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AI Earth Science

Scientists Have Discovered Vast Unidentified Structures Deep Inside the Earth (vice.com) 84

Scientists combed through nearly 30 years of earthquake data to probe huge and mysterious objects near the Earth's core. From a report: Scientists have discovered a vast structure made of dense material occupying the boundary between Earth's liquid outer core and the lower mantle, a zone some 3,000 kilometers (1,864 miles) beneath our feet. The researchers used a machine learning algorithm that was originally developed to analyze distant galaxies to probe the mysterious phenomenon occurring deep within our own planet, according to a paper published on Thursday in Science. One of these enormous anomalies, located deep under the Marquesas Islands, had never been detected before, while another structure beneath Hawaii was found to be much larger than previously estimated.

Scientists led by Doyeon Kim, a seismologist and postdoctoral fellow at the University of Maryland, fed seismograms captured from hundreds of earthquakes that occurred between 1990 to 2018 into an algorithm called Sequencer. While seismological studies tend to focus on relatively small datasets of regional earthquake activity, Sequencer allowed Kim and his colleagues to analyze 7,000 measurements of earthquakes -- each with a magnitude of at least 6.5 -- that shook the subterranean world under the Pacific Ocean within the past three decades. "This study is very special because, for the first time, we get to systematically look at such a large dataset that actually covers more or less the entire Pacific basin," Kim said in a call. Though scientists have previously mapped out structures deep inside Earth, this study presents a rare opportunity to "bring everything in together and try to explain it in a global context," he noted.

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Scientists Have Discovered Vast Unidentified Structures Deep Inside the Earth

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  • by nospam007 ( 722110 ) * on Friday June 12, 2020 @04:25PM (#60177080)

    In his house at R'lyeh, dead Cthulhu waits dreaming.

    • For further dets watch Artemis Fowl

    • I wonder if they found it using that rendering glitch that makes the ground transparent so you can catch a glimpse of abandoned mineshafts, strongholds, etc. That was seriously the first visual image that I imagined when I read the title of the article. Come on, I'm sure I'm not the only one...
    • "Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn"

      Cthulhu needs to move a bit further from his mic.

  • by dgatwood ( 11270 ) on Friday June 12, 2020 @04:33PM (#60177110) Homepage Journal

    And inside it, they found the Lidenbrock Sea.

  • by rmdingler ( 1955220 ) on Friday June 12, 2020 @04:37PM (#60177120) Journal

    I'm not saying it's aliens...

  • This is where they live.
    • Crab people? Seriously? Come on, man, that's ridiculous!
      Clearly it's the Reptilians. They retreated there shortly before the asteroid hit, and have lived there ever since.
      The UFOs we keep seeing? That's them. They've had millions of years of peaceful civilization down there, and their technology is orders of magnitude ahead of ours.
      Global Warming is actually their fault. They're doing it on purpose, to prepare the surface for their return; it's too cold up here for them right now. Once we're gone (or at
      • Nah. It's crab people. You can trust me on this one.
      • Crab people? Seriously? Come on, man, that's ridiculous! Clearly it's the Reptilians. They retreated there shortly before the asteroid hit, and have lived there ever since. The UFOs we keep seeing? That's them. They've had millions of years of peaceful civilization down there, and their technology is orders of magnitude ahead of ours. Global Warming is actually their fault. They're doing it on purpose, to prepare the surface for their return; it's too cold up here for them right now. Once we're gone (or at least decimated) then they will return to the surface to rule over the Earth once again.

        They're Silurians, thank you very much. Although, The Doctor properly calls them Eocenes.

      • It's definitely crab people. https://xkcd.com/2314/ [xkcd.com] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]
  • ... welcome our new Mole Men overlords.

    Can't do much worse than we're already doing.

  • by mykepredko ( 40154 ) on Friday June 12, 2020 @04:46PM (#60177146) Homepage

    His first adventure dealing with the "Mole Men": https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]

  • It's obvious that it's hell!

    Have they found a way down yet? :)

    Eh, this reminds me (warning: blah blah time) one day many years ago I read in Popular Science that some people somewhere had drilled the deepest hole ever. The hole emitted some sound reminding of human wailing, and then a small creature popped out.

    That's when I came to realize it was time to unsubscribe.

    You're welcome to my unrelatedish mini-rant.

    • by Junta ( 36770 )

      It's obvious that it's hell!

      2020: The year that Doom turned out to be realistic.

    • Eh, this reminds me (warning: blah blah time) one day many years ago I read in Popular Science that some people somewhere had drilled the deepest hole ever. The hole emitted some sound reminding of human wailing, and then a small creature popped out.

      Just curious, was that the October issue?

    • by gweihir ( 88907 )

      It's obvious that it's hell!

      Naa, not enough space....

    • That's a pretty old tale [snopes.com]. I assume your PopSci sub was for the dead tree version.
    • hell is right here , cast down from the heavens to a place so far in the backyard of the galaxy that even at lightspeed we are "never to return' to claim the heavens ...no need to dig deeper ..
  • Call the Doctor!!! (Score:5, Informative)

    by sconeu ( 64226 ) on Friday June 12, 2020 @04:57PM (#60177170) Homepage Journal

    It's the Silurians!

    • by mysidia ( 191772 )

      No... Its most likely the Daleks preparing their armies for conquest of the entire universe. The Silurians are wise to this type of tech and would not be detected, but the Daleks don't bother.

  • short story by Arthur Clarke.

  • It's just the Racnoss.

    We've known about that since season three of Doctor Who 2.0.

  • Considering our planet just kinda mushed together billions of years ago, one possible explanation is that it's remnants of large chunks of an asteroid containing something that can withstand very high temperatures. However that would make then exceptionally old which seems unlikely.

    A more likely scenario would be that these structures are formed and destroyed regularly as part of natural planetary cycle that we don't know about yet.

    • Missing "flood" waters locked away. :-p

      • Biblical context also makes it clear that "earth" does not necessarily mean the whole Earth. For example, the face of the ground, as used in Gen. 7:23 and Gen. 8:8 in place of "earth," does not imply the planet Earth. "Land" is a better translation than "earth" for the Hebrew eretz because it extends to the "face of the ground" we can see around us; that is, what is within our horizon. It also can refer to a specific stretch of land in a local geographic or political sense. For example, when Zech. 5:6 says "all the earth," it is literally talking about Palestine--a tract of land or country, not the whole planet Earth. Similarly, in Mesopotamia, the concept of "the land" (kalamin Sumerian) seems to have included the entire alluvial plain. This is most likely the correct interpretation of the term "the earth," which is used over and over again in Gen. 6-8: the entire alluvial plain of Mesopotamia was inundated with water. The clincher to the word "earth" meaning ground or land (and not the planet Earth) is Gen. 1:10: God called the dry land earth (eretz). If God defined "earth" as "dry land," then so should we.

        OEC [csun.edu]

    • by PPH ( 736903 )

      A more likely scenario would be that these structures are formed and destroyed regularly as part of natural planetary cycle that we don't know about yet.

      Slag floating on top of the liquid iron core. (Just a guess)

      • That's more likely to be the D-double-prime layer.

        Not that it could be slag in the same sense as in a smelting works. The mineralogy that is stable at the surface completely falls apart less than halfway from the surface to the outer edge of the core.

    • Two points :
      - asteroids in general aren't ever subjected to particularly high temperatures. a few percent got to moderate temperatures (enough to melt iron, about 1600K, and rare grains (CAI - Calcium-Aluminium-rich-Inclusions) were briefly melted at around 2000K. That's neither particularly high (about half of the Earth's mass is hotter, for example) nor common.
      - This planetary cycle which we don't know about - I've got textbooks describing them which my mother used in college in the 1950s. Reports mappi
  • So they use the data of a lot of earthquakes, then use a mathematical formula that's used to determine things about far far away objects to... ...WHAT??? The Earth's CORE??? 1,864 MILES underneith the ground that we're standing on? That's roughly the distance from where I live in Alabama, to Los Angeles. There's literally no way in hell (no pun intended) that they'll ever confirm anything that deep. Elon Musk is laughing at this.

    • There's literally no way in hell (no pun intended) that they'll ever confirm anything that deep.

      What's that you say? A machine, that can process literally trillions of bits of information every second!? LOL!!! Thomas Edison is laughing at this.

      • Yes, that's a really good comparison. I've learned a lesson today, thanks. I can't wait until we devise a way to bore that deep, despite it being literally impossible due to physical limitations. We'd need to bore down over 1,800 MILES. The farthest that we've been able to bore is just over 7.5 miles (check out the deepest hole ever dug [bbc.com]

        Edison knew that electricity moved a fast as it does. He should have been able to conceive of a way that it could be used to do things fast, dunno. Maybe he wasn't as s

        • Yes, that's a really good comparison. I've learned a lesson today, thanks.

          No you didn't... so save your hollow thanks.

          We'd need to bore down over 1,800 MILES.

          ..right.. and we need to physically visit stars to know there are planets around them or to start learning about their atmospheric composition! Now thank me again, "bro".

          • and we need to physically visit stars to know there are planets around them

            That's another great comparison - empty space being looked thru, vs 1,850 miles of extremely compact, solid matter being looked thru. "Bruuuhhh".

            • by catprog ( 849688 )

              It is not like sound can travel through material right?

              You just need a source of low frequency high powered waves. Such as an earthquake.

            • People like you are just dead ass set on being ignorant. Hey, more power to you.
        • by aquabat ( 724032 )
          Oh, come on. Any standard antimatter drill can do it just fine. The only tricky part is positioning the compensators so as not to fuck up the planet's orbit too much (and also coordinating with traffic control to make sure nobody strays into the paths the gamma jets).
          • Yeah, I agree. Idea whole concept of boring down that far is stupid. All we really need to do is turn the entire planet insideout. I mean, it's might suck, but as long as we put it all back how it was, it should be ok. Afterall, we're talking about silly shit from the get-go.

            Some scientists be like, "We can get funding, how? Really? Ok, fuck it, tell them that we think we found something near the core."

        • Clearly materials science is just done and will never advance beyond its current state. Yup, we've discovered everything to be discovered.
          • Hey I agree, we're not done advancing in physical technology and that, however, once we get to a place in "humanity" ...or whatever you want to call it, where we have gained the ability to bore down that far, we'll have some higher degree of understanding about the universe and our place in it, and the thought of boring down to the core of the planet will sound really really silly.

      • by PPH ( 736903 )

        Thomas Edison is laughing at this.

        He also laughed at 60 Hertz.

        • Thomas Edison is laughing at this.

          He also laughed at 60 Hertz.

          That's a pretty low-pitched laugh. Just sayin'

    • by cusco ( 717999 )

      Do you know how sonar and radar work? They use the echoes and distortions received that bounce back after hitting something. This is the same principle, except that they're using the seismic vibration instead of a transducer or magnetron.

      • Actually you still need a transducer. Sonar and Radar do a transmit and receive. However it is hard to get a transmitter that is powerful enough so substitute the Transmitter for the earthquake then the receiver is still a standard receiver (for picking up earthquakes I am guessing.) Like sonar in passive mode.
    • Clearly you like to think of yourself as a comedian, but on the off-chance that someone reading this is actually interested in learning, the way this is studied in the lab is by putting samples into high pressure cells (typically diamond anvils, sometimes bilateral, sometimes tetrahedral), cooking them with lasers, then measuring the speed of sound and density of the minerals. That allows you to work out how much of which materials are present at which depths. The maths in deconvolving the seismic data is c
  • So they found Satan's toolshed where he stores all his extra pitchforks? I didn't really see any substantial summary in that article about what they found.

  • by jddj ( 1085169 ) on Friday June 12, 2020 @06:00PM (#60177376) Journal

    One of these enormous anomalies, located deep under the Marquesas Islands, had never been detected before, while another structure beneath Hawaii was found to be much larger than previously estimated.

    Mothra.

    And Godzilla.

  • ... and about the people living there: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3... [imdb.com]
  • https://www.tokenrock.com/expl... [tokenrock.com]

    The theory that the Earth is hollow is based on the ancient legends of many cultures that say there are races of people - entire civilizations - that thrive in subterranean cities. Very often, it is stated, these dwellers of the underworld are more technologically and spiritually advanced than those of us on the surface. Some even believe that UFOs are not from other planets, but are manufactured by these beings from Earth's interior. It is also believed that one of these ad

    • by cusco ( 717999 )

      That's not a theory, it's a hypothesis.

      https://www.dictionary.com/bro... [dictionary.com]
      https://www.dictionary.com/bro... [dictionary.com]

      • It's not even a hypothesis, because it is not "set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena," as your definition puts it. To be a hypothesis there would actually have to be some evidence of the phenomenon of civilizations thriving in subterranean cities -- evidence that would have to be explained.

        The concept that the Earth is hollow is actually a "belief", just as the ancient legends are. Now, one may wish to present a hypothesis to explain the phenomenon of why peop

        • by cusco ( 717999 )

          Good point, although I was taking their foolishness as an attempt to explain UFOs and such.

    • I've got to admit, Ancient Aliens was the first thing that came to my mind.

  • They found the machine elves that live inside the Earth.

  • “What if we don’t really know what to look for in the dataset?”

    I'll try to be quick. The "anomalies" appear below two volcanic regions, yes?

    Volcanoes are the result of what? liquid iron escaping form the Earth's core and making it to the surface, yes?

    How hard does that iron have to try to get to the surface? Fissures , cracks, caverns, voids, you get the idea, right?

    Not unlike the countless sperm that never reach the egg so doth that iron try in vein. But wait. Now that it is no longer in

    • Volcanoes are the result of what? liquid iron escaping form the Earth's core and making it to the surface, yes?

      No. It is heat being conducted by relatively hot and less dense rocks which are less stiff than surrounding rocks.

      How hard does that iron have to try to get to the surface? Fissures , cracks, caverns, voids, you get the idea, right?

      There aren't any significant (millimetre or larger) voids more than 10 kilometres below the surface. What voids there are are filled with high pressure gases and liquid

  • When it comes to what is going on down there, it really depends how much the different metals et al seperate out in a fluid state, each more aligned to it's own layer according to density. As they seperate how, the degree of viscosity of each layer comes into play, how tightly the follow the spin of the outer layers. Those inner layers, very dense very low viscosity layers will act as lubricant to allow lower layers to have their spin influenced by other things like the magnetic field of the core or of the

  • Unicron brother of Primus was famous for battling his brother. In the cartoon Unicron fed off negative Energon while the cybertronians fed off positive Energon. I think they should name the main blob Unicron.

  • Aliens
  • by wimg ( 300673 )
    Well that's Zion, being built for when the machines strike. One day Neo will help us defend it ;-)
  • > ... called ultra low velocity zones (ULVZs), which are dense patches on the core-mantle boundary. The statement seems to go against the knowledge that, in general, the denser the material, the faster sound will go through it. That sound waves have "ultra low velocity" in those zones would indicate relative non-dense patches, not dense patches.
    • ... or regions of a different mineralogy compared to the average mantle and the average core.

      If the mineral structure remains the same, then increasing pressure will increase density, leading, as you say, to increasing sonic velocity. UNTIL the pressure is sufficient to cause a change in the mineral structure. That certainly happens at about 400-440 km depth, and people are looking for other deeper changes.

      Changing the composition - iron metal for aluminium/ silicate minerals - also changes the sonic vel

  • (Have you ever watched the show Ancient Aliens?)

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