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Earth Power

Does America's First Commercial Offshore Wind Farm Portend a Clean Energy Revolution? (thebulletin.org) 175

In the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Slashdot reader Dan Drollette describes visiting one of North America's biggest experiments in renewable energy, off the coast of Rhode Island.

As the only commercial offshore wind farm in North America, Block Island is "setting the stage for what could be a rapid explosion in the number of commercial offshore windmills on the entire East Coast of the United States, assuming they leap the latest set of ever-changing legal hurdles set by fossil-fuel friendly regulators in Washington, DC." The goal of the Block Island test wind farm -- which started construction in the summer of 2015 and started generating some power in December 2016 -- is to see if it is technologically, environmentally, and scientifically possible to transfer offshore wind power technology from Europe to North America... This five-turbine, 30-megawatt endeavor has been effectively acting as a multi-year, real-world experiment in offshore wind power for the United States, paving the way for offshore wind farms on the northeast coast and the mid-Atlantic that could each be as much as 600 times the size of this test site, with hundreds of turbines generating electricity for hundreds of thousands of homes from just one full-scale, industrial-sized wind farm. There are more than a dozen large offshore "wind lease areas" suitable for wind farms currently up for bid from the federal Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, stretching from Massachusetts to North Carolina. Massachusetts alone is soliciting contracts for 1,600 megawatts of offshore wind development (half have now been sold), which is more than 50 times the size of this pilot project off of Block Island.... Once it is built and running, the Massachusetts project off Martha's Vineyard alone will provide enough energy to power at least 230,000 households, or about a third of the state's residential energy demand.

Other states are working on a similar gargantuan scale. All told, there are 28 offshore wind projects in the works on the East Coast, with a total capacity of 24 gigawatts, or 24,000 megawatts. To give a sense of the massive size of the generating power of the wind farms now in the works, the first commercial civilian nuclear reactor in the United States -- Massachusetts' Yankee Rowe Nuclear Power Station, now decommissioned -- generated just 185 megawatts at its peak. But after decades of false starts and tangled litigation, a sea change appears to be occurring for offshore wind in the United States, as this country races to catch up with Northern Europe, where this renewable energy source has become increasingly mainstream and increasingly cheap... And these offshore wind projects could have a big impact on the environment. The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that the newly contracted wind farms would offset carbon emissions equivalent to removing about 270,000 cars from the road. They could play a key role in reducing the region's climate change footprint, while allowing the New England economy to grow...

Consequently, this handful of windmills in one test plot have been closely watched, studied, and debated, from multiple points of view, by many different "stakeholders," as the parlance goes -- including Wall Street analysts, investment firms, engineers, economists, sociologists, fisheries experts, environmental activists, historic preservationists, ornithologists, marine mammal biologists, Native American tribes, scallopers, long-liners, oystermen, sport fisherman, real estate investors, the tourism industry, and homeowners. And, of course, lawyers. Many, many lawyers...

The article notes that often windmill power companies "can piggyback on existing infrastructure, in the form of the high-tension power lines built for decommissioned nuclear plants or retired coal-fired plants such as the 1,500 megawatt Brayton Point Power Station on the mainland -- the last coal-burning plant in Massachusetts, which was shut down in May 2017..."

After talking to several locals, he concludes that "If there is a common thread to the comments, it is that the windmills are quiet and distant, and that with a steady and predictable source of power, islanders no longer have to worry about blackouts or brownouts... If nothing else, wind had turned out to be more reliable than ferrying barrels of diesel fuel to a generator located on an island 13 miles out to sea."
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Does America's First Commercial Offshore Wind Farm Portend a Clean Energy Revolution?

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  • Maybe this is a good idea. It puts the devices where the wind is usually blowing. But Britain has found that off-shore wind power has high maintenance costs, so I'm not sure.

    • breathing fumes from coal powered plants has some maintenance costs for humans in my state, and our nuke plants I hear will cost a few bucks to decommission.

    • Maybe this is a good idea. It puts the devices where the wind is usually blowing. But Britain has found that off-shore wind power has high maintenance costs, so I'm not sure.

      Do you happen to know what they have been replacing the coal with? Which they have done rather spectacularly and if you want some encouraging pics/stats https://www.theguardian.com/en... [theguardian.com] I know there is a lot of gas in the UK, but the picture for UK in the link (if you scroll down) pretty much only shows renewables as increasing.

      • by UnknowingFool ( 672806 ) on Saturday September 21, 2019 @04:22PM (#59221302)
        No. Britain has replacing decommissioning their coal plants for decades now. In the last 5 years it has gone from 30% to 5% last year. [wikipedia.org]
      • by HiThere ( 15173 )

        I don't know. Perhaps the increased maintenance costs are justified by more constant winds. I know that Scotland is reported to be generating a lot of wind power, but perhaps it's land based.

        The thing is, Britain has a lot more reliable winds, especially around Scotland, than most of the US does. So they may well be able to justify higher maintenance costs. Or perhaps if high winds are infrequent the maintenance costs would be lower?

        But this thing was originally proposed back when it was clearly a polit

  • Of course that means different things in different places, but as long as my energy supply remains all of the above I don't care if it comes from gas, nuclear, hydro, tidal, solar, wind or vegan organic pixie dust (in my case it is mostly all hydroelectric).

    Many people on this planet - billions - don't have any of the above. Any solution that does not work to improve that is not a solution at all.

    • by gtall ( 79522 )

      So if your kid gets asthma from breathing particulate matter from burning coal, then you don't care as long as your energy supply remains cheap, plentiful, and reliable. Or if the Earth warms to the point your kids and grandkids lead miserable lives, then you don't care as long as your energy supply remains cheap, plentiful, and reliable. Or if you manage to kill off major species of flora and fauna, then you don't care as long as your energy supply remains cheap, plentiful, and reliable.

      • by suutar ( 1860506 )

        coal was not on his list, actually. Unless you think that's what "vegan organic pixie dust" means.

      • Access to energy directly correlates to better standards of living and life expectancies.

        Plenty of kids leading miserable lives right this very moment, no "if's" at all. If you ask them I'll bet potential asthma from a coal plant beats drinking untreated ditch water any day.

        I'll file you as not being part of the solution.

    • Any solution that does not work to improve that is not a solution at all

      It's not a perfect solution, but getting parts of the world that can over to sources of renewable energy is certainly a partial solution each with its own associated benefits. The idea that only solutions that solve all our problems at once are worth pursuing is short-sighted. Yes, we should also pursue solutions for people who lack access to the sources you mentioned but that doesn't mean switching people over to renewables they do ha

  • by Solandri ( 704621 ) on Saturday September 21, 2019 @04:15PM (#59221278)
    • Winds at the U.S. and European latitudes blow predominantly from West to East.
    • Europe is blessed with an enormous continental shelf [goo.gl]. A huge chunk of the shelf nearly as big as Europe itself is less than 200 meters in depth [shutterstock.com], with large parts of it less than 80 meters deep. England and Ireland aren't so much islands, as they are parts of the continental shelf which happen to stick above water.

    These combined mean that offshore wind is relatively easy to build off of Europe, and even building close to shore gives access to unimpeded ocean winds. This is important for minimizing the length of underwater power conduits.

    • The U.S. only has a significant continental shelf on its East coast [goo.gl]. Because of the predominant wind direction, the winds on this shelf are obstructed by land. To get clear winds requires building far offshore. The exception is around Cape Cod/Nantucket, where the shoreline is east-west, meaning going a few dozen miles south gives you access to winds which have been unimpeded by land for a hundred miles. Which not surprisingly is where most of the U.S. offshore wind efforts have been focused.
    • The U.S. west coast has a sharp dropoff near the coast. I'm in Southern California, and if you head just a few miles out, the water depth is already 1 mile. The islands here are in fact mountain peaks which rise from the ocean floor 1-2 miles below. Offshore wind here is almost completely unfeasible, despite the clear ocean winds.
    • Oregon and Washington have about 30 miles of continental shelf, so offshore wind could be viable there. However, those two states contain most of the hydroelectric power in the U.S. So there's very little incentive for them to build additional power generation, much less generation which will cost 2x-3x more than the hydroelectric power they already enjoy.

    So Europe is really much better suited for offshore wind than the U.S. Just like the southwest U.S. is much better suited for solar than Europe.

    • by PPH ( 736903 )

      The U.S. west coast has a sharp dropoff near the coast. I'm in Southern California, and if you head just a few miles out, the water depth is already 1 mile. The islands here are in fact mountain peaks which rise from the ocean floor 1-2 miles below. Offshore wind here is almost completely unfeasible, despite the clear ocean winds.

      Northern California has a pretty good continental shelf. And one can always take advantage of the prevailing westerly winds by building wind generation in the coastal hills.

    • Europe is blessed with an enormous continental shelf. A huge chunk of the shelf nearly as big as Europe itself is less than 200 meters in depth, with large parts of it less than 80 meters deep. England and Ireland aren't so much islands, as they are parts of the continental shelf which happen to stick above water.

      That's true, but they are already experimenting with deep water turbines.
      https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-sc... [bbc.com]

    • The US has a west coast too ... and a long south coast from Texas till Florida.

      The idea that the land shadows the wind at the east cost is greatly overrated anyway. The wind plants will be 10km if not 20km far out in the sea.

      On top of that: people building wind farms usually measure the wind there for a year or longer first. Or would you not? Or they buy the data from agencies that recorded for decades.

      The idea that the wind goes west to east always close to a coast is wrong anyway: https://www.windfinder. [windfinder.com]

  • What's the rule on questions in headlines? The rule is that if the headline takes the form of a question then the best bet is that the answer is no.

    Offshore wind is more expensive than onshore wind, and that is almost certain to remain true. Offshore wind power might be cheaper than nuclear power right now but that can change with new nuclear power technologies, developing economy of scale, and shifting prices in material costs.

    One problem wind power is likely to run into is the production of rare earth m

    • We can use wind for applications that can tolerate fluctuations, such as desalinating seawater. The water situation in the West being what it is, coastal cities will need to start making their own water on a really large scale.

    • One problem wind power is likely to run into is the production of rare earth metals.
      No idea why you spread this myth al the times. You lie, plain and simple.

      You got told 100 times, by many /. ers:
      a) raw earths are not raw
      b) they are mostly waste by other mining processes (especially if we talk about Niob, the only raw earth used in wind generators)
      c) they are not essential, they are used because they are cheap at the moment and allow for stronger magnets

      Why do you keep repeating lyes about raw earths?

      Offsho

      • What are "raw earths"? Did you mean "rare earths"? Wind generators often use hundreds of pounds of rare earth elements in the form of neodymium and dysprosium. I'm not aware of any element named niob, did you mean niobium? If so its usage in wind turbines is quite rare/limited as it's properties of high strength, high heat resilience and low weight aren't often necessary for a fixed application like wind turbines. It is often used for aerospace applications and extreme high strength structural applicat

      • Where did I state anything that was "corrected" by anything you stated? You corrected none of my supposed lies. In fact you seem so upset by something that you could not even fashion a sensible reply. I believe that if you calmed down long enough to read what I actually wrote, instead of what you imagined I wrote, that there would likely be nothing to correct.

        That said, I do believe I need to clarify a point. The production of rare earth elements in the USA is currently expensive because of regulations

  • A couple things about this summary kind of annoy me, first off using capacity for renewables is often highly misleading. A wind farm with "24 gigawatts" will often produce less than half of that on average, as little as 25% for PV. Then they compare it to a very old nuclear power station producing only 185 Megawatts when most produce a Gigawatt or more. Then they chose the best possible scenario for a wind power farm, an isolated area that has to import fuel. Does it make sense there, quite likely. Doe

  • What kind of surface area do the 28 wind farms collectively occupy? And their capacity assumes they are all up and running simultaneously ... a virtual impossibility. And that is compared to a dated singular nuclear power plant that could operate 24/7. Really?

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