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Spain Puts Limits on Air Conditioning and Heating To Save Energy (theguardian.com) 165

Spain has announced new energy-saving measures, including limits on air conditioning and heating temperatures in public and large commercial buildings, as it becomes the latest European country to seek to reduce its energy consumption and its dependence on Russian oil and gas. From a report: Under a decree that comes into effect in seven days' time and applies to public buildings, shopping centres, cinemas, theatres, rail stations and airports, heating should not be set above 19C (66.2F) and air conditioning should not be set below 27C (80.6F). Doors will need to be closed so as not to waste energy, and lights in shop windows must be switched off after 10pm. The premises in question will be required to display signs or screens that explain the energy-saving initiatives. Although Spain is not as dependent on Russian energy supplies as many other EU countries, it has agreed to a 7-8% reduction in gas use. The measures, which were published in Tuesday's edition of the official state gazette, will remain in force until November 2023. "[This] lays out a series of measures to save energy and use it more efficiently, which are urgent and necessary when it comes to reducing energy consumption in general, and reducing our dependence on energy outside the Spanish economy," the decree said.
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Spain Puts Limits on Air Conditioning and Heating To Save Energy

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  • by thegarbz ( 1787294 ) on Wednesday August 03, 2022 @01:58PM (#62759852)

    There are a few countries where it's common practice to freeze your tits off in the middle of summer because you didn't bring a jumper to the heavily airconditioned public building.

    Offices too. I hate how cold our office is in summer. This ain't the 30s. I'm not wearing a vest at my desk.

    • Like the giant mall that is Singapore
    • by antdude ( 79039 )

      Others and I remember working in cold labs because of all the computers, etc. We had to wear jackets!

      • If there is a technical reason for it then that is quite different. I'm not proposing butchers turn up the AC in their freezer either. :-)

    • Offices too. I hate how cold our office is in summer.

      Chance would be a fine thing. The office where I used to work (before WFH) is like an oven in summer and a freezer in winter. It is a typical 60's factory/office, with a big uninsulated roof, and big windows round the offices. We did get some AC for the office/lab area, but I would not say the result was comfortable, summer or winter.

      Perhaps there is a problem that in a climate which is naturally uncomfortably hot, keeping the office air cool is a demonstration of superior social status.

  • by smooth wombat ( 796938 ) on Wednesday August 03, 2022 @02:14PM (#62759938) Journal
    Recently, France ordered all businesses to close their doors when air conditioners are running [theguardian.com]. Yes, you read that correctly. Businesses would have their doors wide open while the a/c was on.

    Reminds me of Las Vegas where a few of the casinos had air curtains instead of doors. Walking on the sidewalk and you could feel the cold air gushing out. But don't blame casinos when there are brown outs. They're doing their part to conserve energy in a desert.
    • by jbengt ( 874751 )

      Yes, you read that correctly. Businesses would have their doors wide open while the a/c was on.

      I've done a few HVAC projects in hangars and locomotive maintenance shops, and they would often have their doors wide open in the middle of winter when it was well below freezing.

    • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

      I've walked down fifth avenue in New York during a hot summer and all the stores have their doors open. It advertises how nice and cool their AC is and makes you want to go inside.

  • I had cousins that lived not too far from MorÃn and their house was awful for insulation. In the summer they needed AC all the time and in the winter had to rely on heat to keep the house comfortable. As I recall none of the windows were really well insulated (no double panes or anything), and the exterior door was uninsulated metal. The house did not seem to be well insulated at all. And this was in a fairly recently-constructed neighborhood, about 10 years ago.

  • by steveha ( 103154 ) on Wednesday August 03, 2022 @05:19PM (#62760534) Homepage

    I live in the Seattle area, and I had a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) installed. It is extremely efficient.

    In the ground behind our house there is about 800 feet (244 metres) of pipes buried below the frost line. The pipes are filled with a mixture of water and anti-freeze. The heat pump can transfer heat from the house to the yard or vice-versa to respectively cool or heat the house.

    The web site for our GSHP says it should be 400% efficient as installed. What this means is that if our GSHP spends 100 Watts of electricity, it can move 400 Watts of heat around. (Obviously no closed system could ever be more than 100% efficient, and really couldn't quite be 100% efficient; but a GHSP is not a closed system, it's a system that steals heat from one spot to move it to another.)

    The month of July was unusually hot for this area. In fact the temperatures were high enough that the weather service issued scary warning bulletins. We had about a week of temperatures in the 90 - 96 degrees F range (32 - 36 degrees C). (People in Arizona and Texas would laugh at bulletins for this level of heat, but it's way beyond what's usual for this area.)

    Our GSHP reported that for the whole month, cooling our home to 74 degrees F (23 degrees C), it used 108 kWh of electricity. At our current electrical rates that's $12 worth of electricity. That's for the whole house; it's 2150 square feet (about 200 square metres).

    Unfortunately it's not possible for someone in Spain to snap their fingers and magically get a GSHP. And, the expense of burying the pipes in the ground is significantly higher than the expense of an air-source heat pump or other solution. But our GSHP works so well that I have to hope that this technology will see wider use in the future.

    And, if places like Spain installed more solar power, then on the hottest days they would have extra electricity to help their energy grid out.

    https://www.epa.gov/rhc/geothermal-heating-and-cooling-technologies [epa.gov]

    • by pjt33 ( 739471 )

      This sounds like a solution which is more suited to rural than urban housing, and more than 80% of Spain's population live in cities. As an indication of how difficult it can be to bury pipes in the ground, there are well-off but older neighbourhoods in my city which still have septic tanks.

      With respect to solar power: while you're not wrong, to put it in context Spain is in the top 10 countries for both percentage of electricity produced by solar power and total energy produced by solar power. And it gets

      • by steveha ( 103154 )

        This sounds like a solution which is more suited to rural than urban housing

        It's certainly easier to retrofit in rural housing. My point is that maybe going forward when new buildings are being built, they could plan this in. Much easier to do then.

        As an indication of how difficult it can be to bury pipes in the ground, there are well-off but older neighbourhoods in my city which still have septic tanks.

        Interesting. Thanks for telling about it.

    • While GSHP is a great technology it is also by far the most expensive to implement and most difficult to retrofit. It is also impossible to retrofit in inner cities making it a poor choice for much of Europe thanks to high urbanisation rates and the style of buildings. The focus here is on ASHP but even then they are finding problems with installing these as a retrofit.

    • GSHPs are the gold standard in terms of efficiency, but they also come with a much bigger capital cost, and are not possible in a lot of locations due to the land area requirements to run the loops or wells.

      ASHPs are the "good enough" answer. They still capture the bulk of the efficiency gains, but have much lower capital costs. Their main problem is that they don't work at extreme cold temperatures, but that's limited to a relatively small area of the world, and in areas where you get extreme cold for only

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