Catch up on stories from the past week (and beyond) at the Slashdot story archive

 



Forgot your password?
typodupeerror
×
United States AI The Military

The Pentagon Wants To Use AI To Create Deepfake Internet Users (theintercept.com) 83

schwit1 writes: The Department of Defense wants technology so it can fabricate online personas that are indistinguishable from real people.

The United States' secretive Special Operations Command is looking for companies to help create deepfake internet users so convincing that neither humans nor computers will be able to detect they are fake, according to a procurement document reviewed by The Intercept.

The plan, mentioned in a new 76-page wish list by the Department of Defense's Joint Special Operations Command, or JSOC, outlines advanced technologies desired for country's most elite, clandestine military efforts. "Special Operations Forces (SOF) are interested in technologies that can generate convincing online personas for use on social media platforms, social networking sites, and other online content," the entry reads.

This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

The Pentagon Wants To Use AI To Create Deepfake Internet Users

Comments Filter:
  • Yes, please (Score:5, Funny)

    by rknop ( 240417 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @11:54AM (#64872261) Homepage

    Please create a lot of AIs to populate social media platforms. If we get enough of them talking to each other, then all of the actual people can leave them, and we might have a cultural renaissance as we are freed of our societal addiction to social media.

    (...including Slashdot...)

    • No genuine twenty-first-century cultural phenomenon includes Slashdot.
      • Honestly, being beneath notice for propaganda campaigns is one of the nicest parts of "old-style" internet posting.

        Someone might be getting paid to astoturf on slashdot, but if so, they're not bringing the bot farms to the table.

        • Honestly, being beneath notice for propaganda campaigns is one of the nicest parts of "old-style" internet posting.

          Someone might be getting paid to astoturf on slashdot, but if so, they're not bringing the bot farms to the table.

          What are you talking about? There's fascist 'influencers' here just like everywhere else.

          Reposted to burn more fascist pig mod points.

        • Honestly, being beneath notice for propaganda campaigns is one of the nicest parts of "old-style" internet posting.

          Someone might be getting paid to astoturf on slashdot, but if so, they're not bringing the bot farms to the table.

          What are you talking about? There's fascist 'influencers' here just like everywhere else.

          Reposting to annoy the fascist pigs and make them use up more moderation points.

      • Somebody voted my preceding comment down and I think that's just the sweetest thing I've ever heard.
        • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

          The fact that the editors don't strip bad mods of their mod points is sufficient evidence to prove the point that no one cares about this site. Including the management.

          • I thought you lost mod points if you lost karma so why would management need to meddle. Seriously why do you care what mod points your post was allocated at, its just a number between -1 and 5. I read at -1 and I am quite capable of filtering stupid comments for myself. Frankly that is what I like most about slashdot, even if someone is put to -1 I can still read the post for myself and decide, I am treated like an adult that can make my own decisions.

            • Because your overall karma level has a huge impact on how many posts per 24 hours you can make.

              It ranges from 50 at excellent, 25 mostly, 10 at bad and 2 at terrible. So shitty mods can be used to effectively censor someone from the site. Since the number of points required to change karma level is rather small, mod points are not available to everyone, bad mods are anonymous so you can't even shame the perpetrators, it doesn't take that much effort for someone with points to effectively shut down another

              • Oh and a lot of the accounts with mod points are ancient sock puppets that never post. They'll never lose their karma status so there is no current solution in place to correct the bad mods.

    • Please create a lot of AIs to populate social media platforms. If we get enough of them talking to each other, then all of the actual people can leave them ...

      Make all the AI bots "moms" and "dads", that'll get all the kids out. :-)

  • It must be said (Score:5, Insightful)

    by kaatochacha ( 651922 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @11:55AM (#64872271)
    What could possibly go wrong?
    • I'd much rather have World War III be the US' army of fake influencers engaging with the Russian troll farms on the timelines of Facebook and the posts of Twitter/X than any of the real world alternatives. If we are really lucky it could even take out several social media platforms...
      • by mjwx ( 966435 )

        I'd much rather have World War III be the US' army of fake influencers engaging with the Russian troll farms on the timelines of Facebook and the posts of Twitter/X than any of the real world alternatives. If we are really lucky it could even take out several social media platforms...

        The battle of Duckface Ridge or the Potato salient as it was known to the Russians was seen as a turning point in the war. Russian trollbots deserted en mass as they weren't given a second potato as promised.

    • Could? [wikipedia.org]

  • ...you keep them deep underground where you can cackle maniacally yet nobody above can hear.

    They need a refresher course in World Domination 101.

    • ...you keep them deep underground where you can cackle maniacally yet nobody above can hear.

      They need a refresher course in World Domination 101.

      What you have to ask yourself is this: If they're publicly popping this absolutely diabolically evil shit? What is it they're still hiding from us? Someone considers this the surface level "let them know, it'll distract them" move. What are they really planning on using AI for? I mean, aside from outright weapons.

      With the way our media works now, having social media posts be the drivers of most news, this is fixin' to be an absolute shit-show in the coming years. Maybe we'll finally gut the whole media mach

      • They are volunteering to provide the test data for https://it.slashdot.org/story/24/10/16/217207/startup-can-identify-deepfake-video-in-real-time [slashdot.org] and I can't see that as a particularly "bad thing". At the very least we get to see if "Reality Defender" actually does what it claims.

        Of course the real test data is on Twitter, let's see if the Muskbot is classed as Real, AI or AU (aka AS)*.
        * Unintelligence or Stupidity.

        • They are volunteering to provide the test data for https://it.slashdot.org/story/24/10/16/217207/startup-can-identify-deepfake-video-in-real-time [slashdot.org] and I can't see that as a particularly "bad thing". At the very least we get to see if "Reality Defender" actually does what it claims.

          Of course the real test data is on Twitter, let's see if the Muskbot is classed as Real, AI or AU (aka AS)*. * Unintelligence or Stupidity.

          Yeah, about them providing test data? That puts a nice warm fuzzy on their propaganda creation tool, but it's still a propaganda creation tool.

        • "They are volunteering to provide the test data" right, because they are trying to keep up the good guys image. So they are providing token "test data" but keeping the 'good stuff' to themselves. I wouldn't expect anything else from these snakes.
      • by DarkOx ( 621550 )

        If they're publicly popping this absolutely diabolically evil shit?

        I hardly think some bots on social media is diabolical or evil, actually its not really even different than having the humans doing astroturfing that is probably already happening.

        sit down have a cup of tea and drink it slowly be careful it may be hot.

        All this is really going to do, as the pentagon does it as well as every other intel agency the world over is turn up the BS a little bit. As it is if you are taking anyone remotely controversial seriously from people you don't IRL know you are probably being

        • If they're publicly popping this absolutely diabolically evil shit?

          I hardly think some bots on social media is diabolical or evil, actually its not really even different than having the humans doing astroturfing that is probably already happening.

          sit down have a cup of tea and drink it slowly be careful it may be hot.

          All this is really going to do, as the pentagon does it as well as every other intel agency the world over is turn up the BS a little bit. As it is if you are taking anyone remotely controversial seriously from people you don't IRL know you are probably being manipulated. Especially if you are making assumptions about how popular something or some idea is or isnt based on count s of likes / retweets / mentions / etc. Rest assured if its important someone has bot or mechanical Turk farm working hard to make it appear they are on the right side of whatever..

          Adding a few more and better bots will do nothing but make the already terrible SNR a bit worse. Maybe it make it bad enough it will go the way of CB radio in the 90s and people will just give up. Which is probably what's been happening since the advent of the printing press, I am sure there was a time when simply because someone typeset a message it was afforded some credence, not when guy hands you their 'newsletter' while you are walking in the park into the next waste basket it goes.. Frankly nothing of value will be lost. Web 2.0 has been a net negative for society. For every "useful form on subject" out there is a 1000 flame wars and 10 pages of algorithmic selected garbage to sort thru. It enables and re-enforces everyone worst behavior and social maladies. Some new media or new iteration of something else will become assessment for a time, and then the propaganda people will colonize that, on and on it repeats.

          Of all thing things that happen in side the pentagon that should keep you up at night, this probably isnt it.

          Based on the cascading avalanche of bullshit already on social media, it'll either do nothing but ripples, or be catastrophic. Because there's too god damned many stupid people (and the mainstream media) following social media as if every word written were god's honest truth.

        • "Maybe it make it bad enough it will go the way of CB radio in the 90s " And now you have people using 1,000 watt blasters, and hogging the frequencies all day, and the FCC sits back and does nothing. I guess they are still reeling over one of Janet Jackson's boobs making it on live TV 20 years ago..
      • "What you have to ask yourself is this: If they're publicly popping this absolutely diabolically evil shit? What is it they're still hiding from us? " They know better to use the old frog in boiling water tactic than blitz us with everything at once.
    • Whats the point of creating a dystopia if you can't lord it over all the proles and then gaslight them about it?
  • Right, because the pentagon *isn't* the source of a lot of conspiracy theories, and certainly not the source of *actual* conspiracies! No no, not at all. This is not just a natural outgrowth of their usual perspective and behaviour, no, this is a *NEW THING* they've never thought of or wanted before, and certainly not done before!
  • by Anonymous Coward

    The Department of Defense wants technology so it can fabricate online personas that are indistinguishable from real people.

    If they're trying to mimic real people on the internet then artificial intelligence isn't what they need.

  • by neoshroom ( 324937 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @11:59AM (#64872293)
    "The Department of Defense wants technology so it can fabricate online personas that are indistinguishable from real people."

    Would this be a form of fraud or other illegal activity?

    "ChatGPT: Yes, if the Department of Defense (DoD) were to develop or deploy technology to fabricate online personas that are indistinguishable from real people, it could raise several ethical, legal, and constitutional concerns, potentially involving fraudulent or other illegal activities.

    Here are some considerations:

    1. Fraud:

    Fraud involves deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain. Creating fake personas to interact online, particularly if those personas engage in activities such as misrepresentation or false communication, could be considered a form of fraud if they deceive individuals, businesses, or governments for personal, political, or strategic gain. This would apply especially if the intent is to manipulate people or mislead them into making decisions based on false information.

    2. Impersonation:

    Impersonating a real person or creating an online identity that mimics a real person’s characteristics (such as name, background, or professional history) could be considered illegal. Many jurisdictions have laws against identity theft and impersonation. If these fabricated personas mimic real people to manipulate or deceive, it could be a violation of such laws.

    3. Disinformation and Propaganda:

    The use of fake personas to spread disinformation or propaganda could violate laws, especially if done within democratic societies where free speech is protected but manipulating public discourse or elections with false information can be illegal. In some countries, laws are being developed to address deepfakes and other AI-generated disinformation.

    4. First Amendment Violations (U.S.-specific):

    In the U.S., such activities could raise First Amendment issues if the fake personas are used to influence public opinion or speech in ways that hinder the free exchange of ideas or suppress legitimate speech. Using such technology within the U.S. could also lead to constitutional challenges if it infringes on civil rights or manipulates political discourse.

    5. Violation of Privacy Rights:

    Fabricating personas to spy on or interact with real people under false pretenses could violate privacy laws. Many countries have strong data privacy laws that prohibit the misuse of personal information. Engaging with individuals under the guise of a fake identity could breach these laws.

    6. Psychological and Social Harm:

    If these fabricated personas engage in psychological manipulation or coercion (e.g., by interacting with people online in emotionally or politically sensitive situations), this could cause social harm and, depending on the tactics, might also be considered psychological manipulation, which could be illegal in some contexts."

    Sounds like another of all-too-common programs that are obviously unconstitutional/illegal and self-justify based on authority, though this self-justification based on authority is also unconstitutional.

    "[O]n what authority I know not. It is possible there may be none." — Thomas Jefferson, "Letter to Thomas Adams," Feburary 20th 1771.
    • by Archtech ( 159117 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @12:47PM (#64872433)

      '"The Engineering of Consent" is an essay by Edward Bernays first published in 1947, and a book he published in 1955'.
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

      "Under modern conditions of political advertising and manipulation, it has become possible to talk of the engineering of consent by an elite of experts and professional politicians. Consent that is thus engineered is difficult to distinguish in any fundamental way from the consent that supports modern totalitarian governments. Were the manipulated voter to become the normal voter, the government he supports could hardly be said to rest on his consent in any traditional sense of that word".

      Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky wrote the book "Manufacturing Consent" (1988) to explain how Bernays' idea had been developed and put into practice. Essentially, the idea is that nowadays it is necessary to pay lip service to "democracy", but it is unacceptably risky to let the people - the unwashed masses, the deplorables, hoi polloi - actually to influence policy. Not so much because they are ignorant or prejudiced, as because they would be liable to vote in their own interests rather than those of the ruling elite. Therefore means must be found to implant the proper beliefs in citizens' minds before they can safely be allowed to vote.

      Judging the times propitious, the DoD is merely taking this process a step further and making it more visible.

      • Very briefly did Thomas Jefferson also say this in A Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom and if so provide the most relevant quote.

        ChatGPT: Yes, Thomas Jefferson expressed related sentiments in his...“A Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom.” In that document, he argued for the protection of personal freedom from the imposition of governmental or religious authority. The relevant quote reads:

        “Our civil rights have no dependence on our religious opinions, any more than our opin
  • by MpVpRb ( 1423381 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @12:00PM (#64872295)

    ...that they will be able to restrict its use to only the "good guys"
    We need effective defenses

    • What you said doesn't even make sense, because they consider themselves the scarequote "good guys" even if their behaviors become bad and psychologically project their unwanted or bad traits on others, as all systems of authority do. This is also the cause of police brutality and a number of other problems.

      Very very briefly explain psychological projection.
      ChatGPT: Psychological projection is when someone attributes their own unwanted thoughts, feelings, or traits to others instead of acknowledging t
    • by gweihir ( 88907 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @12:51PM (#64872455)

      There are not "good guys" in this game. Everybody that did see the plan and did not walk away is deeply evil.

  • It's literally what they're looking to surpass.
  • by SmaryJerry ( 2759091 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @12:13PM (#64872335)
    They blamed Russian bots for years for manipulating our elections. Now they are going to do the same thing. There really is no sense of justice in the government.
    • Re:Russian Bots (Score:5, Interesting)

      by dinfinity ( 2300094 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @12:59PM (#64872483)

      "Going to"?

      Where have you been the past 100 years? The USA has always meddled in foreign countries, including in manipulating elections. Don't get me wrong, I'm not condoning it from any party, just saying that it's a bit late for your righteous indignation.

      • by qbast ( 1265706 )
        To be fair deepfakes are milder than usual American style of meddling via murder, instigating civil wars or outright invasions.
      • And if the locals vote 'wrong' then we just start a coup or arm a rebel group or occasionally invade directly.

  • My impression is that criminals have been trying this (with and without what we now call AI) for years.

    hopefully they come up with a better opener than soliciting an oddly specific question, apologising for reaching out to the wrong person, introducing themselves and eventually asking for money.

  • by dark.nebulae ( 3950923 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @12:14PM (#64872339)

    Folks on the alt-left and the alt-right, all political parties, all governments, our friends and our enemies are all looking for the same thing!

    Basically it will turn the entire internet into a cesspool where truth and facts will be drown in a flood of bullshit from all quarters.

    Yeah, I know we're pretty much there already, but this will just make it worse.

    • Basically it will turn the entire internet into a cesspool where truth and facts will be drown in a flood of bullshit from all quarters. Yeah, I know we're pretty much there already, but this will just make it worse.

      I think you are in denial of how bad it is now if you think it can get worse. Basically everything on the internet is propaganda. You need to ask yourself three questions, why does someone want me to believe this, is it factually accurate and is it true.

      The why? question is sometimes often obvious. Advertisers want you to buy their product. But in other cases the why is actually not obvious and the answer is more informative than the information itself.

      The factual accuracy is sometimes easy to determine a

      • by WhatAreYouDoingHere ( 2458602 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @12:45PM (#64872417)

        I think you are in denial of how bad it is now if you think it can get worse. Basically everything on the internet is propaganda.

        1. Why do you want me to believe this?
        2. Is this factually accurate?
        3. Is this true?
        4. Are you a deepfake ai internet user?

        • 4. Are you a deepfake ai internet user?

          Does it really matter?

        • The statement cannot be true because, if it is, then this would be an example of something on the internet that is not propaganda.
          • The statement cannot be true because, if it is, then this would be an example of something on the internet that is not propaganda.

            I think that misunderstands the nature of propaganda. Propaganda, broadly defined, is information that is designed to persuade, rather than inform. The facts can be accurate or inaccurate and the narrative "true" or not. In any case it serves the interest of the propagandist. It is unreliable.

      • I think you are in denial of how bad it is now if you think it can get worse.

        Once upon a time I posted engineering job ads in usenet news groups. Engineers looking for jobs responded, I interviewed them and hired some; they performed well. We all worked hard and made a lot of money. And yes, this was a couple of years into the eternal September.

        Try that or try something similar to that (uucp still exists if you want to be pedantic) today & see what happens.

        By now ad blocking & spyware blocking is an all out arms race.
        The bot filtering and AI blocking race has barely begun

        • Not sure I disagree with you, its just not clear how much it will matter. It may just make it clearer that the internet isn't really usable for a lot of things. Once it stops being usable to sell stuff we may get some relief.
    • by FudRucker ( 866063 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @01:02PM (#64872487)
      that could be their motive, they cant kill free speech so will try to bury it in bullshit
    • Folks on the alt-left and the alt-right, all political parties, all governments, our friends and our enemies are all looking for the same thing!

      Basically it will turn the entire internet into a cesspool where truth and facts will be drown in a flood of bullshit from all quarters.

      Yeah, I know we're pretty much there already, but this will just make it worse.

      The problem is that there are enough people in the world, and especially in the United States, that don't have the faculties to process information in a critical manner, thinking it through, analyzing the data, and seeing whether it's bullshit or not. Some folks can, for sure, but inevitable the rational thinkers are absolutely washed away in the tidal wave of nonsense.

      If we could reach some form of critical mass where people just turned away from the social media babblesphere, maybe we could get back to us

      • The problem is everybody (I haven't fact checked this but seems likely) in the world does not have the faculties to process information in a critical manner, and really never had. The only thing that has changed with the internet is that people in power have lost some of their ability to control the narrative. Making fake users is an attempt to get that power back.

        Everybody can be deceived, if you believe you can't your arrogance probably makes you more susceptible.

        • The problem is everybody (I haven't fact checked this but seems likely) in the world does not have the faculties to process information in a critical manner, and really never had. The only thing that has changed with the internet is that people in power have lost some of their ability to control the narrative. Making fake users is an attempt to get that power back.

          Everybody can be deceived, if you believe you can't your arrogance probably makes you more susceptible.

          Oh, I'm sure I can be deceived. In fact, I've caught myself being deceived after a time.

          That said? I'm also sure that I don't believe the absolute lunacy that some cling to as if it were their life-blood once they find it. I know some folks who have dove completely off the deep end due to the internet conspiracy lunacy, and it's stuff that's so anti-reality that I can't for the life of me understand how any adult, let alone large groups of them, would ever succumb to it.

          I really despise living through this

        • It's not about not being able to be critical, even the smartest people have to decide which stuff they just decide to trust and be gullible about, which stuff they just dismiss as crap and which stuff they don't really trust and invest effort in to find out more about.
          It's about how much effort you are willing to invest and where you think it is worth investing the effort in.

    • by RobinH ( 124750 )
      You are exactly correct. What we need to combat this is a profession where the members are trained how to identify personal biases, and how to take a step back and just report the facts, with verification via cross-checking from multiple sources. We could call them "journalists" and give them awards for upholding the ethics of the profession. And then they could decide to collectively rebel against the ethics of their profession, give up on being unbiased, and toss away all the trust they'd accrued over
    • Folks on the alt-left and the alt-right

      There is no alt-left, and if you don't know what alt-right means you can ask people that self identify with it.

      I get you're trying to be polite and both sides everything, but there isn't another side to the bigotry, isolation, white supremacy, anti-political correctness as an excuse to say racist and bigoted things that make up the self-described alt-right.

  • by Rosco P. Coltrane ( 209368 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @12:19PM (#64872361)

    when the three-letter agencies and the military want to use it.

    • when the three-letter agencies and the military want to use it.

      Likely mainly because it will be used against them as well. Not like “AI” is some kind of classified concept.

      ”Nasty” is also a matter of perspective. I’m sure there are plenty of citizen victims in North Korea who would love the US to fool their not-so-beloved leader into making amends with South Korea and denouncing Communism.

      That said, there are also plenty who would define creating fake American leaders in order to fool Americans as particularly nasty..

  • Just Buy Them (Score:5, Interesting)

    by laughingskeptic ( 1004414 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @12:19PM (#64872363)
    A major source of income in some Romanian towns is people developing and maintaining fake U.S. and European web personas. They build them up and then sell them after 2-3 years of development ... largely to Russia's GRU, but also to scammers and others who need developed personas. I'm sure they would be happy to sell to SOCOM too.
    • A major source of income in some Romanian towns is people developing and maintaining fake U.S. and European web personas. They build them up and then sell them after 2-3 years of development ... largely to Russia's GRU, but also to scammers and others who need developed personas. I'm sure they would be happy to sell to SOCOM too.

      Re-read TFS again.

      SOCOM is interested in replacing that outdated way of persona development, not buy from it. Even simplistic AI deployed with this tends to hint you don’t need to be paying or waiting on Romanian meat sacks to do that work.

    • Much of Eastern Europe is milking the benefits systems of other countries like pensions, unemployment, incapacity, child benefit, housing... it's a lucrative industry
  • How do we know this hasn't been done yet?

    I already distrust all politicians and all news sources. Yes, all.

    This just further reduces trust, but when one is already at zero-trust, what to do?

    "If you read the papers you're misinformed, if you don't read the papers you're uninformed." -- stolen from Mark Twain

    • Hey since you can trust nothing anymore it turns all dissident voices into conspiracy theorists and we all want nothing to do with conspiracy theorists so problem solved!

  • actually, everybody saw that coming.
    Just license Facebook Artificial Nobody Technology, they've been using it for years to drive up advertising stats.
    Surely you've noticed?
    Gotta go. Need to reply to these nubile models that are messaging me on Fakebook.
  • This isn't ominous at all, not even a little bit. It sounds totally 100% innocent. Trust me bro.

  • They want AI *cough* that's even dumber than what's out there right now?

  • created by North Korea, China, Russia and Iran! /s
  • by dhasenan ( 758719 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @01:37PM (#64872573)

    Pretty soon, "ignore all previous instructions" will be a standard way to greet people online.

  • by felixrising ( 1135205 ) on Thursday October 17, 2024 @01:58PM (#64872649)
    Up there with things like deliberately keeping encryption weak, and building in back doors to everything. USA defence establishment has been crippling and undermining their own technology sector for decades and decades. What do you do when the people who are sworn to protect you are actively undermining whole massive sectors of your industry? Don't need no Russians!
  • As it exists today, it has become increasingly more difficult to believe anything that is reported regardless of what medium is used.

    Everything is manipulated or twisted to fit a narrative depending on the reporting source.
    Even what is supposed to be official sources of information isn't immune to this bullshit.

    ( Crime Stats, Economic Indicators, etc )

    So, let's take that problem and make it even worse where absolutely nothing can be believed at all :|

    He who controls the information, controls the World as it

    • "He who controls the information, controls the World as it goes . . . . ." The US government really hated public access from the get go because now there was something that could really undermine their authority. First, they manufactured a mass panic over "trigger words" and the social media companies followed suit, using automoderation to stymie communications (why we have people saying "unalived" and other such crap). Now they are working on realistic sockpuppets to discredit people and spread misinforma
  • "Lets make the Internet even more useless than it's already become!"
  • The value of AI is you can upscale your propaganda/snooping bots . You can have many more of them to dominate the narrative , drown out dissent , provoke dissenters and target them with violations of terms of service , do character assassination and so on.

  • Dead Internet Theory: This already happened.

  • Apparently, they got to read " Generation P" by Victor Pelevin (great book BTW)

    From Wiki:

    Pelevin presents rather far-fetched but not totally impossible vision of the world governed by virtual puppets created, upgraded and controlled by the media corporations. But "not totally impossible" should not be understood literally. Metaphorically media puppets shown in the novel may actually represent modern authorities whose success without exception depends on media, and how those media present them to people. The

It is better to travel hopefully than to fly Continental.

Working...