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United States Government The Military

US Probes How American Electronics Wound Up in Russian Military Equipment in Ukraine (msn.com) 174

America's federal agents "have begun questioning U.S. technology companies on how their computer chips ended up in Russian military equipment recovered in Ukraine," reports the Washington Post: Commerce Department agents who enforce export controls are conducting the inquiries together with the FBI, paying joint visits to companies to ask about Western chips and components found in Russian radar systems, drones, tanks, ground-control equipment and littoral ships, according to people familiar with the matter, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive investigations. "Our goal is to actually try to track that back, all the way back to the U.S. supplier" to determine "how did it find its way into that weapons system," one Commerce Department official said of the probes....

It isn't clear which specific components are being probed. But investigators from a variety of countries have identified Western electronics in Russian weaponry found in Ukraine. Many of those components appear to have been manufactured years ago, before the United States tightened export restrictions after Russia seized Crimea in 2014. But others were manufactured as recently as 2020, according to Conflict Armament Research (CAR), a research group in London that has examined some of the parts....

CAR last month sent investigators to Ukraine to examine Russian weaponry and communications equipment, and reported finding components from 70 companies based in the United States and Europe. They found the parts in military radios, airborne defense systems and in remnants of cruise missiles that the Ukrainians recovered in various towns and villages, Damien Spleeters, one of the CAR investigators, said in an interview.

An associate professor of electrical/computer engineering at Purdue tells the Post "Most of the items they are listing are available through any commercial computer parts supplier or digital parts supplier."

But the Post spoke to a lawyer representing one of the contacted technology companies. "Among the questions federal agents are asking: whether tech companies sold their products to a specific list of companies, including middlemen, that may have been involved in the supply chain."
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US Probes How American Electronics Wound Up in Russian Military Equipment in Ukraine

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  • I mean, ain't you happy that they finally understood how great capitalism is?

    • Or maybe it was sold by Not Me and Ida Know.
    • It's not even that, as the Purdue guy points out these don't seem to be exotic milspec parts but things like 555's bought from Mouser. Seems more like a fishing expedition than anything else.
  • How? Money. (Score:5, Informative)

    by SuperKendall ( 25149 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @04:16PM (#62634358)

    It's no mystery how Russia could have anything they want, they have lots of money, and even better lots of natural resources countries are desperate for (like oil) - any number of countries could have legally bought all of the American tech t hey wanted and then shipped it off to Russia.

    What are we really going to do if China or India is shipping American tech to Russia?

    • Re:How? Money. (Score:4, Interesting)

      by Kernel Kurtz ( 182424 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @04:53PM (#62634416)

      What are we really going to do if China or India is shipping American tech to Russia?

      Sanctions. Money is a language everyone understands.

      • Re:How? Money. (Score:5, Insightful)

        by SuperKendall ( 25149 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @05:05PM (#62634434)

        Sanctions. Money is a language everyone understands.

        Sanctions are what has made Russia so rich it can afford to buy anything from anywhere.

        How realistically would you sanction all of India? Or especially all of China, which produces most of our stuff?

        We're going to see though when China invades Taiwan, what is possible in regard to sanctions against the company we are deeply tied to for survival.

        • Re:How? Money. (Score:5, Interesting)

          by Freischutz ( 4776131 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @05:22PM (#62634460)

          Sanctions. Money is a language everyone understands.

          Sanctions are what has made Russia so rich it can afford to buy anything from anywhere.

          There are some problems you can't solve by throwing money at them. Russia's current problem is that they have built most of their best and most modern armaments on US or US allied made components. Sanctions have effectively stopped the flow of those components. That's why Uralvagonzavod cannot manufacture the T-14 Amata in large numbers, it's why Uralvagonzavod cannot even repair the upgraded T-72s that make up the backbone of the Russian army which is why we are seeing un-upgraded T-62s straight out of deep storage showing up in the Donbas. It's why Su-57 stealth fighters aren't tearing Ukrainian air defences apart. It is also why Russia has resorted to using carpet bombing with dumb artillery and rockets instead of precision guided munitions. Now, can Russia switch completely to Chinese components for its entire arsenal? Yes, but the can't they do it in a weekend cram session by throwing tons of money at the problem like you seem to be suggesting. Switching the entire Russian high tech arsenal to Chinese components is going to take at least a decade, probably more. The really sad thing here is that Putin had the chance to build up the Russian tech industry. Russia has a lot of smart people. If the money Putin and the oligarchs stole had been put into building up a tech industry Russia would be in a very, very, very different place but Putin didn't do that. Instead he turned Russia into a thoroughly rotten and corrupt kleptocratic shit-hole. Putin wants to be remembered as a latter day Peter the Great the man who dragged Russia kicking and screaming into the modern age, Putin will be remembered as the exact opposite of what Peter the Great was and what he achieved.

          • Sanctions have effectively stopped the flow of those components.

            The story shows they plainly haven't, and even if they had China can just make whatever components Russia needs for more modern tanks.

            We have pushed Russia into the arms of China, so we built up a group of countries now aligned against the U.S. where one company can manufacture any high tech components needed, and the other has vast natural resources. The U.S. is utterly incapable of stopping Russia from getting anything it desires, and the sa

            • by drinkypoo ( 153816 ) <drink@hyperlogos.org> on Sunday June 19, 2022 @05:52PM (#62634528) Homepage Journal

              Sanctions have effectively stopped the flow of those components.

              The story shows they plainly haven't

              All that is being shown in your comment is how badly you have failed to understand the argument being made, once again, true to form. These components got into these systems over multiple years. They didn't just get in there yesterday, what's changed is that we're finding out now because Ukraine is capturing Russian vehicles in various states of disrepair and studying them, rebuilding them for immediate reuse, etc.

            • Sanctions have effectively stopped the flow of those components.

              The story shows they plainly haven't, and even if they had China can just make whatever components Russia needs for more modern tanks.

              We have pushed Russia into the arms of China, so we built up a group of countries now aligned against the U.S. where one company can manufacture any high tech components needed, and the other has vast natural resources. The U.S. is utterly incapable of stopping Russia from getting anything it desires, and the sanctions against Russia have boosted Russia's income so much (from the spike in oil prices) Russia can afford anything it desires.

              You are being fed a pack of lies about where Russia stands in relation to the war, and its own situation. Time to tack a step back and think realistically about where they are based on data we know rather than what is claimed.

              That is a steaming pile of bullshit. So the Russians have managed to smuggle small quantities of western components into the country. Big deal. The point is that despite whatever small successes Russia has had smuggling in western components that is nowhere near enough to crank out thousands of T-14s, modern cruise missiles, guided bombs, Su-57 stealth fighters. Perhaps you can you point us to the secret location where Russia is squirrelling all of that high tech gear away while sending rusty T-62s, dumb ar

              • So the Russians have managed to smuggle small quantities of western components into the country. Big deal.

                Over 1000 Orlan-10 drones with French 640x480@120Hz microbolometers https://lynred.com/sites/defau... [lynred.com]

                Hundreds of Thales thermal sights on Russian tanks and helis https://www.barrons.com/news/f... [barrons.com]

                Its not small numbers, its bulk sales of military grade components and systems under post Crimea embargo.

                • So the Russians have managed to smuggle small quantities of western components into the country. Big deal.

                  Over 1000 Orlan-10 drones with French 640x480@120Hz microbolometers https://lynred.com/sites/defau... [lynred.com]

                  Hundreds of Thales thermal sights on Russian tanks and helis https://www.barrons.com/news/f... [barrons.com]

                  Its not small numbers, its bulk sales of military grade components and systems under post Crimea embargo.

                  Fair enough, but in the grand scheme of things this is still chickenshit.

            • by jabuzz ( 182671 )

              No the story does not show plainly that sanctions haven't worked. What the story shows is that they have evaded export controls which is not the same thing.

              Russia has blown through huge amounts of it's military hardware with little or no prospect of replacing much of it while sanctions are in place, and much of a a crock of badly maintained shit to being with. If they are strapping off the shelf GPS systems to their jet fighters that should tell you everything. Then again it is clear that they have been una

            • You are being fed a pack of lies about where Russia stands in relation to the war, and its own situation. Time to tack a step back and think realistically about where they are based on data we know rather than what is claimed.

              So the country with a supposed nazi problem elected a jewish president? Because that wad Russia’s excuse for invading.

            • The problem with Chinese components, in particular semiconductors, it that it's the wild west out there, you've got tons of parts that are totally alien to the rest of the world. The feeling I get when I look at some of these parts is, if you've read "The Second Variety" or seen "Screamers", what China is producing for internal use is already IVs and Vs. These are like nothing you've seen in the west, the data sheets are often garbage so you need to get the actual data from a chat forum hosted on a server

          • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

            It's not just their military stuff either. Their civilian aircraft industry can't produce new airplanes or maintain existing ones due to a lack of European and US made parts. In time they might be able to replace engines and avionics with Russian ones, but they chose foreign parts because they are the best.

            For now they have some Western owned aircraft that they stole and are stripping for parts. They were leased to Russian airlines, but once the war started the Western leasing companies had to write them of

        • We're going to see though when China invades Taiwan...

          China are not going to invade Taiwan. How could they, and what would they possibly gain?

          The Chinese government is run by very cautious men who don't take huge risks. Especially huge risks that have no real payoff.

        • Sanctions are what has made Russia so rich it can afford to buy anything from anywhere.

          Glad I am not that rich.

        • Sanctions are what has made Russia so rich it can afford to buy anything from anywhere.

          This is why they now make cars without airbags and anti-lock brakes [businessinsider.com] /sarcasm

        • How realistically would you sanction all of India? Or especially all of China, which produces most of our stuff?

          You don't sell them anything you don't want to see show up in russia. Want a jet engine? Tough shit.

      • Indeed.

        There are consultants in the US who will buy anything for a price and route it anywhere in the world.

        They understand money and they love sanctions.

    • It's no mystery how Russia could have anything they want, they have lots of money, and even better lots of natural resources countries are desperate for (like oil) - any number of countries could have legally bought all of the American tech t hey wanted and then shipped it off to Russia.

      What are we really going to do if China or India is shipping American tech to Russia?

      So investigate how the components got there.

      Once you find the trail pressure the suppliers/middlemen in whatever way you can. Even if the folks responsible are in China or India those governments don't want their industries caught up in the sanctions. You can either sanction the companies directly or count on their governments to shut down those specific operations.

      You're never going to cut them off completely, but the better you enforce the sanctions the more expensive and lower quality the components they

      • There are also secondary sanctions (ie, sanctioning anyone who does business with the company you are trying to target, if you can't sanction that company itself).

  • They bought them through their local supplier, and despite what some moron in government thinks components don't all magically evaporate when a country is put under sanctions!

    Did I get it right?

    What kind of a stupid probe is this? We're not talking about North Korea here. Sanctions against Russia don't date back far enough to expect western technology to be absent from their military gear.

    • by gtall ( 79522 )

      "despite what some moron in government thinks components don't all magically evaporate when a country is put under sanctions!"

      Sure, this would never have occurred to the government inspectors. They were all born yesterday under a toadstool. Maybe you could tell them, I'm sure they'd listen to you.

  • China, duh (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Nocturrne ( 912399 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @04:38PM (#62634396)

    I've personally seen factories in China making versions of EU/US market products specifically for Iran, North Korea, and Russia - they don't even try to hide it FFS. There are a huge number of component traders as well.

    • Re:China, duh (Score:5, Insightful)

      by byromaniac ( 8103402 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @05:37PM (#62634494)
      Skimming through the report [conflictarm.com], it looks like a lot of the items were counterfeits (of unknown origin), and/or not export controlled and sold through typical distributors. So, this isn't about an export control failure as much as an effort to understand Russian supply chains.
    • Extra-shift production or just straight-up "you handle it" sales at a distance by"American" companies?

  • I know of US companies building oil facilities in Jordan... that has no oil, so that they can be reassembled in Iraq, or Libya buying water pumps and valves with specs requiring they support a viscosity != 1.0 so...

  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday June 19, 2022 @04:43PM (#62634404)

    There are so many counterfeit products coming out of China I wouldn't be the least bit surprised if a number of these "American" components are actually of Chinese origin. We're used to seeing Chinese manufactured chips, often based on technology gained via IP theft, carrying very genuine (sometimes indistinguishable) markings of western chips in USB controllers, motor controllers and CPUs. Sometimes the only way you can tell is through timing issues, or rare cases where they've actually fixed silicon bugs that still exist in the genuine articles.

    One of the weirdest cases I came across was actually remarking of genuine chips: TI BLE processors whose '40 markings had been removed and reprinted as '41 variants. The 40/41 chips are functionally identical with the exception of one having pins for USB slave functions, the other uses them for an extra SPI bus, though neither of those functions were used in the devices they were found in. One wonders why they'd even bother doing that or how they could even profit from it. We only discovered it when firmware updates failed because they were the wrong variant and started investigating further.

    • One wonders why they'd even bother doing that or how they could even profit from it.

      I'd guess that either they couldn't get the expected part, or could get the other part cheaper in some kind of fire sale.

  • Free enterprise, that's how. God bless Adam Smith, Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, Winston Churchill and Deng Xiaoping. Amen.

  • Comercial suppliers (Score:4, Informative)

    by HuskyDog ( 143220 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @05:47PM (#62634518) Homepage

    "Most of the items they are listing are available through any commercial computer parts supplier or digital parts supplier."

    If the parts in question are sold through any of the dozens of commercial electronic components suppliers around the world (like Digi-Key in the USA or RS Components here in the UK) and the number of parts required is modest (assuming perhaps one per cruise missile) then I think it will be very hard indeed to keep them out of the hands of the Russians.

    Anyone with a credit card can buy components from these suppliers so all the Russians have to do is get some of their diplomats or agents in various countries to buy some and then forward them in a diplomatic bag.

    • Yeah, right. As if. The world is having problems getting common chips just to build autos and appliances. The big corporations will have priority for years to come. Russia will have even more trouble getting its hands on the electronics it wants given the state of the supply chains.

      Just try to buy a new Rasberry Pi...they're practically unobtainium.
      • by djinn6 ( 1868030 )

        You don't need a state-of-the-art chip to guide a missile or drone. A 15 or 20-year old one is perfectly fine. Incidentally those are also what NASA uses on its space probes for reliability reasons. If those are good enough to land a rover in a crater on Mars, they're good enough to land a warhead on target in Ukraine.

        Unfortunately that means Russia can produce the chips themselves. If you're hoping they'd run out some day and Ukraine will win the war... don't hold your breath. And on a related note, if you

        • Unfortunately that means Russia can produce the chips themselves.

          Assuming, of course, that they can still get the supplies to run their own chip foundries.
          I wouldn't make that assumption.

          • by djinn6 ( 1868030 )

            Why do you think they can't get supplies to run their foundries? The one critical country with all of the rare earth minerals is China, which has not sanctioned Russia. Remember, we're talking about >100 nm technology here. They don't need those fancy lithography machines from the Netherlands.

            Not to mention, the assumption that the Russian lines would collapse due to a lack of supplies is dangerous. If that doesn't turn out to be true, they'll win. I'd much rather err on the side of assuming they can kee

            • Russia is embargoed for all foundry supplies including high purity chemicals, specialized machinery, etc. They're still working on getting 90nm etch tech and no country with the technology wants to supply them. There are a ton of articles in the tech industry on the challenges they face.
            • by Slayer ( 6656 )

              The Soviet army won against Nazi Germany to a large extent on US made trucks and artillery pieces. Without that support - and they certainly won't have this type of support now - it might have been a lot more difficult for them.

              • by djinn6 ( 1868030 )

                Lend lease definitely helped a lot. It amounted to ~30% of Soviet weapons. However, the fighting in Ukraine does not approach the intensity of WWII. There were 6 million active Soviet soldiers fighting Nazi Germany. Today there's about 200,000 Russians in Ukraine. The Soviets would have been able to supply 4 million soldiers without American support, and while I'm sure Russia today would not be able to do quite as well as the Soviets given the size difference, they would not be 20 times worse.

          • They are actually stealing it from Ukraine ...

        • that means Russia can produce the chips themselves. If you're hoping they'd run out some day and Ukraine will win the war... don't hold your breath.

          The Russians are literally having trouble producing and maintaining not only their fancy pants Armata tanks but also their modernized T-72s. They are dependent on foreign nations for parts for the fire control systems on both. Nice try though.

        • by sfcat ( 872532 )

          Unfortunately that means Russia can produce the chips themselves.

          Russia lacks any chip foundries. That's why they are stealing washing machines (they want the chips in them). If they could make chips, their tank factories wouldn't be idle while they deploy 60 year old tanks lacking modern optics with half the armor of a modern tank that can be destroyed at range by RPG-7s (that even the Taliban have). Those T-62s are rolling coffins and the Russian soldiers know it. That's why you are seeing Russians using tanks less and less as the war wears on.

      • The world is having problems getting common chips just to build autos and appliances.

        No. The world is having problems getting specific chips for their specific designs. Companies that are willing to tweak don't have much of a problem shipping anything.

        The big corporations will have priority for years to come.

        My credit card worked just fine the other day and I have a Mouser box here right now full of various ARM chips, regulators, hundreds of small components.

        Just try to buy a new Rasberry Pi...they're practically unobtainium.

        The Raspberry Pi is not a component. It's a product from a specific supplier who has *always* had problems meeting supply even before COVID or any of the supply chain problems.

        If this is your

  • If the current sanctions are stopping the supply of these chips, it may stop Russia making more of the weapons.

  • Besides recovering them from the enormous amount of electronic trash that the US 'recycles' to other countries.

  • because corporate greed always finds a way.
  • Go ask China and their Huawei subsidiaries..
  • Far too many American companies have been more than happy to sell ITAR based goods to Chinese companies that then sell them elsewhere.
    This was one of the areas that Trump got right by trying to stop this.
  • I'll bet you dollars to donuts the warmongering companies that make weapons for the US and allies also sell them through backdoor channels to the enemy. It's good for business for Pete's sake.
  • All electronics I've seen except old parts and equipment all were not made in USA. "Made in USA" items can be purchased by anyone on ebay.
  • People do realize Craigslist still exists right?

  • by LostMyBeaver ( 1226054 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @10:35PM (#62635032)
    If you're talking about a million dollar guidance system which has to be procured through a defined supply chain... sure... sanctions can actually work.

    But if you're talking about most semiconductors on the planet... then all you need is someone living in any country without sanctions to hop online, place and order and ... well that's it.
  • by Going_Digital ( 1485615 ) on Monday June 20, 2022 @05:46AM (#62635456)
    Oh, in pursuit of the lowest price, these American products are not produced in America but countries like China where they can easily run off a few thousand more and sell them to the highest bidder.
  • If it is illegal or at least sketchy, he is your man.

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