Become a fan of Slashdot on Facebook

 



Forgot your password?
typodupeerror
×
Movies News IT

Inside the Dying Art of Subtitling (cnet.com) 116

The wildly popular series Squid Game drew criticism for its English subtitles. Just how did those happen? CNET News: Subtitlers contend with unrealistic expectations, tight deadlines and competition from clunky machine translation. Often, their work goes underappreciated, under the radar. Sometimes Uludag would be sent a file to translate at 11 p.m. -- "and they would say we need it by 8 a.m." Without skilled subtitlers, movies such as historic Oscar winner Parasite are lost in translation. Yet the art of subtitling is on the decline, all but doomed in an entertainment industry tempted by cheaper emerging artificial intelligence technologies. Subtitlers have become a dying breed.

And this had been the predicament before the world started watching a little show called Squid Game. In 28 days, Squid Game leapfrogged Bridgerton as Netflix's most popular series ever. It also inadvertently started a global conversation about bad subtitles. While critics lauded the South Korean battle royale-themed drama for its polished production values, gripping story and memorable characters, many accused Netflix of skimping on the quality of Squid Game's English subtitles.

A prime example: Ali, the Pakistani laborer, shares a touching moment with Sang Woo, an embezzler who graduated from Korea's top university. Sang Woo suggests Ali call him hyung, instead of sajang-nim or "Mr. Company President." The term hyung literally translates as "older brother," a term used by a man to address an older man with whom he has formed a closer bond. That's Ali and Sang Woo. Yet, the line "Call me hyung" was translated as "Call me Sang Woo." A rare moment of compassion and humanity, amid all the gloom and gore, was lost. [...]

Yet Netflix, which abandoned its in-house subtitling program Hermes one year after its launch in 2017, is interested in a different area of translation: dubbing. It's not hard to see why. For example, 72% of Netflix's American viewers said they prefer dubs when watching Spanish hit Money Heist, Netflix's third most popular show ever. Unfairly criticized, underfunded and facing a lack of support from the entertainment industry, subtitlers are on the brink. At least the Squid Game controversy illuminated an unsung fact: Good subtitles are an exceptionally difficult art.

This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

Inside the Dying Art of Subtitling

Comments Filter:
  • Anime Subtitling (Score:4, Interesting)

    by kyoko21 ( 198413 ) on Tuesday July 05, 2022 @03:52PM (#62675888)

    I remember back in my college days when we had subtitled Maison Ikkoku, the translations we had weren't bad but they certainly weren't great either. We would have to correct the translations to make more sense because while they were "translated", but many times the meaning would be lost in the translation and even more if you didn't understand the scenes or even the previous scenes that setup the context.

    We had no idea what we were doing but luckily we had someone that at least understood some Japanese as me another guy were just very particular about the start and stop codes for each previous translations.

    To say those Saturday afternoons/evenings felt like an endless loop would be an understatement.

    *Godai-kun has entered the chat*

    • by Z00L00K ( 682162 )

      As one living in Sweden where we have basically only subtitles and they are usually pretty good even though there are occasional cases that are strange because they are "untranslateable". "Untranslateable" is mostly when you have certain jokes and sayings.

      Every time we experience dubbed movies and shows we just cringe badly. Dubbing also takes away a lot of local character of the movies and shows.

      Only animated are generally dubbed well, but then it's not as obvious that the dubbing isn't really breaking any

      • by shmlco ( 594907 )

        Another weird thing is that I've watched several foreign shows with subtitles turned on and which were apparently ALSO dubbed into English...

        And the subtitles and English dubbing don't match. Person on-screen says, "Hey! Get back to work!", subtitle said, "Are you lazy? Back to work!"

        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          by rgmoore ( 133276 )

          The sub and dub can be different because they have different requirements. Dubs have to match the timing- and frequently the approximate mouth movements- of the original. It's much easier in a sub, which doesn't have those extra requirements and thus can focus on getting the shade of meaning right.

          • Still it'd be nice to have the sub & dub match when you are watching that combination.

            I started watching the dub of Babylon Berlin (which was exceptionally well dubbed) but it suffered from that same issue. It felt too jarring to be a few episodes in and switch the language.

            Side note, when i watch BBC iPlayer with subtitles, they are colour-coded to the actor (and sometimes even positioned on the screen to give a cue as to who is speaking). I'm sure that takes more effort to do, but it's a real
        • by Megane ( 129182 )
          The term is "dubtitles".
      • by Joce640k ( 829181 ) on Tuesday July 05, 2022 @07:01PM (#62676472) Homepage

        Every time we experience dubbed movies and shows we just cringe badly. Dubbing also takes away a lot of local character of the movies and shows.

        Dubbing is much worse. It doesn't just take away the voice character of the original actor, it's often constrained in time so the translations are constrained to having approx the same number of syllables as the original. Languages don't work that way.

        • Dubbing can also be an enhancement, as has been shown by Rainer Brandt, a German dub author and actor. "The Persuaders" (known in Germany as "Die Zwei") was a more or less serious series with Roger Moore and Tony Curtis that didn't fare too well in the original but was a riot in German because Brandt made the dialogues a lot more interesting and funny [youtube.com]. He added lines spoken by characters with the back to the camera and also broke the 4th wall routinely to create a joke. E.g. "why do you say that?" "So the i

    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      by Aighearach ( 97333 )

      Anime has excellent subtitles in the vast majority of cases. Your example is from the early 1980s. Even things like Ah! My Goddess! from the late 80s has great subtitles, with the plot-related honorifics preserved. In the versions that didn't have that originally, the re-releases add it.

      Luckily, netfux isn't a usual source of anime, so they're not doing any damage in that area.

    • Subtitling Japanese (and undoubtedly many other languages) is kind of difficult, because there's obviously a ton of cultural nuance that is almost impossible to convey if you try to convert to normal English speech. There's no way to do a straightforward, lossless conversion, and have it still sound like normal English speech.

      For example, even something as mundane as personal titles can be tricky, since there really isn't an exact one-to-one mapping between Japanese and English forms of addressing someone.

      • On the other hand, a lot of subtitles are just crap. I don't speak Japanese but I do recognize titles, character's names, honorifics... and often the translations sub one for another. Even if it doesn't change the feeling of a scene, it just irritates me to read one while hearing another.

        • Oh, sure. Some translators are not very careful or respectful of the work. There are plenty of sloppy mistakes, as you mentioned, both in translation mistakes or English spelling / grammar. Or there are sometimes weird decisions, like just using a transliteration "onsen" instead of translating to "hot springs," which I don't understand. But worse that that is a recent trend of some translators to deliberately alter the meaning of dialog in very substantial ways, possibly because the original lines offen

  • by dpille ( 547949 ) on Tuesday July 05, 2022 @03:54PM (#62675896)
    72% of Americans answer "yes" when asked if they are irredeemably lazy. The other 28% didn't complete the survey.
    • It would be 72% of the people who answered, not 72% of the people asked.

      And the implication is that 28% will be unhappy with their service unless they do both well. That's a huge number. And in this case, a big portion of that 28% will be looking elsewhere. Maybe they can't always leave, but they'll be wanting to leave, they'll be ripe to switch, because if you prefer subs you want subs.

      Personally, on the services I use if it doesn't have subs I didn't even watch it. It doesn't exist to me. It doesn't count

      • by Anonymous Coward

        W H O O S H

    • I believe you have those numbers reversed.

  • Youtube's Upper Echelon [youtube.com] made a few videos about the absolute trainwreck one company is, and how it's symptomatic of that industry in general. The reason I bring it up is he mentions Quantic Lab lying about the quantity and quality of human translators on staff. IMO this translation problem is going to completely disappear in 10 years due to the availability of high quality machine translation but in the mean time the overarching problem seems to be poor ethics in outsourced video game work.
    • Youtube... IMO this translation problem is going to completely disappear in 10 years due to the availability of high quality machine translation

      I hope so, currently yt's machine translation thinks all Korean media is pornography, which is weird, because pornography is illegal in Korea. So it seems their current AI is making weird presumptions about euphemisms, which of course are always wrong in these cases.

      For example, Hyejeong cooks birthday lunch for her mom, and the subs claim she's talking about masturbation, instead of thank-you-for-raising-me.

  • When I watch spanish language shows with subtitles, I find the translations comical - a really clean plain version of what was actually said. A lot is lost in subtitles.

  • by fahrbot-bot ( 874524 ) on Tuesday July 05, 2022 @04:07PM (#62675926)

    Noting some fun with subtitles in the movie Snatch [wikipedia.org] here [tvtropes.org]:

    Mickey (Brad Pitt) is deliberately unintelligible as a response to complaints about hard-to-understand British actors in the director's previous film, and at certain points the film's subtitles resort to question marks. The DVD commentary reveals that Pitt came up with the gibberish on his own and even he has no idea what he is supposed to be saying.

    There is an option on the DVD to turn on "Pikey Subtitles," and display what Mickey and other Pikey characters are saying, but at one point even they are stumped and resort to the aforementioned "???".

    • Yes Pitt is sometimes unintelligible but Pikey is sometimes unintelligible to even Irish people. I have seen Irish people comment on his accent and most of the comments were the same: "That is a great Pikey accent, and I have no idea what he is saying."
  • by Junta ( 36770 ) on Tuesday July 05, 2022 @04:09PM (#62675936)

    You still need a solid translation to have a script for dub. So you can't get to a decent dub without material for a decent subtitle track.

    There's more specific work to do, but no more work than you need for captioning for hearing impaired audiences anyway. There's more possible work to do around layout, but it's been a long long time since I have seen anyone put significant effort into subtitling layout anyway.

    • by narcc ( 412956 )

      The least they could do is move the closed captions out of the way of any open captions, but they can't even be bothered to do that. Half the time they cover them up with something unimportant, like *Foreign Language*.

  • Personally, I prefer subtitles. If the original content is in a language I have some knowledge of I find it difficult not to try to lipread the original dialogue, which gets really distracting really fast.

    ...laura

  • The issue of unreasonable deadlines is very common in the media & advertising industry. It needs to change.
  • I can't wait for deepfaking dubs, where the mouth movements are altered to match the various languages the films are dubbed in. I also love it when the dubs are in the same accent as the native language. Jackie Chan redubbed a bunch of his movies and I've seen a few Indian dubs where that actual actors did their own English dubs.
  • First, it is retarded when the overlay subtitles over in-movie dialog subtitles for example when they are displaying a location/time or text in the movie. HD format is 16 by 9 aspect ratio whereas movies are more rectangular. When they are showing a film in letterbox mode, they display subtitles over the movie instead of within the horizontal black bars underneath. What is up with that?

  • How could you miss this opportunity?

  • if you want better subs buy the blu-ray. You'll also get touched up animation, sometimes significantly (DBZ Super is famous for this with some 1970s Gundam grade animation errors).

    Broadcast is always hit or miss, and streaming is more or less broadcast. It's been like that since I was a kid watching fansubs.
    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      Fan subs are usually they best. They are willing to assume a minimal amount of familiarity with Japanese language (things like -san and -chan honourifics), and don't do stupid things like trying to translate jokes about English to jokes about Spanish.

      • Plus, they don't have to, and usually don't, care about "wrong" language. Japanese culture is a lot less, let's say, coddling. Which is weird considering their obsession with tact that makes even the proverbial stereotypical English gentleman look like a brute, but some of the things that "go" in Japanese in Anime would never fly on TV here, and can't even be done in a commercial release without causing a shitstorm.

        No problem for a fansubber, of course. It's not like they have to deal with "decency" laws th

        • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

          Japanese has multiple levels of politeness. The one selected can often tell you a lot about the relationship between two characters. There isn't really a good way to translate it, so fansubs often just use the Japanese word and expect the viewer to learn it.

          For example, "mother" in Japanese is "ka". Normally people address their mother as "o-ka san", with the "san" being somewhat like "Ms" or "Mrs" and the "o" adding honour to something considered important. Other examples of the "o" prefix include "o-mizu"

          • This isn't easy to translate properly, but the nuances are very possible in other languages, too. People using titles instead of names for example is one way to convey that, another way is the tone in which it is said.

            The thing is that most times, especially when it comes to "kids" anime, the effort just isn't there. In my experience, more often than not the nuances are not lost in translation because it's not possible to do it, it's usually far more likely that whoever made the translation didn't know, or,

  • I'd believe it (Score:4, Interesting)

    by lsllll ( 830002 ) on Tuesday July 05, 2022 @04:46PM (#62676064)

    I've translated stories from Farsi to English and doing good translation is no picnic. Note that I didn't say my translations were good, but at times I've struggled with how to translate something in a meaningful way into English, sometimes resorting to footnotes to give a more descriptive narration of the author's intent, something you can't do in subtitles. So I cringe when I come across watching a foreign movie with bad subtitles and will either look for better subtitles, or put the movie off for later watching if I can't find a suitable subtitle, because subtitles can make or break a viewing experience.

    And in regard to "72% of Netflix's American viewers said they prefer dubs when watching Spanish hit Money Heist," I'd completely believe that. Among friends, or in a movie club I once belonged to, nobody wanted to watch something with subtitles, and because of that they literally cut themselves off a world of entertainment. I can see why people who may not be interested in subtitles might be interested in dubbed version, because it's at least better than nothing. But for those of us who don't have an aversion to subtitles, we always rather have subtitles than dubs. Part of watching something in a foreign language is KNOWING at all times that you're watching something that's not from your culture. Watching Money Heist dubbed would have ruined it for me.

  • If you build a subtitling system, you have only two alternatives:
    1) either be hired by the hollywood studios
    2) or subtitle pirated movies

    Basically this economics makes it impossible to create subtitling system, because you can never be sure if hollywood studios are interested in your work. If studios fail to nurture the subtitling industry, the technology ends up being used in the pirate area.

    This is all lose-lose proposition for technology vendors. Basically it's not worth the time to creat

    • by narcc ( 412956 )

      Oh, no. A business venture might carry risk! Say it isn't so!

      If your product is good and lowers costs, it will sell. If not, then it won't.

      It's not like there isn't a need for good tools to produce open/closed captions. Fortune awaits anyone with the skills and the courage to make it happen.

  • I recently encountered a funny example of something missed in translation, I watched the first few episodes of a Korean show about a Korean orphan who was adopted by an Italian mafia chief, whose consigliere he eventually becomes. When his adoptive father dies, the mafioso's biological son sends an emissary to the Korean telling him that he does not want him around and should go back to Korea. The audio is mostly in Korean, but in this scene it is in Italian, with Korean subtitles. The Korean subtitles translate the Korean's response as: gada! "go away!". What he actually said in Italian was: "Go get fucked up the ass!". (I initially wrote the Korean in hangul but /. won't display it. Harumph.)
    • Expletives are often hard to translate because they have an implied meaning that is often very divergent from what is actually said. When you tell someone to go to hell, you usually don't expect him to know the way and actually starts descending into the pits of hell.

      It's also safe to assume that "fuck you" is usually not an invitation to intercourse.

  • I'm sure there would be more to it, but if we can shift faces to look more like someone else couldn't we also cover up mouth movements or stretch them out to match a different language track?

    Yes, having a plan ahead of time might work best (green screen that area or something). But I know there was talk about scanning/recording actors and then rendering the movie without them moving a muscle again. Didn't seem to happen, but time should only make this more possible.

  • The art of the samples is dying. Maybe the author should have used a car metaphor.

    Iâ(TM)ve not seen squid game, so I canâ(TM)t speak to the quality of the English subs in general.

    However the example given assumes that the English reader has the context that âoeolder brotherâ is a sign of endearment and familiarity between 2 men of differing ages.

    However changing from a more formal Mr. Something to a persons name is a sign of familiarity in English. Could it have been better, possibly, ma

  • ... a different area of translation: dubbing.

    In China, essentially all movies are dubbed into Chinese: Sometimes, one can unplug one speaker and hear the original audio.

    The USA has a similar fascination with dubbing: Australian movies had to be dubbed into American.

    Some movies are designed with dubbing in mind: With the director avoiding close-ups and extreme close-ups for long conversations.

  • by VeryFluffyBunny ( 5037285 ) on Tuesday July 05, 2022 @06:06PM (#62676286)
    ..and how does dubbing overcome the issue of poor translations? Whether it's rendered on the screen as text or read out loud by a voice actor, it's still a crappy translation that loses subtlety, nuance & important interpersonal moments. Fine if all you want to watch is MCU, which is basically Paw Patrol for grown ups but if you want real, human drama, how are they going to do that in a TV & film world where hits are coming from all over the world in different languages? And most dubbing actors do a piss poor job of reading out the original actors' lines. I pretty much avoid dubbed films altogether.
    • It doesn't, but the translations for dubbing are different than the translations for subbing, because the speech in dubs has to take roughly as long to say as the original.

  • Maybe I missed it here, but with all of the complaints about the quality of subtitling, the complaints for dubbing have focused on things like presentation (less skilled voice actors, distractions from timing differences, etc.), but not so much the quality of the dubbing script. Are they (subtitles, dubbing scripts) typically equally bad translations, or does a dubbing script become an alternative source for subtitles? What are the differences between organizations that translate for subtitle versus organ
  • So instead of a subtitle saying "Call me Sang Woo", you'll just hear audio that says "Call me Sang Woo".
  • Not only do you have to deal with idiomatic expressions that may have either no equivalent or one that is wildly different (from an objective viewpoint), but there is also the fact that even some literal statements can have a much stronger/weaker connotation in the target language vs the source language.

    You throw in a rushed deadline and of course mistakes will be made, including comically terrible ones.

    That's why there is an Italian expression "Traduttore, traditore", which is usually translated as "The tr

  • The problem with dubbing is that the dubbing actors are not as good actors as the actual actors. You might not understand the language, but you certainly understand the intonation.
      Furthermore, who says the dialog they actually say is any more true to the original than the subtitles?

    What we need is one language in one stereo channel, and the other in the other, and learn to process both at once. Improve NI, Natural Intelligence!

  • I've noticed that dubbing is preferred in bigger nations where there are many original works available in their native language, thus creating a preference for it, and there are many voice over actors available for dubbing foreign films. Conversely, smaller nations produce much fewer films themselves, there are fewer actors for voice over work, and the majority of films shown are foreign, non-dubbed. There are approximately a million or so speakers of my native language, so it figures that there aren't enou
  • There are amusing errors in subtitling, and some deliberate inconsistencies.

    Way back in the late 1960s I watched Un homme et une femme [wikipedia.org] in French with English subtitles. At one point, the hero is driving a night session of the Grand Prix auto race. His navigator warns, "Épingle de cheveux droite," and he turns sharply right, but the subtitle says "Hairpin turn left." Similarly, French spoken "gauche" becomes "right" in the English subtitle. My Francophonic brain cells were fine, but the English readin

  • In the American screenings of Le Roi de coeur [wikipedia.org], which I watched several New Years' at the Biograph theater in Washington DC, double feature with A Thousand Clowns, the protagonist is an English Army Signaller in France as the Germans are retreating toward the end of The Great War (to end war, but now referred to as "World War I"). He mostly speaks French, but at one point he sends a written message by carrier pigeon to his army superiors. The written message shows on the screen in English. The original mov

He who steps on others to reach the top has good balance.

Working...