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United States Businesses China

American Factories Are Making Stuff Again As CEOs Take Production Out of China (nationalreview.com) 215

Long-time Slashdot reader schwit1 quotes a (paywalled) article from Bloomberg: There has been a sense in financial circles that the fever among American executives to shorten supply lines and bring production back home would prove short-lived. As soon as the pandemic started to fade, so too would the fad, the thinking went.

And yet, two years in, not only is the trend still alive, it appears to be rapidly accelerating.

"This is just economics," says one executive who made the move

National Review shared some telling excerpts from the article: The construction of new manufacturing facilities in the US has soared 116% over the past year... There are massive chip factories going up in Phoenix: Intel is building two just outside the city; Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing is constructing one in it. And aluminum and steel plants that are being erected all across the south... Scores of smaller companies are making similar moves, according to Richard Branch, the chief economist at Dodge.

Not all are examples of reshoring. Some are designed to expand capacity. But they all point to the same thing — a major re-assessment of supply chains in the wake of port bottlenecks, parts shortages and skyrocketing shipping costs that have wreaked havoc on corporate budgets in the US and across the globe....

In January, a UBS survey of C-suite executives revealed the magnitude of this shift. More than 90% of those surveyed said they either were in the process of moving production out of China or had plans to do so. And about 80% said they were considering bringing some of it back to the US. (Mexico has also become a popular choice.)

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American Factories Are Making Stuff Again As CEOs Take Production Out of China

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  • by r2kordmaa ( 1163933 ) on Sunday July 10, 2022 @06:43AM (#62689924)
    Covid hasnt faded in China and isn't about to any time soon. Political risks are highest they have been in decades and the country is locked down indefinitely. Its uninvestable.
    • by Midnight Thunder ( 17205 ) on Sunday July 10, 2022 @07:00AM (#62689954) Homepage Journal

      Covid hasnt faded in China and isn't about to any time soon. Political risks are highest they have been in decades and the country is locked down indefinitely. Its uninvestable.

      Certainly, but we also have to accept that while manufacturing comes back to the USA, it won't necessarily be with the same number of jobs as in China. There will be a a greater effort to automate where possible, partly due to higher employment costs.

      • More of a demand for a living wage and better working conditions. Also while they say Mexico, Canada is also an option as well.

      • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

        by timeOday ( 582209 )
        For the moment anyways there is a labor shortage in the US anyways.
        • No, there's a wage shortage. Another way of saying it is that there's a housing shortage, because there literally is that in many places, and housing costs have gone up significantly everywhere (and far more than anything else.) But employers aren't offering enough to live on, then they're complaining that they can't find workers. There's no worker shortage. There's a jobs-that-pay-a-living-wage shortage.

          • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

            by Luckyo ( 1726890 )

            No, there's an actual labor shortage. One look at demographic pyramid will tell you why. Boomers are retiring, and following generations are too small to replace them.

            You can't buy new workers if they're not there. It takes 19 years to get a legal adult from conception to entry into workforce. You cannot accelerate this growth with more wages. Cloning of adults with relevant skills is very far away.

            • by ShanghaiBill ( 739463 ) on Sunday July 10, 2022 @09:24AM (#62690292)

              It takes 19 years to get a legal adult from conception to entry into workforce. You cannot accelerate this growth with more wages.

              We can accelerate it with immigration.

              • Indeed. We need to stop exporting manufacturing to China and start importing China for manufacturing. What a genius idea! I'm sure your conservative ilk will love the idea of more immigrants.

                • Another good idea is to start exporting manufacturing to central/south America. That way we diversify our manufacturing base without requiring that a bunch of immigrants uproot from their home country (with all the problems accompanying that).

              • by Luckyo ( 1726890 )

                That's the main reason why US is one of the small handful of industrialized nations that has replacement generations in meaningful numbers.

                Want to see a real problem? Look up demographic profiles of Germany or China.

                But whether US can increase immigration to levels needed to sustain the new normal of very few children per woman is something that remains to be seen. Or whether other nations will allow US to drain them of their already small amount of youth.

              • by kackle ( 910159 )

                We can accelerate it with immigration.

                Please, no. I see nothing wrong with a shrinking population, in fact, it seems like a responsible thing to do.

            • by quonset ( 4839537 ) on Sunday July 10, 2022 @09:38AM (#62690324)

              No, there's an actual labor shortage. One look at demographic pyramid will tell you why. Boomers are retiring, and following generations are too small to replace them.

              No. Just no. There is no labor shortage except in a few edge cases. Employers have been saying they can't find workers since I graduated college decades ago. They said it during the Bush (the first one) depression, they said it during the Bush (the second one) recession, they said it when people lost their jobs during covid. There is literally, in the truest sense of the word, no time when employers aren't whining they can't find people to fill jobs.

              If employers were serious about hiring people they'd ditch the automated software which weeds out perfectly good candidates. They wouldn't worry if the person is a perfect fit, but rather someone close enough who could be brought up to speed.

              But they won't. It's far easier to whine they can't find people, no matter the situation.

              • But they won't. It's far easier to whine they can't find people, no matter the situation.

                Whining about the lack of "willing workers" is a strategy for mooching government subsidies through lower taxes and temporary worker visas.
                Also, a justification for outsourcing.
                Preferably while mooching off the government on account of being a "jawbs pro-wider".

                • If you look at my posting history you'll find I am against companies being welfare queens. If you can spend $3 billion to buy back stock in one year, you can afford to build your own plant without the taxpayers footing the bill.

              • Employers have been saying they can't find workers since I graduated college decades ago.

                That's because you're generalising. The reality is only specific employers have been saying that about very specific industries. And those industries change with changes in consumers behaviour and employment demographics over time.

                I remember people saying they can't get enough IT people. I remember people saying they can't get enough engineers. I remember people saying they can't get enough hospitality workers or doctors.

                I also remember people saying they can't get any IT jobs because of a saturated market.

              • by Luckyo ( 1726890 )

                You're confusing narrative with reality. Narrative of "not being able to find workers (because we don't pay enough to attract them, but they exist)" and "you need to pay workers more to attract them (but there aren't any available, so all you'll do is increase inflation)" are both stupid. The difference is that former narrative is indeed a thing of last two decades, while the latter is now.

                And reality of demographics doesn't care for narratives.

            • No, it's still a wage issue.

              Labor force participation is low compared to recent decades. Some of those people will never join the workforce, but there are plenty who would if you pay more.

              For example, there's a lot of stay-at-home parents who would like to work, but daycare would consume all of their paycheck. So they don't work because it literally makes everything worse. Pay more, or offer daycare as a benefit, and those people would start working.

              • by sjames ( 1099 )

                Exactly this. It should surprise nobody that people will not work for a loss. But we live in an era of entitled employers. There have even been a few who advertised "paid internships" meaning you pay them to allow you to be an intern (admittedly very few).

                It's funny seeing fast food franchise owners moaning about how much making sandwiches all day sucks and then moaning about how nobody will make sandwiches all day in return for minimum wage so they can make a drudgery free profit. Some even moan about how

      • by Opportunist ( 166417 ) on Sunday July 10, 2022 @08:46AM (#62690194)

        Likely, but jobs create other jobs. For example, factory workers want to eat something for lunch, so a few restaurants will come into existence.

        A manufacturing job doesn't just create one job position but there's quite a few that follow behind.

      • Depends. Guaranteed availability is worth money. It may well be that the Chinese ot Vietnamese sweatshop can make it and ship it for almost free, but if you're not going to see it for months, if ever, then paying American minimum wage may be a net savings.

      • Automated factories also tend to produce higher quality goods. When factories moved to Chine, due to cheap labor, they de-automated. When they move back to the US the automation will mean higher quality goods.
      • I don't think that anyone(a few idiots who are incapable of imagining the future as anything except a faithful restoration of their nostalgic imagination of the past probably excepted) is expecting this to revitalize the rust belt and bring back the single-income family whose breadwinner started just out of high school(especially since, even at the time, when china was barely relevant, those high-quality blue collar jobs reflected a labor movement that is now a shadow of its former self); but returning some
      • by tlhIngan ( 30335 )

        Certainly, but we also have to accept that while manufacturing comes back to the USA, it won't necessarily be with the same number of jobs as in China. There will be a a greater effort to automate where possible, partly due to higher employment costs.

        You make it sound like it's a bad thing.

        Would you believe that the average American worker is roughly about 5 times as productive as a Chinese worker? That is, the economic output of that one American worker equals that to around 5 Chinese workers?

        What makes Am

    • by Opportunist ( 166417 ) on Sunday July 10, 2022 @07:21AM (#62690000)

      It's not only that. China simply isn't a trustworthy business partner anymore. And note how I say China and not Chinese companies. These companies may want to be, but they aren't allowed to by the CCP. They will steal your designs, copy them and sell them dirt cheap while pretending to work for you. They have a history of stealing R&D and so far, the damage didn't outweigh the profit, but we're passing that mark now that people have less money and will rather reach for the cheap knockoff, not because they want to save money but simply because they can't afford your expensive brand goods anymore.

      With manufacturing back in the US, not only does it protect your investment and your R&D, it also means more money in the pockets of your customers which enables them to buy your stuff again. Because believe it or not, they know that the cheap Chinese knockoffs are crap. If they could afford the stuff you make, they would gladly do so.

    • Yes and no. The trend of factories coming back to the states started 15 years ago. As the 2007 gas spike made it suddenly unaffordable to ship. Factories take decades to move. Covid and current gas prices are acceleratong a trend started a long time ago.

      A trend driven initially bybthe Chinese government policies of stealing tech.

      Combined with it is no longer the source of cheapest labor

    • by Luckyo ( 1726890 ) on Sunday July 10, 2022 @09:02AM (#62690234)

      They're also running out of working age people. One child policy came home to roost. Chinese work force is now more expensive than pretty much all the nations around China, and notably more expensive than Mexican work force.

      And Chinese factory owners are struggling to find workers even at those new high wages. All while the Chinese economic model of "shove capital into anything that produces jobs regardless of viability, because workers who have no work go on Long Marches, and that's how current leadership got their jobs" is failing due to lack of capital. As seen in the slow collapse of the real estate market and increasing funding demands from local governments that traditionally raised capital from land sales to real estate developers.

      • I think China wages are only high nearer to the coast.

        If you go further West, I think they are relatively lower - for now.

        But of course that brings out a bunch of other issues regarding logistics to move things to and from the ports which will be 1000s of km away, especially if a province or city in the middle gets shut due to covid. Not to mention the extra cost / complexity in logistics, even if everything moves smoothly.

        • by Luckyo ( 1726890 )

          We're talking about factory worker wages. Most of the manufacturing is concentrated in specific geographic areas such as Guangdong province. The rest of the nation gets their growth primarily from investments, which is basically recycled income streams from the small handful of actually productive provinces.

    • Covid hasnt faded in China and isn't about to any time soon. Political risks are highest they have been in decades and the country is locked down indefinitely. Its uninvestable.

      It took Russia to invade Ukraine for corporations to realize that authoritarian regimes can go batshit crazy on you at a whim, so they might not be the best countries for long-term investments.

  • For the rest of us its just means more expensive for little or no quality improvement.
    • There was a time when American made meant the best for a lot of things. Hell, even American cars were the best through the sixties. Chrysler of all companies used to be a technology leader!

      The seventies is approximately when everything went to shit in the name of faster cheaper more profitable. We outsourced all the production that was no longer profitable here when you had competition. In the USA you see a sharp decline in quality of most goods at that specific point. Cast metal replaced with sheet, sheet

      • Well, we want cheaper and cheaper. A TV set in the 1970s when my parents bought their first one was around 300 or 400 bucks. About the same it costs today, right? The difference is that my dad pretty much also earned those 400 bucks a month, To me that's closer to a day's income.

        That's the difference here. My mother had kitchen appliances that lasted for years. Decades even. And they better, considering that their price tag. Today you pay 50 bucks for a mixer and wonder why it breaks within a year. Well, 50

        • Companies were not driven by quarterly profits as much in the 70s, they didn't need to sell you a new one every year to keep the numbers up. The fridge my parents had in their garage lasted for over 60 years, you just can't buy anything like it anymore. It was eventually ruined by rodents, not because it stopped working.

          Like this but it was pink:
          https://midcenturychicago.blog... [blogspot.com]

        • by bn-7bc ( 909819 )
          Not to mention todays tv has a rather karger display area, better resolution, better colour etc. But then again todays tvs are way easier to asseble a bcb with a few components, a psu a few speakers and a panel you get as a more or less sealed mass produced unit from one of the big display manufacturers. No delicate analogue tuners, no high voltage drivers for the crt, no fragile, heavy, and bulky crt.
        • That's the difference here. My mother had kitchen appliances that lasted for years. Decades even. And they better, considering that their price tag. Today you pay 50 bucks for a mixer and wonder why it breaks within a year. Well, 50 bucks is pretty much also what she paid for hers. Only that those 50 bucks had a lot more value back in that day.

          You can't expect quality when you are not willing to pay for it.

          Indeed.

          Fortunately, there's a fair bit of kit where you can pay extra and get the reliability, by buyi

          • The computer screens I'm sitting in front of right now are from 2005. 22", non-glare. Cost 800 a piece back then. But given their lifetime and the quality I got out of them throughout that lifetime, I dare say they were eventually not only cheaper but also of higher quality than a series of cheap ones.

            Same for those Sennheiser 363Ds. Had them for about 10 years now. Still working. Still great. Only thing I had to switch from time to time were the ear pads because ... no matter how you take care of them, eve

      • That was also the point of the rise of the attitude that corporations should be managed for the shareholders instead of for the health, vitality, and lifetime of the corporation. In the game of what came first, the chicken or the egg, I believe the start was when corporate raiders started forcing this new attitude on healthy corporations. Because we haven't reversed that mistake, any serious attempt to bring factory jobs back to America will result in long-term continuous inflation and destruction of choice
        • That was also the point of the rise of the attitude that corporations should be managed for the shareholders instead of for the health, vitality, and lifetime of the corporation. In the game of what came first, the chicken or the egg, I believe the start was when corporate raiders started forcing this new attitude on healthy corporations.

          Oh, I've read this one before! You're one of the guys who bought into the Japanese Threat in the 1980s! That was hilarious. The Japanese economy was looking good and, the novelization of that went, "They plan ahead in decades! CENTURIES! While American corporations are just looking at NEXT QUARTER! We are all doomed to become slaves of the Japanese Empire!"

          Which all turned out to be true, of course, but shut up and enjoy your soylent green, grandpa-san. You can shout at clouds after dinner and your nap.

        • I believe the 70s were when smog controls came into being, which was a real problem for American car manufacturers. It went downhill, quickly... ...and the rest is history.

      • by fermion ( 181285 )
        Not in my lifetime. We bought a Honda. The sales people treated my mother like a real customer. Good warranty. American made were teens picking up dates.
        • Not in my lifetime. We bought a Honda. The sales people treated my mother like a real customer. Good warranty. American made were teens picking up dates.

          My anecdote differs from yours: Hondas suck. Have two. They break more than my Chevy did twice their age and the dealers don't acknowledge that my report of the issue for the past three trips should be respected even though we are just now out of warranty.

    • True. I've been buying a motor from an American manufacturer for 15 years. What I used to get for less than $200 is now around $325 and instead of a 16-20 week lead time, it's now 35 weeks. What's worse is that a different motor from the same manufacturer is no longer being made and a substitute would be three times as expensive (from $200 to $600) and they want $10,000 NRE and $5000 for tooling. It wasn't always this way. Not too long ago, they were willing to make certain modifications e.g. output sh

    • I think you will find that there will be significant quality improvement with little cost increase. When manufacturing went from US to China many processes were de-automated and done by hand because Chinese labor was so cheap. That's why quality was often so poor. When that manufacturing comes back, many things will be done by a robot which will produce higher quality goods. The robot will be slightly more expensive than Chinese manual labor but not much (because the cost of Chinese labor has increased)
      • Wishful thinking. From what I can discern, nearly nothing is or was done by robots. About the only thing that robots do are produce semiconductors and weld and paint cars.

        The US has a deficit of skilled labor to operate things like milling machines. That is how stuff is actually produced, not by robots, both in China and the US. If you're lucky, maybe with computer numerically-controlled machines.

        • by hdyoung ( 5182939 ) on Sunday July 10, 2022 @11:46AM (#62690644)
          You’re only sorta correct about milling machines. Fully manual ones are rarely used for real manufacturing, but fully robotic ones are few and far between. I’ve toured quite a few medium-sized US manufacturing facilities. Generally they involve about a hundred thousand square feet with anywhere between 50-150 employees. Some sort of engineer/master machinist (call them what you want) programs and sets up a series of semi-automated mills or lathes. A high-school-level blue-collar type then attends several of the systems simultaneously. Exactly what this person does depends on the details of the machine. Often it’s loading and unloading of individual parts or feedstock or racks of parts, making sure coolant lines and sprays and gas flows are functioning properly, doing spot precision checks, and generally being there to hit the red button if there’s a problem.

          In other words, quite a few people still doing full work days on the shop floor. When people on slashdot think of “automation” they really mean “lights-out manufacturing” ie fully automated no people required so just turn the lights out and let it run. Wikipedia claims there are “many of these” but I’ve never seen one. I know they exist but whenever you read an article about the topic, you hear mention of a 3-d printing facility in australia, certain rooms in TSMC or Intel, and one Japanese robotics factory. In other words, a lot of people talk about it, but not widespread yet.

          The US government tried to design a lights-out facility for vehicles. Musk tried for something like 95% automation at the beginning of Tesla’s scale-up effort and abandoned it. Hairless beach-apes are still required.
  • Now would be the ideal time to pass legislation that would ensure a certain amount of production is retained and/or diversified amongst many nations. Like it or not, the supply chain is in fact a national security issue which means it must be made to be robust enough to avoid another massive collapse, even if it incurs additional costs to businesses. We've seen that there is in fact a single point of failure and it's high time we rectify the situation.

    It might be "economics" now to make things in the US b

    • by fermion ( 181285 )
      What we should be worried about is building factories the environment canâ(TM)t support. My question is where to these chip fabs, that use a lot of water, get water in phoenix.
  • The way the new CCP policies are going and the possibility of Red China invading Taiwan, companies are getting out while the getting is good.
  • Just-in-time also needs to die. Having an actual stock of materials and parts needed for manufacturing would provide much-needed insurance against supply chain problems.
  • 116%. Wowee! Except that is probably just a return to normal after pandemic shutdowns. The US does not have the skilled workers or knowhow to make most things that are made in China at anything approaching the price from China. US manufacturing is mainly for big ticket items, like the machines that make other machines.

  • War with China (Score:4, Insightful)

    by slazzy ( 864185 ) on Sunday July 10, 2022 @11:00AM (#62690516) Homepage Journal
    The war with China will be starting soon, best to get your production out of the country. Not sure if it will be a cold war or a hot war after they take over Taiwan, but it's going to change the world for sure. China really admires how Russia is taking back Ukraine and they will do the same with Taiwan soon.
    • I think China has to be crazy if they think Russia is doing a good job in Ukraine.

      And considering that alot of fabs (TSMC) are in Taiwan (with promises to blow them up the moment a Chinese soldier steps foot on Taiwan), I think China will have to consider that they will have alot more backlash / self inflicted economic problems with no chips from Taiwan.

      Not to mention sanctions and probably an ongoing guerilla warfare in Taiwan for the long term, even if they manage to capture the whole island.

    • Look how the Ukraine war set back climate progress by years, disrupted world trade and will cause famines in Africa - large scale war is no longer an option. The China-Taiwan issue is not for armchair pundits, it is a bright-red-line issue for China and best to keep the status quo. If you want war with China, it is easy, just declare Taiwan independent or deploy a US base there; China will attack and the US can decry their 'unprovoked' invasion on the world stage. Increasing the cold war rhetoric and paint
  • This trend has been going on for years. Higher shipping costs and supply chain disruptions accelerated it, but there's another big reason: labor costs just don't matter as much anymore. Manufacturing is way more automated than it used to be. Companies spent 40 years chasing cheap labor around the world. But a modern factory only needs maybe 10% as many workers as it did 40 years ago. When labor isn't your main cost anymore, you start optimizing for other things like shipping costs and the speed of gett

  • I think all other alternatives were exhausted, considering that you can't get anything manufactured and shipped in reasonable time in 2022.

After a number of decimal places, nobody gives a damn.

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