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Boeing Says Workers Skipped Required Tests on 787 But Recorded Work as Completed (arstechnica.com) 127

An anonymous reader shares a report: The Federal Aviation Administration is investigating whether Boeing failed to complete required inspections on 787 Dreamliner planes and whether Boeing employees falsified aircraft records, the agency said this week. The investigation was launched after an employee reported the problem to Boeing management, and Boeing informed the FAA. "The FAA has opened an investigation into Boeing after the company voluntarily informed us in April that it may not have completed required inspections to confirm adequate bonding and grounding where the wings join the fuselage on certain 787 Dreamliner airplanes," the FAA said in a statement provided to Ars today. The FAA said it "is investigating whether Boeing completed the inspections and whether company employees may have falsified aircraft records. At the same time, Boeing is reinspecting all 787 airplanes still within the production system and must also create a plan to address the in-service fleet." The agency added that it "will take any necessary action -- as always -- to ensure the safety of the flying public."

Boeing VP Scott Stocker, who leads the 787 Dreamliner program, described "misconduct" in an April 29 email to employees in South Carolina. Boeing provided a copy of the email to Ars. "After receiving the report, we quickly reviewed the matter and learned that several people had been violating Company policies by not performing a required test, but recording the work as having been completed," Stocker wrote. "As you all know, we have zero tolerance for not following processes designed to ensure quality and safety. We promptly informed our regulator about what we learned and are taking swift and serious corrective action with multiple teammates."

Boeing Says Workers Skipped Required Tests on 787 But Recorded Work as Completed

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  • They don't even accept that at my friend's janitorial company. Boeing just need to chapter 11 and restructure.
    • Also, the Boeing person was slightly misquoted, the text:

      As you all know, we have zero tolerance for not following processes designed to ensure quality and safety.

      should have read:

      As you all know, we have zero tolerance for anyone letting themselves get caught not following processes designed to ensure quality and safety.

      Please update your notes.

  • by TigerPlish ( 174064 ) on Tuesday May 07, 2024 @04:08PM (#64454792)

    Pencil-whipping, gun-decking, whatever colorful phrase you wish to use. This is jail, in the military.

    This is inexcusable. Yeah I know I'm stating the obvious but pencil-whipping things like checklists can (and has) resulted in dead people.

    Boeing truly needs an excorsim. Find the core rot, fire it, change the culture back to what it should've been all along, and then teach it as an example of how the US allowed its most prestigious names to be wrecked by MBA-driven greed and avarice.

    There are other problems, sure -- but this one's the worst. The pursuit of Next Quarter's Numbers have completely wrecked ALL our big names. GM, Ford, Boeing, etc etc etc. Some to a much more extreme degree than others.

    • by Frobnicator ( 565869 ) on Tuesday May 07, 2024 @04:33PM (#64454894) Journal

      Back in the day it was run by engineers, and had many strong ties to the military. The engineers were absolutely strict about adhering to the protocols and the military-related folks reinforced the strict protocols. As you wrote, "pencil-whipping" or falsely recording that procedures were followed, can range from reprimands, to court martial being charged with forgery, reduction in rank, dishonorable discharge, and even confinement.

      In "Old Boeing" everything was double-checked and had a paper trail associated. You check out a tool and double-check the serial number. You record the serial number of every part you install with the tool. When you're done you check in the tool and double-check the serial number. Now you have a paper trail showing you didn't leave a wrench inside the wing, and also a record of every part the wrench touched. Between the nerds in engineering and the strict protocols of the military, all the paper trails and quality levels outweighed the costs and burdens of paperwork.

      Consolidations in the mid 1990's generally, and the merge with McDonnel Douglas especially, brought an end to that culture. Management transition from people experienced aviation engineers over to people with backgrounds business management and accounting further eroded the culture.

      Around that time many analysts and workers complained that everything needed to be cost-justified rather than protocol-justified. Before the transition if a worker spent more time double-checking something or chose to throw out a part because it wasn't up to speck they could justify it based on protocol. After the transition reports are that management switched to demanding cost justification

      Now the company's announced the turnover of Calhoun as CEO with his background in investment funds and turning profits, that's a start. They still have C-suite executives with backgrounds in Walmart and Disney, the supply chain is managed by a business admin, a policy director with a background on minimizing political risk exposure rather than engineering safety practices, a tech officer that's been primarily focused on the business portfolio, space and security exec that came from Citigroup, etc., etc.

      How much of that's just pencil-whipping reports, how much is an edict to save money, how much is requiring a financial analysis instead of an engineering analysis, that's all changed from the company pre 1990's.

      • but muh profits!
      • by Tom ( 822 )

        over to people with backgrounds business management and accounting further eroded the culture.

        That seems to be a huge problem in general, not just in aviation.

        I wonder what they teach in those MBA courses, because all that managers ever seem to know is cutting costs. No great product in the history of the world ever came to be because someone was cutting costs. Cutting costs is one small part of running a business. It should be the job of controllers - low-level employees with a knack for numbers - and not the #1 objective of managers.

        But late-stage capitalism has led us to this point where innovati

    • by Iamthecheese ( 1264298 ) on Tuesday May 07, 2024 @04:41PM (#64454914)
      Put the blame where it belongs. We all know this isn't a case of lazy workers skipping out on the job. It's supervisors telling the workers "do all the things, each thing on the checklist must be done carefully" and also "do this and this and this and this today". And when questioned as to the priority between quality and speed being told, "just do it all' or "just prioritize" with a nudge and a wink. And those supervisors being told the same things by managers. And those managers being told those things by corporate officers who collected big bonuses for squeezing more work out of the system and not hiring enough workers to actually do all the work. The rot is all the way at the top. Tell the managers to tell the supers to tell the workers, "do each thing and actually take the time to get it done, and if it doesn't all get done that's my problem" and quality will happen. It's not a cultural thing, not really. it can be changed in one year by hiring enough people and refusing work that can't be done by the number of people involved. If that means selling fewer planes, or slower turnaround, or whatever then that's what needs to happen.
      • by excelsior_gr ( 969383 ) on Wednesday May 08, 2024 @07:55AM (#64456274)
        Then, all of a sudden, operators are on a ridiculously long waiting list and have to order their planes a decade in advance, because you don't even need all the fingers on one hand to count how many suppliers would come into question. Which, in turn, is the result of allowing mergers to happen instead of letting individual companies grow. But competition turns out is also bad for business and we can't have that. Following the rot will not stop at the top of one company. It *will* spill over to the political landscape.
    • by hey! ( 33014 )

      The company management is pointing the finger at workers, and they're right to, just as long as they point the finger at themselves too.

      These kinds of problems start at the top. If management demands workers do the impossible (or at least the wildly implausible), they know that reports of success are going to be fraudulent. The question is, are they goign to get away with it?

  • by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Tuesday May 07, 2024 @04:11PM (#64454804)
    Set impossible standards, fire anyone that doesn't meet them, pretend you care about safety and blame the workers when the shit hits the fan.

    Wells Fargo did the same thing and got nailed to the wall for it. They set impossible sales targets and cut back on monitoring the employees and then when the employees cheated to keep their jobs (it was 2008, everyone was pretty desperate) they said "oh, we follow all the rules, it's those dastardly employees!".

    We didn't buy it when Wells Fargo pulled it and we're not buying it now.

    This is why you need Unions. Unions call management on this bullshit all the time. Boeing has a union, but it's too weak to stand up to management after decades of Ergonomics.
    • by DarkOx ( 621550 )

      Ah right, we need unions but the union failed because it wasn't union-y enough or something...

    • by HiThere ( 15173 )

      Unions *CAN* call management. But if they're run by MBAs, they won't do it for the right reasons.

    • by ne0n ( 884282 )
      Impossible standards? Making airplanes that don't go pop, fizzle bang or boom is not as impossible as you seem to think. Unions won't magically increase the quality of work.
    • by tlhIngan ( 30335 )

      This is why you need Unions. Unions call management on this bullshit all the time. Boeing has a union, but it's too weak to stand up to management after decades of Ergonomics.

      Boeing's Washington workers are unionized. However, their South Carolina factory, where the 787 is manufactured, is not. In fact, Boeing had their WA and SC teams compete in order to see who would get the 787 factory.

      The whole competition was really just a way to get major concessions from the WA union - which Boeing got - pay cuts and

    • Set impossible standards, fire anyone that doesn't meet them, pretend you care about safety and blame the workers when the shit hits the fan.

      Maybe, but wrong in this situation.

      Boeing management spent decades creating a culture that tactically encouraged this kind of behaviour in the name of increasing production and keeping down costs.

      But then the shit hit the fan when two 737 Max's nosedived into the ground and since then a backed up toilet has been directly situated under the fan and it hasn't really stopped.

      Now, I suspect Boeing upper management desperately does care about quality at this point, but they spent years building the wrong kind of

  • Unless management is pushing, 'faster, better' policies on the workforce it is hard to believe that someone would claim to have performed a check without having done it. Back in ancient times the USA made the best stuff... I guess we have lost that pride... now I hear people in manufacturing saying stuff like, "Can't see it from my house."

    The first caliper (measuring device) that I bought was a starett, it came with the info and tools to calibrate it along with a calibration schedule... it was fairly pric

    • by DarkOx ( 621550 )

      Unless management is pushing, 'faster, better' policies on the workforce it is hard to believe that someone would claim to have performed a check without having done it.

      Really? Hard to imagine?

      Hmm lets see I could spend 20min crawling around inspecting this thing, the last 5 I have looked at having been just fine or I can just check this box, and play with my phone some more...

      Really when it comes to stuff like this the only way is either legalistic consequences for getting caught. You signed this without inspection, no discussion, no exit interview, security will escort you from the building now.

      Otherwise you have to be doing multiple inspections where the inspector is no

      • Really? Hard to imagine?

        Hmm lets see I could spend 20min crawling around inspecting this thing, the last 5 I have looked at having been just fine or I can just check this box, and play with my phone some more...

        From the bean counters perspective, the employees aren't making any money by doing paperwork. They make money when parts leave the shop. There is your answer.

      • Almost correct. But it's more along the lines of "I could spend 20 minutes crawling through this crate to inspect it, problem is, I have to do 4 planes an hour. Well, the last 3 were ok and my time's up, so I guess the 4th will be ok, too".

        • I have never worked piecework, but when i have been hourly, I have always done the job. Never signed off on something i didn't actually do. Of course, I am old fashioned in the sense that I took pride in doing my job well.
          • You're mostly old fashioned in the sense that you seem to have gotten enough time to actually do your job well.

            • well, yes, but I also learned to do it quickly, back in the day. That's how I got promoted, by doing jobs well and on time or early.
              • Well, congratulations for getting promoted.

                All you get today for doing a good job is more work and the hate of your fellow workers because you're the new gold standard they have to conform to.

                • yeah, that is exactly all you get these days. And, believe it or not, I am not trying to make anyone else look bad! I just get bored and need stuff to occupy me.
  • Common Practice (Score:5, Insightful)

    by RossCWilliams ( 5513152 ) on Tuesday May 07, 2024 @04:20PM (#64454826)
    You can express outrage, but this is more common than anyone wants to acknowledge. The regulations are enforced only when someone is caught. And people are caught only after there is a failure because there is no real supervision to prevent it. It is a question of cost. The Trojan nuclear power plant in Oregon had multiple weld failures because the welds were never actually inspected. The folks that were responsible at any level were long gone before the problems were found.
  • ...we was doing it all by the book honest but them pesky workers cut corners. I guess when there's no quality control process or that process is severely flawed as to not introduce randomised checks to find unforeseen or unexpected issues...but really we're talking many many months years maybe of absent or flawed governance. Hey, are senior execs also considered "workers"? Cause it's possible they skipped things too.
    • Yeah, these pesky workers and their corner cutting. And we have everything in place. Really! A process for everything!

      Work protocol? Sure, we have a work protocol in place, here, see? They have to do this, this and this! Apparently they don't. What did he say? He only has time to do 1, 2 and 3 and has to skip 4 because the time allotted isn't enough? Well, then I guess quality control would have to catch that!

      So quality control is to blame. We have a protocol for that in place, here, you see? What did he sa

  • by jonadab ( 583620 ) on Tuesday May 07, 2024 @04:29PM (#64454874) Homepage Journal
    When employees falsify records, it is *usually* a sign that the company culture actively encourages them to do so. I mean, if it was one bad employee doing it out of laziness when nobody was looking, then maybe not. But if multiple employees were doing it, it's generally because they were being pressured to ensure that the paperwork is filled out a certain way, regardless of physical reality.
  • Why? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Local ID10T ( 790134 ) <ID10T.L.USER@gmail.com> on Tuesday May 07, 2024 @04:37PM (#64454910) Homepage

    Why would employees would skip a non-functional step in the process?
    To save time.

    Why do these employees want to save time?
    Pressure to "Get it done now."

    Pressure from where?
    Management.

    Found the problem!

  • "As you all know, we have zero tolerance for not following processes" - maybe 20 years ago!

    • "As you all know, we have zero tolerance for not following processes" - maybe 20 years ago!

      30 years, now. Time flies in a way that Boeing seemingly can't.

    • by Luthair ( 847766 )
      I mean isn't the process get the plane out the door as quickly as possible no matter the impact? Seems like it was followed to me.
    • Still the case. But by now, not following the process is a requirement. On all levels.

      Workers cannot follow the proper processes because they have to cut corners to keep up with the required pace or get fired.

      But that's not really a big problem because QA also has to cut corners to keep pace and won't find their blunders.

      And so on.

  • by TigerPlish ( 174064 ) on Tuesday May 07, 2024 @05:19PM (#64455032)

    When Old Boeing was a thing, America and the world itself were different.

    Consider this:

    The Model 288 -- the B-17 prototype -- was built by Boeing with their own money, with their own time, not at Air Force behest. They *knew* war was coming, even by '37 the whole world kinda knew. So they made this, showed it to the USAF, who reluctantly started testing. eventually... well, you know the rest. Over 10k built. And many shot down.

    The Model 367-80. A bullshit name, but it was a bluff made to sound like a new version of an old prop plane. But it was the prototype 707 instead - built after Comet showed how not to do it. Swept wings. Twice the capacity. Boeing built that on their on dime, on their own time. They literally bet every desk, every pencil, every building, every piece of furniture on that project. It gave not one but two airplanes -- the KC135 tanker, still flying, and the slightly plumper 707, which gave the world the Jet Age and shrank it hard.

    And then they did it AGAIN. They bet every building, every asset, every machine tool, to built the 747 prototype. On their own time. For a competition the C-5 won. But Juan Trippe of Pan Am saw it, liked it, and bought 25 right there.

    What I"m getting at is.. Old Boeing had cojones. They bet the farm twice, maybe three times and won, and won big. B-17 took the war to Hitler's front door. 707 and 747 re-wrote the world. I'll note 747 took 18 months from scribble to flyable prototype, all the while they were building the factory to build it, as they built it.

    Today's Boeing.. wouldn't take such a chance. Today's Boeing is frankly incapable of the crazy that 707 and 747 were. Or the brilliant decision to make a narrowbody and widebody that shared the same airfoil, engines and flight deck. I'm talking 757 and 767

    Had they any smarts, by the time they'd finished 777, they knew 73, 75 and 76 were getting old. They should've done the 767 trick again: A new set of airliners, one fat, one skinny, based on a common set of components.

    But no. They went on the weird take that is the 787, without making a narrow counterpart of it to replace the now-very-obsolete 737. They coulda had it all. Again. But it didn't happen because right after 777 was done, the McD merger happened. The good people left.

    That's what MBA-think does. It hobbles companies. I lay the disaster of 787's development and 737's long-overdue retirement at the feet of the new management.

    And believe it or not, the 747 prototype when it came out, it flew two weeks later.

    When the 787 came out, the roll-out bird was devoid of engines, and it was months before it flew. They rolled out an incomplete prototype, you may even call it a mockup.

    That's when I knew Boeing had lost it. Not with MCAS, but with their nightmare development hell with 787. MCAS just drove home the point that not developing 787 and a new narrowbody alongside it was patently retarded, short-sighted, and out of character, considering the smashing success 757 / 767 are.

    • The reason Boeing isn't making a new narrowbody is the cost to certify a new airframe and get pilots trained on it (because you have to be type-certified on a particular airplane to fly it; just because you can fly a Boeing 737 doesn't mean you can fly an A320) is prohibitive. If they can't get enough fuel savings from it to interest the airlines enough to take on the pilot training cost, and to cover the airframe certification cost, there's no point in making it. Better to keep making 737 variants and ta

      • You do have a point, and a 787 (fat) and 7?7 (skinny) but with the same flight deck, wings, engines, tail of the 78 wouldn't fly like a 73.

        And what they needed was a modern, fuel-sippy 73 that flew like 73.. ehhe. It could've been done, and still can.. just.. re-do all of mcas 'til it's safe.. and don sell airplanes without at least triple redundant sensors.

      • Do you work for the soon to be gone ceo?
        Everyone gets it: creating a new plane is expensive. Training is expensive. But, you will never get the economics that the airlines are looking for with the 737. Look at what they had to do to get bigger fans on the thing. Seems to me it was one of the causes of several hundred deaths.
        Pay me now, or pay me later. May as well get started. Itâ(TM)s not going to get any cheaper.

        Otherwise, shut the lights out and go home.

        • Otherwise, shut the lights out and go home.

          Funny, Boeing themselves paid for that "last one out of Seattle please turn off the lights" .. back in the late 60's. XD

          737 is done. It'll take 20 years to design a replacement, the way things are now.

          That means Boeing is done. Unless, the customers are willing to accept the positively geriatric 737 with lipstick.

          737 is their bread and butter, it's 100% of Southwest's fleet, and a sizable chunk of the short-medium-haul market.

          The time to get started was 20 years ago.. or.. roughly when they started on th

      • by mjwx ( 966435 )

        The reason Boeing isn't making a new narrowbody is the cost to certify a new airframe and get pilots trained on it (because you have to be type-certified on a particular airplane to fly it; just because you can fly a Boeing 737 doesn't mean you can fly an A320) is prohibitive. If they can't get enough fuel savings from it to interest the airlines enough to take on the pilot training cost, and to cover the airframe certification cost, there's no point in making it. Better to keep making 737 variants and talk the FAA into accepting that they're basically the same thing.

        The cost of not doing it will bite them in the arse even harder.

        Airbus can't open it's order books fast enough for the A220 and A320 families, Boeing is struggling to sell the 737-8 MAX in a market screaming for 150-200 seat narrowbodies.

        The longer they wait, the longer the deficiencies in the 737 will hurt them. Airlines love the A320 because it's a more efficient aircraft, lower turnaround costs (B737's are so old they can't even accommodate ULD containers in the hold, so bags and cargo have to be l

    • Boeing proved the swept wing and podded engine design with the B-47 (first flight in 1947), prior to the 367-80 (first flight in 1954). B-47 was entirely government funded.

      • Boeing proved the swept wing and podded engine design with the B-47 (first flight in 1947), prior to the 367-80 (first flight in 1954). B-47 was entirely government funded.

        Heh yeah. Stolen data from the Germans, who took it from the Italians, the first fella to figure out the sweep was Italian.

        I'm pretty sure USAF paid for the development of the B52. by then they were hooked and we had LeMay on a purchasing tear.

        I hear the pilots loved the B47, that it flew like a big Sabre.

  • by anoncoward69 ( 6496862 ) on Tuesday May 07, 2024 @06:06PM (#64455170)
    One of two things happened here. A) if you had lazy engineers who wernt following procedure then management should have fired them B) The more likely option. Push from upper management to speed up assembly of planes and the number that were output. This was driven down the layers of management and management had to look the other way when engineers cut corners to speed up assembly and output so everyone could keep their bosses happy.
    • Correct, AND... (Score:4, Insightful)

      by tiqui ( 1024021 ) on Wednesday May 08, 2024 @02:04AM (#64455784)

      We'll know that ACTUAL corrective action is being taken when a bunch of executive and manager heads roll.

      As long as worker bees are being "re-trained" or "disciplined" or are being "separated from the company" etc, Boeing is not serious about correcting its ways. In fact, if they dump some worker bees it MIGHT actually be a convenient re-use of something they wanted to do anyway - get leaner.

      There is simply NO WAY some worker bees on the assembly line decided to skip procedures and sign-off anyway without some management approval or [more likely] direct instruction, probably over worker bee objections. People who do not work in the aerospace sector may not appreciate how regulated it is, and how much paper needs signatures which are tethered to potentially severe penalties.

  • by gweihir ( 88907 ) on Tuesday May 07, 2024 @07:08PM (#64455320)

    In such cases, it is _allways_ management that is at fault. Management _must_ make sure inspections are independently verified, there are spot-checks, there is enough time to do the tests and no pressure to skip them, there are video-recordings, etc. If management makes it easy to skip the tests (as they have done here), they carry the full blame.

    • You want a workforce with the personal investment in their work such that you don't need to have an inspector effectively standing behind everyone. You want a company culture where people feel comfortable coming forward regarding mistakes instead of hiding them because they know they'll lose their job either way. You want engineering and management with a good understanding of where costs can be cut to stay competitive without compromising the final product. It's not a simple problem nor does it have a sim
      • by gweihir ( 88907 )

        Sure. But this is stuff that kills people if done wrong. Hence you want those additional checks and you want a workforce that _understands_ why they are done.

  • ..but you do the tests, and they kill you! It's a lose-lose.
  • Not only does the fall of Boeing bother me because it is emblematic of what's happened to America, it bothers me because all these weird deaths around Boeing are something I expect from countries like the old USSR, or today's Russia, or China, or Korea.. but certainly not "The West."

  • DEI for the win.

Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. -- Albert Einstein

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