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Earth Technology

Saudi Arabia 'Forced To Scale Back' Plans For Desert Megacity (theguardian.com) 199

An anonymous reader quotes a report from The Guardian: It was billed as a glass-walled city of the future, an ambitious centerpiece of the economic plan backed by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to transition Saudi Arabia away from oil dependency. Now, however, plans for the mirror-clad desert metropolis called the Line have been scaled down and the project, which was envisaged to stretch 105 miles (170km) is expected to reach just a mile and a half by 2030. Dreamed up as a linear city that would eventually be home to about 9 million people on a footprint of just 13 sq miles, the Line is part of a wider Neom project. Now at least one contractor has begun dismissing workers. The scaling down of Prince Mohammed's most grandiose project was reported by Bloomberg, which said it had seen documents relating to the project.
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Saudi Arabia 'Forced To Scale Back' Plans For Desert Megacity

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  • A Walkable City? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by PPH ( 736903 ) on Wednesday April 10, 2024 @10:41PM (#64385330)

    105 miles long, 13 square miles gives a width of 650 feet. So, walkable in one direction. Not so much the other.

    13 square miles as a square would have been 3.6 x 3.6 miles. I could walk that.

    • by Randseed ( 132501 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @12:17AM (#64385414)
      I thought about this. It's a terrible waste of space. It would make more sense to have a square city which is built somewhat vertically. This actually minimizes the outside surface area which is important for energy efficiency with regard to climate control. It also makes it far easier to navigate.
      • by reanjr ( 588767 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @02:56AM (#64385568) Homepage

        It's not really a waste of space. The design is already as high rise towers, so it's dense by design. Within your local neighborhood, it would be as dense and non wasteful as a typical city.

        The bigger issue is how to handle transportation between neighborhoods. I wonder how much was hand waved and if there are any designs for how trains would be scheduled.

        • Re: A Walkable City? (Score:4, Informative)

          by RockDoctor ( 15477 ) on Saturday April 13, 2024 @07:08PM (#64392454) Journal
          No hand-waving was required. The plan was to have high-speed and low-speed railways in each direction built below the human-friendly strip. The high-speed line would stop at, approximately every 10th station (say every 10km); the low-speed at every station (about every km, whatever that is in American ; 10 minutes walk, -ish). At the ends of the line ("harbour" and "inland") the trains loop back from "inland" to "shoreward" directions. You could add an interchange wherever the "city" intersects the "along-shore" railway system.

          Nothing complicated there - just rational city design.

          No cars. They've been designed out at the start. Similarly, no roads - just walk ways and cycle ways. This may sound heretical in some parts of the world.

    • by stud9920 ( 236753 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @12:18AM (#64385416)

      What's that in normal people's measurements?

      • Re:A Walkable City? (Score:5, Informative)

        by TwistedGreen ( 80055 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @01:46AM (#64385494)

        You want it in football fields?

        So that would be over 1800 football fields long, but only 2 football fields wide.

        • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

          Football football or American football fields?

          • How many Olympic-sized swimming pools?

          • It’s called soccer. The English switched to the French version. Well, they surrendered to the French version.
            • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

              French? I think you are confused.

              The game of modern football was mostly influenced by the Cambridge Rules. The word "soccer" is Oxford slang, similar to rugger, fiver, tenner, and so on.

              The French call it "le football", or "foot" for short, both borrowed from the English.

    • Re:A Walkable City? (Score:5, Interesting)

      by thegarbz ( 1787294 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @02:47AM (#64385558)

      105 miles long, 13 square miles gives a width of 650 feet. So, walkable in one direction. Not so much the other.

      Walkable has zero to do with dimensions. It has to do with lifestyle and not requiring the use of a car. Paris is a walkable city. You don't need to own a car to live. My aunt on the other hand lives in a small town that is literally 1mile x 0.8miles in size. It's not walkable because all required necessities in life aren't available within that town and you there's no suitable public transport to the next town over.

      • by Entrope ( 68843 )

        No, we should define "walkable" as not needing to own a private jet! (/s)

        Defining it as "you can use mass transit" is silly -- unless you live in Airstrip One, "walkable" should have something to do with pedestrian accessibility rather than with substituting one form of vehicular transport for another.

        • I'm utterly baffled. Why is walking for a few mins, sitting on a tram/bus/light-rail for a few mins, and walking for a few more a bad thing? Do you have the same issue with escalators/elevators/travelators? Is this a cultural dislike of public transport - is there a taboo against using it where you are?

          It would be incredibly inefficient to replicate every service a person might need every mile or so. Remember, you need to account for those who have mobility problems too, so you can't just presume a six mile

          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            by Entrope ( 68843 )

            Why is walking for a few mins, sitting on a tram/bus/light-rail for a few mins, and walking for a few more a bad thing?

            Nobody said that's a bad thing, but if that's how you define "walkable" then you are being deeply dishonest.

          • Most of what you need day to day should be accessible without needing a vehicle in the first place. Walkability gives people a greater degree of self reliance and a lower overall cost of living.
        • by hey! ( 33014 )

          I'll quote from the Wikipedia Article [wikipedia.org]: "In urban planning, walkability is the accessibility of amenities by foot." It is important to contrast this with the practices it was intended to counter (again from the same article): "... urban spaces should be more than just transport corridors designed for maximum vehicle throughput."

          Transit is an integral part of walkable planning simply because it gets people *into* neighborhoods so they can do things on foot. But cars are a way to get people into an area too

    • Re:A Walkable City? (Score:5, Informative)

      by Kisai ( 213879 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @06:10AM (#64385906)

      Broadly missing the point.

      A "linear" city is 100% suitable for transit. No cars at all.

      The problem is how this city was being setup to fail. Like other Arabian megaprojects, they are extremely short-term thinking. The Burj Khalifa is an epic disaster of non-stop garbage and sewer trucks trucking away trash and sewage because the building was built without any consideration of the surroundings.

      There are only two correct city designs.

      "Hub-and-spoke", where the center of the city is maybe 2 stories tall, and the surroundings gradually get larger, and taller and every city block as it goes outward is bigger than the ones closer to the inside. That way you have a city laid out like hard drive sectors, faster to travel from two points on the inside than the outside. You run all your express trains on the spokes, and all your rapid transit on the circulars. So anyone who wants to travel from their home only takes at most one transfer. You walk to the end of your block, get on the spoke or circular train in the direction your destination is, and then the other spoke or circular to end up at your destination. Everything is served.

      The other is the "stacked grid" which means the entire city is built in 3D where every tower 100m x 100m, with each tower having the transit levels with the retail restaurant levels, and the commercial office space levels in every building. All residential space above the 5th floor. Everyone theoretically lives within 100m of everything they need then. No townhouses, no single family homes, only 4 bedroom homes. Because every tower has to be identical.

      The problem with "the line" is that what it really is, is two continuous towers that act as a wall and cut off environment connections. A linear city is best build this way, yes, but it needs to be built like a sandwich where all the necessary services (water, sewage, electricity, gas, internet, parcel delivery) is built up to the second story level before any "Tower" commercial and residential space is built. You simplify all the switches and valves needed in the services by not needing them to go in any direction that splits it. But you are effectively limited to your starting variables. If your water treatment and sewage treatment plant is only good enough for "9 million people", then that capacity has to be built from the start.

      You see the problem. You can't "gradually" build out a linear city. Now if you take the more conventional 3D city design, and instead of making it a wall, you make it alternating buildings with a common transport podium, with the residential homes on the south "wall" and the retail/offices on the "north wall" , you connect every thing with bridges at every building so everyone can get to point A to B without having to take transit unless their visit is on the other side of the city.

      In practice, cities aren't built this way, because what really happens is the city doesn't own the land, only the infrastructure, and they have to build a LOT of infrastructure to support a grid layout that doesn't build upward. All cities should be building 100m tall sky scrapers before they build additional city blocks, to give you the correct idea. If an entire city of 1m people can be supported in 10 100mx100m towers, then that makes far more sense than building 100,000 single family homes that need to individually be serviced.

      • Ugh....I would never want to live in any of the described cities....

        A backyard where I can hang with friends, brew beer, fire up my smoker and grills are a necessity to me. I like my veggie garden too...

        • That's also possible in a walkable city. US cities had walkability and gardens before cars came along and we bulldozed the walkability out of them.
        • Look up "streetcar suburb." This would be exactly what you're looking for.

      • "Hub-and-spoke", where the center of the city is maybe 2 stories tall, and the surroundings gradually get larger, and taller and every city block as it goes outward is bigger than the ones closer to the inside.

        That's some pretty draconian urban planners required to get people to build skyscrapers on new developments.

        And no suburbs? You're going to need a pretty awesome city to get families to be willing to move there without yards.

        The other is the "stacked grid" which means the entire city is built in 3D where every tower 100m x 100m, with each tower having the transit levels with the retail restaurant levels, and the commercial office space levels in every building. All residential space above the 5th floor. Everyone theoretically lives within 100m of everything they need then. No townhouses, no single family homes, only 4 bedroom homes. Because every tower has to be identical.

        Again, no families unless you somehow get a NYC or London level of culture going.

        I have a hard time seeing either city being viable outside of a city builder sim game.

        The problem with "the line" is that what it really is, is two continuous towers that act as a wall and cut off environment connections. A linear city is best build this way, yes, but it needs to be built like a sandwich where all the necessary services (water, sewage, electricity, gas, internet, parcel delivery) is built up to the second story level before any "Tower" commercial and residential space is built. You simplify all the switches and valves needed in the services by not needing them to go in any direction that splits it. But you are effectively limited to your starting variables. If your water treatment and sewage treatment plant is only good enough for "9 million people", then that capacity has to be built from the start.

        Huh? If you need more water capacity you just build more along the line, that actually seems to be one of the small adva

        • How many families actually use yards? None of my neighbors with kids use their yards, and tend to raise "indoor kids". Common space like the park down the street gets used but in the unwalkable parts of the neighborhood, the kids aren't getting themselves there because they can't. Seems like yards aren't the problem, too many cars resultunf in not enough safe common ground is the problem.
        • This megacity "the Line" isn't doomed because the architecture is a bad idea, it's doomed because if there isn't already a city there then it's probably a bad place to build a city. That being said, "the Line" is a uniquely bad architecture since by design most of the city will be in places that are a bad place to build a city.

          Pretty much all of those middle east cities are in the center of inhospitable desert areas but when they add the desalination plants to provide drinkable water, and all the artificial high tech city infrastructure then it works. I wouldn't count them out just because there isn't anything in the area currently. Especially since for their people it's basically this desert place or another city in the same situation, it isn't as if they're choosing from an alpine lake town and a modern line city in the deser

          • This megacity "the Line" isn't doomed because the architecture is a bad idea, it's doomed because if there isn't already a city there then it's probably a bad place to build a city. That being said, "the Line" is a uniquely bad architecture since by design most of the city will be in places that are a bad place to build a city.

            Pretty much all of those middle east cities are in the center of inhospitable desert areas but when they add the desalination plants to provide drinkable water, and all the artificial high tech city infrastructure then it works. I wouldn't count them out just because there isn't anything in the area currently. Especially since for their people it's basically this desert place or another city in the same situation, it isn't as if they're choosing from an alpine lake town and a modern line city in the desert.

            The capital seems to have formed because it was the central city for surrounding farms [wikipedia.org] (so not dessert).

            Other Saudi cities seem to follow the predictable pattern, interior cities surrounded by decent farmland or coastal cities with fishing and trade.

            Who do you think is going to live in the line city? If you're drilling oil you live near the oil fields, if you're a farmer you live near farmlands, if you're a fisher or sailor you live on the coast, and if you're in the service industry you live near those oth

    • Riyadh isn't walkable beyond few sections. I don't think they care but yes it is why nobody builds cities like that - but the idea with the wall sections is that you live basically in an arc like in simcity.

      The locals would prefer gated compounds with houses though.

    • You'd think they'd have learned from Seattle on that, since the metro region straddles roughly 65 blocks wide from I 5 mile 99 to I 5 mile 200 in Washington.
  • by teleny ( 4948 ) on Wednesday April 10, 2024 @10:41PM (#64385334)
    Sorry, Saudis. I hate to sound anti-Arabian, but you're going to have to swallow your pride and modernize in another way. How about women's rights?
    • by Amouth ( 879122 )

      agreed - the first thing i thought about when i watched that video "they seriously used a young girl dressed in western cloths as their main character?"

    • Womens' rights, to at least some degree, and in particular employment for women is also part of the plan. This is not about 'modernization,' it's about getting away from oil dependency. I'm not entirely clear on what Neom was supposed to do in that regard, other than the vague goal of "urbanization" as one part of the three part plan.

      I can't comment on whether the individual goals are good ones, but Saudi Arabia is not wrong for wanting to get away from oil. What they're trying to do, austerity and infra
      • by VeryFluffyBunny ( 5037285 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @02:29AM (#64385534)
        John Maynard Keynes would disagree. Building infrastructure during an economic boom means that labour & materials costs are exceptionally high & availability is exceptionally low; projects are slow, small, & expensive. Also, the infrastructure isn't there when you need it most, i.e. to support the boom. No, it makes much more sense to invest in infrastructure during recessions & depressions, when unemployment is high & materials costs are low. Employing people during a recession also stimulates the economy & has "multiplier effects" many times the original investment & helps to bring an economy out of a recession sooner.
        • by dwywit ( 1109409 )

          Did John Maynard Keynes' theories envisage a future where energy (oil+gas) wasn't as plentiful as it was when he was alive?

          No? Well we can drop that theory into the bin.

        • by DarkOx ( 621550 )

          Implicit in this theory is that you have notion of where and what the next boom will be.

          I am just making up a an example here; but if in the middle of the recession you decide to invest billions into building out the Arizona dessert and then woops turns out the next boom is off shore wind projects in the gulf and all the manufacturing you can do with cheap electricity on the near shore you now how two problems, a bunch of stuff in AZ the locals don't need and can't afford to maintain, and spent the capital

          • by Ol Olsoc ( 1175323 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @10:03AM (#64386482)

            Implicit in this theory is that you have notion of where and what the next boom will be.

            As long as people are not blinded by greed or pessimism, it isn't all that difficult.

            Let's take an example from me - and I'm not that smart.

            When I saw the first ads on Yahoo in late 1999, offering incredible low repayments for mortgage payments, like finance a million dollars with monthly payments around 299 dollars, I knew that was not good. After some investigations that confirmed this was legit, It started a clock for me.

            Then I saw people getting 50 year mortgages. It was more obvious that this wasn't going to end well.

            Background here - People only live a certain amount of time. We are born, become adults, work, and die at pretty pretty standard ages We haven't transformed the upper limits of lifespan even if more people live to be older.

            There was an interesting story online about an 80 year old man that just picked up a 50 year mortgage. Figure he was going to pay it off when he was 130 years old?

            Of course, those easy payment mortgages were ARM's, so the people who could only afford the really low initial payments were going to be out on their asses soon.

            Selling of mortgages meant that the originator of the mortgage had no responsibility for what happened later, as the subprime lending took over. So people who never should have obtained a mortgage got to buy a way overpriced home.

            But back to the obvious - at least to me.

            I knew where this was going, and when we were almost at SHTF days, I heard a "respected" economist report on NPR. He claimed that we had entered a debt society, where every major expense would be handled by refinancing our homes, that our homes would never decrease in value, and we'd buy stuff off that. He reported this as a good thing.

            Now just between us, that's an equation with infinity in it, always going to fail. And sure enough, it failed hard.

            Billions of dollars the evaporated overnight. And we almost drug the world into a real depression, but some smart adults finnessed it into a "mere" recession.

            And like one economist predicted this - he was hailed as some kind of prescient genius. While dumb old me had been saying it was going to happen since 1999.

            Numbers and finances and economics are not quite as complicated as some would have us think. But greed and suspension of disbelief always has most of us screwing up big time. At some point, without checks and balances, new grifts will appear, and many will fall for them. And if enough stupid greedy people fall for them, they'll drag the rest of us down with them.

          • Tell me you don't understand Keynesian economics without saying you don't understand Keynesian economics.
        • by Altus ( 1034 )

          Labor costs... thats rich.

          Look into who builds these buildings in Saudi Arabia.

      • vague goal of "urbanization" as one part of the three part plan.

        1. Urbanize
        2. ???
        3. Profit!

        It seems they went "nah, let's skip to part 3"!

    • Or just basic sanitation, housing, education etc. but MBS would prefer to waste billions on vanity projects and boondoggles.

    • Well, there's the women's rights... then there's the rights of all the imported workers that contractors systematically abuse horrifically, e.g. https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/... [hrw.org] Who do think is going to actually build that vanity project for them?

      It's a medieval monarchy.
    • There have geniunely been advances in women's rights in Saudi Arabia. They're still a very long way behind most of the rest of the world, but you have to look at where they started. Until recently, women weren't even allowed to drive there. To get from A to D you have to go through B and C (assuming they ever want to get to D at all). You'd have to keep in mind that they don't necessarily understand the benefits of having their female population being economically productive, because, as I understand, even

      • by Bert64 ( 520050 )

        Exactly this, there are clear advances in women's rights in the past few years and as they say - rome wasn't built in a day.
        Saudi companies typically now have quite a lot of women working for them and often in fairly senior roles, women now drive on their own and go out in public without their hair or faces covered.

        Despite no longer being a legal requirement, many people still choose to cover themselves because they don't want to suffer sunburn in their climate.

    • That's worked out so well for the west.

    • Gay rights, too. And rights for people who aren't Arab or Muslim.
  • I wonder (Score:5, Funny)

    by 93 Escort Wagon ( 326346 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @12:02AM (#64385398)

    How much time separated an advisor saying "my glorious prince, this is simply not a workable idea" from that advisor's dismembered body being loaded into a freezer?

  • You don't say!! (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Pravetz-82 ( 1259458 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @12:33AM (#64385442)
    Anyone with at least two functioning brain cells could see this as a non-starter. Even if the labor was 100% slaves, the sheer amount of resources that had to be sunk in this is mind boggling... And for what ? Some tourists will pay top dollars to come and sit in a glass box under the dessert sun ?!? And do what else ?! Is there gambling, alcohol, prostitution? I doubt it - they are "haram", so what else is there ?! Nature ? It is a fucking desert - you can 'experience' it in a thousand different places for next to nothing.
  • Such a surprise (Score:3, Interesting)

    by gweihir ( 88907 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @01:00AM (#64385458)

    Obviously, these people got rich by accident and will never not be oil dependent. As the importance of oil diminishes, so will they until they are back were they started. Only that their great efforts to push oil will have made the dessert a lot more deadly.

    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by butt0nm4n ( 1736412 )

      Got rich by supplying global warming.

      They have a lot of sand and sun. Pave the desert in solar panels, supply cheap and abundant energy to their near neighbours, turn oil tankers into batteries.. They've got a lot of options for redemption if they can learn to be less greedy and more generous.

    • All the wealthy families of Europe got wealthy the same way: accident of history. Once they ran out of gold to steal, they might have crumbled back into the typical pattern of Euro-barbarism. But instead, they left behind the legacy of the enlightenment.

    • their great efforts to push oil will have made the dessert a lot more deadly.

      Those luqaimat will certainly clog your arteries xD

  • well duh (Score:4, Insightful)

    by DrXym ( 126579 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @01:48AM (#64385496)

    This project was stupid in every conceivable way and should have been laughed out of the room. Environmentally, logistically, technologically, economically. It was a joke. Except it was the brain child of a psychopathic despot and who is going tell that guy? Wonder how many people died to get it this far even.

  • by Tom ( 822 ) on Thursday April 11, 2024 @01:54AM (#64385502) Homepage Journal

    Reducing something to just over 1 % of its original planned size isn't "scaling down". That's an euphemism for "giving up, just finishing the stuff we've already largely built".

    Converted to your typical house, it means instead of building the whole house you're building the tiny guest toilet and nothing else.

  • That thing gave me claustrophobia just thinking about it. 150 meters (490 feet) waay too thin especially after you lose a big chunk of that width to the transportation system. Sorry the conditions would F people up.

  • Re: "to transition Saudi Arabia away from oil dependency." - This is the same Saudi Arabia that is proposing, along with other oil states, to exploit ALL reserves & extract every last drop of oil so that it's burned in our atmosphere. Well, I guess if you're essentially the autocratic ruler of a medieval monarchy, that does sound terribly modern. I hear they've also swapped horses & camels for cars. Welcome to the 20th century!
  • It's a shame if they scale back. It was only the width that I thought was very small, should at least have been 500m or even a 1km. But having a city as one big line was a great idea, especially in a place like that, building such a large city in the desert like that is a challenge and would have been a great experience for the future were harsher climate will be a fact.
    • by dskoll ( 99328 )

      How is having a city in one big line a great idea? It's a monumentally dumb idea. Do you know any livable city on Earth where the furthest points are 170km apart? If you made it a square or a circle, you'd cover the same surface area with a much smaller maximum distance between two points in the city.

      • In the US there is a city extending from Boston to DC. Big doesn't require monolithic. It'd be a good idea to get a section of the line city working so flaws can be iterated out/designs changed etc as sections are made. (i.e. assume it'll have unforeseen issues, and foreseen issues where the implemented solution isn't working as planned and so plan ahead for revision stages)
        I'd like to see the giant desalinization design built and iterated. Once past the new design teething pains that'll have application w
  • Wow, so the megaproject failed? Well, nobody saw that coming.

    Except, of course, for everybody.

  • A "glass-walled city of the future" built and operated by a country run by murderous fanatics desperately hanging onto the past.

    I can't wait to see what other fundamentalists come up with...a "Rapture Machine", perhaps?

  • 1. Everyone and everything is indoors. The outside world is literally desert.
    2. Government controls your access to adjacent neighborhoods and can divide the "city" into zones arbitrarily cutting off all traffic with a single barrier (that will probably be automated).
    3. It's trivial to monitor the entire thing centrally.
    4. Your infrastructure cost is now approximately 2x because you're laid out in a line instead of a grid. Wire, plumbing and transport runs between any two random points in the city are now

    • Build cubes. Your base unit could be a 'city block', something big enough to be a distinct neighbourhood. 200m on each side means your cube will be 60 stories tall - you definitely build up as much as out.

      For security, you limit inter-cube traffic to choke points. Sure, you have six to cover but it's not impossible. The checkpoints can lead to high-volume laneways running alongside the cubes.

      Gravity will naturally cause cube traffic to dominate the horizontal dimension. In a lot of ways you'd be buildi

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