanto trying to make money off a study or claim. Bad science doesn't stop being bad science because you agree with the goals of the people paying for the study.

        • nobody has any problem with making money feeding billions of people. We do have problems making money by giving workers cancer, killing bees, pouring chemicals into ground water that give everyone cancer and using patents to take control of the food supply away from farmers.

          Monsato has a _lot_ to answer for.

          There's nothing wrong with being skeptical, but good science doesn't stop being good science just because you disagree with a study or claim. It goes both ways.
      • Your assumption of pure motives from a "non-profit" advocacy group is unjustified. The management of "friends of the earth" get paid too, and the more donations they bring in the more secure and comfortable their position will be. They have direct financial interest in motivating donors with urgent calls for action.

        Remember that the only difference between for profit and so call "non-profit" enterprises is that the former has a class of people ("owners") who have a claim on their profits. Non-profits mus

      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        FoE worries about the environment

        That doesn't mean they're not biased, or that they're credible. Homeopaths claim to support health, creationists claim to support natural history, and Friends of the Earth claim to be support the health of the environment while publishing biased, non-scientific, denialist junk like this [foe.org] that only serves to make their stated goal worse off. Just because you have an admirable stated goal doesn't mean your methods are actually advancing that goal.

        Monsanto wants to make gobs of money, fair enough not taking

      • Both of them want power. One financial, one moral.
        Yes, they are opposite sides and morally equivalent.

      • Monsanto has the purpose of making money

        That's a good thing. Because large corporations have the purpose of making money, they have learned to extensively test their products for safety and environmental impact, in order to avoid future lawsuits.

        That is largely effective (although sometimes you have an unethical CEO who tries to get away with something [wikipedia.org]).

    • One of the qualities an unbiased source (assuming such exists) is that it'll have the same passion for the subject as the first, and none of the animosity of the last.

    • "enior staff scientist at Monsanto', whom I would equally and immediately distrust, and for the same reason."

      I'd mostly distrust him for not having cleaned out his desk and moved to Bayer HQ, since there is no Monsanto anymore.

    • Just a friendly reminder to all those overeager greens out there: honeybees are not actually native to the New World. When we do use them for crop production (which of course is not all crops; some people seem to actually genuinely believe we'll starve to death if colony collapse disorder gets any worse but this is just silly ignorance), they are used by beekeepers who bring in lots of hives for saturation coverage. If the bees start to die off after they do this because of the pesticides used, well, those
      • by dryeo ( 100693 )

        The native bees are taking quite a hit too. In a way it's worse as they're more cold resistant and out and about pollinating in the early spring. Here the weather seems to be against them lately, leading to really shitty berry crops amongst other things.

        • Do very many farmers really rely on native bees for pollination? I'd always assumed that serious large-scale farmers of crops requiring pollination always employed professional beekeepers with saturation coverage.
      • by fintux ( 798480 )
        Native or not, they're important pollinators. And the pollinators aren't just necessary for maintaining the diversity of plants in the nature, or as nutrients for the nature, but they are responsible of pollinating the plants that produce our food. Without pollination, a huge portion of plants don't produce any crops, or produce way inferior crops. How do you suggest replacing honeybees in pollinating food-producing plants? And the natural pollinators are declining as well, they're not just as closely monit
        • Holy god, how did you manage to totally hit every single green hyperbolic misconception, *immediately* after I sought to dispel them?

          "inferior" crops? Christ, please close the tab of whatever demented green blogs you read and spend 20 minutes a day on Wikipedia. Our staple crops (e.g. grains, hay for livestock, tubers, many though not all green vegetables) are pretty much all wind pollinated, self-pollinated or don't require pollination at all. Yes, plenty of fruits and other plants we eat do use insect
          • A couple other quick notes I didn't spell out: the decline of honeybees might lead to a rebound of other pollinators through reduced competition. (And as I said if there is a decline of native pollinators, there could be other reasons for it including honeybee competition.)

            Also: we use honeybees for pollination because it produces an economically valuable second product. The husbandry aspects would necessarily be different (no large colonies), but it might be perfectly feasible to raise native species fo
          • by fintux ( 798480 )

            Holy god, how did you manage to totally hit every single green hyperbolic misconception, *immediately* after I sought to dispel them?

            I managed to hit "every single green hyperbolic misconception, *immediately*"? I could say that is a hyperbole too :)

            "inferior" crops? Christ, please close the tab of whatever demented green blogs you read and spend 20 minutes a day on Wikipedia. Our staple crops (e.g. grains, hay for livestock, tubers, many though not all green vegetables) are pretty much all wind pollinated, self-pollinated or don't require pollination at all. Yes, plenty of fruits and other plants we eat do use insect pollination but our health will not suffer if we lose them (fruits and nuts are the main thing but frankly, we're eating way too much of both for our own good anyway. I guess beans might be the one that make me pause the most, but it's worth noting most beans are native to the New World), and regardless honeybees are not the only species that could pollinate them.

            Well, I've read that information from a science magazine, not from a green blog. I don't have the source at hand now. Anyhow, about 35% of human consumption (that's consumption amount, not species amount - which would be even higher) requires animal pollination. So I consider that a huge portion (https://metafact.io/factcheck_answers/378).

            (If honeybees did disappear overnight, in the existence of continued demand I'm pretty sure industry would find another species we could raise on a large scale.)

            I sure hope so! It would be nicer if we don't have to

    • I'm waiting for an apocalypse-apocalypse. Been through too many of the fake ones (Honeybees are going to be extinct at least 5 times so far). Boy-crying-wolf and chicken-little comes to mind. People are getting too jaded to believe all these apocalypses. With the boy-crying-wolf, at the end of the story there IS a real wolf. Didn't end too well, especially for the Boy.
    • What do you want? Kenny McNormal some guy at I Saw The Earth At A Party In Manhattan?
  • I thought it was pretty well settled that bee decline was the result of mites, parasites, and fungus? Certainly farmers that depend on bees for pollination aren't choosing pesticides that target bees.

      • by malkavian ( 9512 )

        There are also lots of other pressures on pollinators. And neonics (as Europe has found out after banning them, and not seeing any decrease in CCD occurrence) don't seem to be the smoking gun.
        An interesting overview on the context, and pointing out that it's a hugely multifaceted problem can be read at: https://skeptoid.com/episodes/... [skeptoid.com]

      • Nope, almost all the commercial bees in the US go to CA for the almond crop every spring. The mites are spreading quite well, even riding the trucked hives back to their other seasonal jobsites. The pesticides aren't helping, but putting something like 75% of your entire herd in one place at one time is a pretty solid way to spread an infection.
        https://99percentinvisible.org... [99percentinvisible.org]

    • Re:Bees = Parasite (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Archtech ( 159117 ) on Tuesday August 13, 2019 @12:38PM (#59083334)

      Does it strike you as at all odd that bees, which evolved about 100 million years ago, should be struck down by mites, parasites and fungus exactly at the peak of human population and pollution?

      • Re:Bees = Parasite (Score:5, Informative)

        by penandpaper ( 2463226 ) on Tuesday August 13, 2019 @12:55PM (#59083400) Journal

        Honey Bees are being trucked around making it easier for those parasites and fungi to spread in stressed colonies. Basically, mass transport of apiaries help spread disease.

        You say "bees" but generally when people are talking about this topic they mean "honey bees". The native bees are not succumbing to those kind of problems. They have problems mainly loss of habitat (partly from honey bees... Honey bees are jerks of the bee world). From what I understand, native bees are doing fine for the most part.

        • Re:Bees = Parasite (Score:5, Informative)

          by Quantum gravity ( 2576857 ) on Tuesday August 13, 2019 @01:27PM (#59083504)
          Honey bees compete with other bees. But sadly and rather worryingly bees are in decline in general due to both habitat loss and pesticides. See this article in Time "More than 700 North American Bee Species Are Headed Toward Extinction": https://time.com/4688417/north... [time.com]

          Also the European Union banned neonicotinoids in 2018.
        • The native bees are not succumbing to those kind of problems.

          This is not correct at all, there has been recorded massive drops in bumblebees and other non honey bee populations just like seen in the commercial honey bee sector.

      • The bees that are native to the US yes, but this is about the Honey Bees that where introduced in the US by the European settlers.
    • The latest evidence is that the neonictids are collected with the nector and concentrated into the honey. When the bees begin consuming this honey in the fall and winter the neonictids begin to have neurological effects on the bees such as they stop cleaning the nest or doing routine tasks. This leads to a rise in mite and fungus infections that eventually decimate the young while all the older bees are flying off and dying because they are so neurologically damaged by the neonic's.

      Most people don't realize

  • by schematix ( 533634 ) on Tuesday August 13, 2019 @12:02PM (#59083196) Homepage
    my quality of life has improved over the past several decades due to fewer insects, especially the flying stinging kind.
    • by Calydor ( 739835 )

      The flying stinging kind are also the kind that lets you see pretty flowers and get honey. Be VERY careful what you wish for; you just might get it.

    • Besides, fasting extends life, too!
    • Insects make up by far the largest fraction of animal biomass [si-cdn.com]. Roughly 6x more than humans and our livestock combined. Also, insects are the primary pollinators for plants, whose biomass is so large that humans are mere roundoff error compared to them (0.013%). So any significant decrease in insect population will have a monumentally huge impact on the planet's ecosystem.
      • Also, insects are the primary pollinators for plants...

        No they're not. Wind is the primary pollinator for plants. All grasses (which include all grains consumed by humans), all trees that aren't fruit trees (and nut trees are not fruit trees and are wind pollinated), all shrubs that aren't fruit-bearing, all understory plants that humans typically call weeds are wind pollinated. Basically all plant phyla that aren't angiosperms are either wind pollinated, spread spores on the wind, or don't reproduce with seeds or spores, and 12% of angiosperms are wind poll

    • And soon when all the plants die, my allergies will be gone!

  • Study was funded by "Friends of the Earth," whose website starts with a CSS popover with all caps "STOP TRUMP FROM..."

    In fact, the last authorship on the paper is from someone who works there. I'm not an expert in the field to judge their paper, but when I see both funding and senior authorship from a source with a specific axe to grind, though.

    • "I get skeeved out." was supposed to be the last part of that.

    • The White House budget proposals each year under Trump have been ignored by congress, but each year would've destroyed most non-military science funding if they'd followed it, so that's why you don't see much support even amongst scientists without many axes.
    • The biased one is the one who thinks there's nothing anyone could possibly want to stop Trump from doing.

  • another source..... (Score:2, Informative)

    by scrout ( 814004 )
    https://wattsupwiththat.com/20... [wattsupwiththat.com] Indeed, in releasing the latest BIP results, Van Engelsdorp himself said, “We’re not worried about honeybees going extinct. We’re worried about commercial beekeepers going extinct.” Hive infections, long distance travel and other aspects of the business have driven more beekeepers to other professions. Second, there’s good news in the latest Bee Informed Partnership survey. Finally, after years of misleading media and activist rhetoric seeki
  • Exterminator (Score:5, Insightful)

    by PPH ( 736903 ) on Tuesday August 13, 2019 @01:08PM (#59083452)

    ... was going door to door in my neighborhood. Offering to do inspections and sign me up for pest control services.

    "But I don't have ants, termites, cockroaches or other bugs in my house."
    "I can see you have quite a few spiders from the webs in your bushes."
    "But those are all outside. And I like spiders outside. They eat bugs."
    "Err, um. Well, have a nice day."

    I suspect that a lot of the over treatment with pesticides is marketing pressure for people to 'get rid of all those icky bugs in your garden'. And it's not difficult to 'creep out' a bunch of housewives over the sight of an errant spider or whatever.

  • "The good news is that we don't need neonics," she says. "We have four decades of research and evidence that agroecological farming methods can grow our food without decimating pollinators."

    I'm sure every cash-strapped farmer will be delighted to hear that. Fertilizer, herbicides, and pesticides are huge expenses for them. Since they're all either savvy small businesses or voracious profit-hungry megacorporations, I'm sure they'll jump at the opportunity to spend less on expensive chemicals.

    Oh wait, they're not? Huh. Funny that. Could it be that agroecological farming methods are more expensive and/or have lower yields?

    Don't get me wrong. All things being equal, I definitely prefer less pestic

    • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

      Unfortunately agriculture is so messed up with cold war era regulations and subsidies you can't really use economic arguments to make any sense of it.

      • Unfortunately agriculture is so messed up with cold war era regulations and subsidies you can't really use economic arguments to make any sense of it.

        True that. I just listened to a podcast talking about how chicken production and farm productivity in general were important cold war propaganda. I kinda vaguely remember it was a big deal when the US started exporting grain to the USSR but I never really understood why that was significant. I'd be delighted to start unwinding some of that (and New Deal era marketing orders).

        • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

          Freakonomics? Yes, it went into detail about *why* agriculture is messed up. I imagine there are a lot of industries that were important for propaganda in the cold war and got similar treatment. And once you're distorted a market that much, it's hard to stop.

  • by tquasar ( 1405457 ) on Tuesday August 13, 2019 @07:12PM (#59084542)
    Declare Monsanto a terrorist organization. Most actions/reactions have wide ranging effects.

If all the world's economists were laid end to end, we wouldn't reach a conclusion. -- William Baumol

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