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Only One Country in the World Produces All the Food It Needs, Study Finds 92

Out of 186 countries, only Guyana produces enough food to self-sufficiently feed all its citizens without foreign imports, according to new research. From a report: The study, published in Nature Food, investigated how well each country could feed their populations in seven food groups: fruits, vegetables, dairy, fish, meat, plant-based protein and starchy staples.

Worldwide, the study found that 65% of countries were overproducing meat and dairy, compared to their own population's dietary needs. It also found that Guyana, located in South America, was the only country that could boast total self-sufficiency, while China and Vietnam were close behind, being able to produce enough food in six out of seven food groups. Just one in seven of the tested countries were judged self-sufficient in five or more categories.

Only One Country in the World Produces All the Food It Needs, Study Finds

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  • Misleading (Score:5, Insightful)

    by MBGMorden ( 803437 ) on Friday May 23, 2025 @03:36PM (#65399677)

    While a balanced diet is good for health, its not strictly required. It also ignores that agricultural resources can be redirected if needed. As long as a country produced a sufficient amount of food to meet the *caloric* needs of its population (regardless of what groups those fall into), then I'd consider it self sufficient.

    • by dstwins ( 167742 )
      You would.. but lets also be honest... a meat only diet would kill the majority of people over time.. in fact, if you look at history..most of our "shorter" lifespans early on was the total lack of variety in the diet.. (some meat, some fruit, some veg, some starches in some manner).. Meat rich diets only really work with periods of extreme physical activity because its nutrient dense.. Modern lifestyles demands lower or more tailored diets.. or if you are aiming for a meat rich diet, then you scale back th
    • by taustin ( 171655 )

      Yeah, but "it's good enough" isn't a crisis, and without a crisis, nobody is going to give them grant money to lead the charge against it.

    • While a balanced diet is good for health, its not strictly required. It also ignores that agricultural resources can be redirected if needed. As long as a country produced a sufficient amount of food to meet the *caloric* needs of its population (regardless of what groups those fall into), then I'd consider it self sufficient.

      Given the political stranglehold the crop has, I’d say California is bound and determined to survive on almonds alone.

      • And raisins. You must never forget how much impact the California Raisins [wikipedia.org] have had on the state's economy.
      • Re:Misleading (Score:4, Interesting)

        by phantomfive ( 622387 ) on Friday May 23, 2025 @06:36PM (#65400113) Journal
        People don't grow almonds in California because of politics. Farmers grow almonds in California because other crops (such as peaches, or apricots, or cherries) require more labor, and are not cost-competitive with labor from other countries like Chile or Vietnam.

        Almonds require less human labor to grow and harvest.
        • Almonds require less human labor to grow and harvest.

          But they do require a shit ton of water, thirsty bastards. Also we have hit peak almond with some orchards being cut down.

          • Oh yeah? How much water do almonds require compared to peaches, or beef, or...front lawn grass?
            • Re:Misleading (Score:4, Interesting)

              by mordenkhai ( 1167617 ) on Saturday May 24, 2025 @01:23AM (#65400767)

              A quick Google search without much backup research shows lawns in California use ~5% of state water usage and Almond crops use ~14.5%-16.5%, so about a third give or take?

              • ok that's not complete information unless you compare the amount of almonds and the amount of grass.

                To understand how to correctly use statistics, consider that the percentage of California water used to grow papyrus rounds to 0.0%, and yet papyrus needs a lot more water than almonds.
              • by jbengt ( 874751 )
                About 16% of California's agricultural water use is for growing alfalfa, which is used to feed cattle, and cattle also require more water, so I would say that almonds are no worse than beef in terms of water consumption.
        • Almonds also require a hell of lot of water. A commodity that is in notably short supply in Southern California.

    • If you don't get the vitamins you need, then you will die of scurvy.
  • by biscuits1978 ( 2499858 ) on Friday May 23, 2025 @03:40PM (#65399693)
    Heard that drink mix used to be popular there for some reason.
  • Out of 186 countries, only Guyana produces enough food to self-sufficiently feed all its citizens without foreign imports

    So only one nation is exporting enough food to support the food needs of 186 countries? And that one country is Guyana? It seems like there is something wrong with their math here....

    • No, just something wrong with your reading comprehension.
      • Everybody likes a little ass. Nobody likes a smart ass.
      • self-sufficient /slfs-fshnt/
        adjective
        Able to provide for oneself without the help of others; independent.

        So those countries have enough food, they just choose to trade it for something else. If they all decided to stop trading, then they would still have enough food, right? That fits the definition of "self-sufficient" in my mind.

    • Nothing wrong with the math. You're ignoring trade. If Mongolia produces meat and dairy, but insufficient fruits and vegetables, and Ukraine produces wheat, but insufficient meat and dairy, they enter into trade, they both get the food they need, and neither produces enough food for domestic consumption.

      • You're ignoring trade. If Mongolia produces meat and dairy, but insufficient fruits and vegetables, and Ukraine produces wheat, but insufficient meat and dairy, they enter into trade, they both get the food they need

        So you're saying that if they ate everything they made, instead of trading it, then they would be "self-sufficient"? In other words, they have enough food, just not all of the items people prefer to eat? I don't get why this is a story. Isn't that how everything works? I am "self-sufficient" but I don't literally grow my own food, I produce something the food grower wants, and then I trade them for food.

    • No, it's only saying that Guyana is not a net importer of any of the 7 specified food groups. For example, the USA and Canada are net importers of fruits, vegetables, and fish, and are self-sufficient in dairy, meat, legumes/nut/seeds, and starchy staples.

  • Just looked it up to verify. Guyana is almost one of the world's wealthiest countries and is getting richer. Seems like only 20 years ago they were one of the poorest. Nowadays in terms of per-capita GDP purchasing power they rank higher than the USA. The secret -- they found oil just a few years ago. Reference: https://www.statista.com/stati... [statista.com]

    Random video of what it's like in Guyana: https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]

    I havent been there, but looks worth checking out.

    • Venezuela is on the verge of invading Guyana. Hold off on buying plane tickets.

    • Just looked it up to verify. Guyana is almost one of the world's wealthiest countries and is getting richer.

      Sort of. Large oil reserves were discovered in 2015. According to Wikipedia, Guyana "is now ranked as having the fourth-highest GDP per capita in the Americas after the United States, Canada, and The Bahamas. According to the World Bank in 2023, very significant poverty still exists and the country faces significant risks in structurally managing its growth." A case could be made that Guyana the country is rich, but it's certainly obvious that much of Guyana the people is poor.

  • Step 1... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by TheMiddleRoad ( 1153113 ) on Friday May 23, 2025 @03:47PM (#65399723)

    Step 1: Create arbitrary definition of self-sufficiency.
    Step 2: ...
    Step 3: Publish stupid article and become famous for a day.

    • The definition isn't completely arbitrary, but it also isn't useful. Having availability of a balanced diet is a good thing but in times of war or international supply chain disruption you'll be perfectly fine if you skip a couple of food groups. Heck I've been skipping fish for years.

  • by Tony Isaac ( 1301187 ) on Friday May 23, 2025 @04:05PM (#65399785) Homepage

    Not every part of the world, can grow every crop. Oranges and bananas and rice don't grow in Canada, and countries in desert climates have trouble growing any kinds of crops. On the other hand, those countries can export other things, such as minerals. Trade is a benefit, not a harm. There is no reason countries should strive to grow all their own food.

    • Someone should explain that to Trump and Brexit supporters. As I had to ask to someone recently, "Where do you think fresh produce at the grocery store during the winter originates?" The US does not and cannot grow 100% of everything for practical reasons.
    • There is no reason countries should strive to grow all their own food.

      Other than wanting to eat, if they are cut off by war, or embargoed or sanctioned for some reason.

      • I see all of these risks as good things. If you don't want to be cut off by war, or embargoed or sanctioned, find ways to make peace with your neighbors. If it hurts when those things happen, don't let those things happen! We, and especially countries, are not powerless.

        Growing everything at home on security grounds, makes it easier to be obnoxious to your neighbors.

    • When there are world issues, preventing trade, then the countries that import food heavily risk famine.

      The USA and France (two countries I'm familiar with) produce enough food for their internal need and export a lot of surplus food. They do import a lot of food as well but things that are less cost effective to produce locally such as some common fruits and vegetables. Bananas and oranges were luxury items in most of Europe 100 y ago.

      Japan is one country that would be in trouble if they could not get food

      • World issues that prevent trade, are precisely why we *should* trade more with each other. If we are deeply embedded in each other's economies, we are less likely to be obnoxious to our neighbors, because cutting them off will be as difficult for us as for them. Countries that are self-sufficient, are more likely to be belligerent to their neighbors.

  • Not a great read. No table of the data by country. The only way to see how your country is doing is from the crap maps they have. Maps so crap they leave off New Zealand, a major food producer and a land mass bigger than the UK.

    Clearly these guys missed this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com] with a few famous faces. Wikipedia explains it https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org] but really how much can take from a study which has clearly taken shortcuts.
  • Meat and Dairy aren't being overproduced or overconsumed, even if they have risks, they are standing against the biggest problems facing world health. Dieticians might be asking people to replace meat and dairy with asparagus and quinoa but people are fat and malnourished because they're eating too much corn and other low nutrition density, high calorie foods.

    This stands as a good reminder that if your assumption is that everyone else is wrong there's a good chance it's actually you.

    • What about examples such as Aristarchus whom everyone believed was wrong for proposing a heliocentric theory of the solar system? Or Ignaz Semmelweis who advocated washing hands before surgery when every other doctor (such as President Garfield's) thought that what you can't see can't hurt you?

  • in a global economy, are we assuming this should be the goal? I guess if we're gearing up for war, we care. Otherwise, why is this result interesting.
    • Look at the US and the EU. Or the US and the ASEAN countries. Or the US and Canada. Or the US and Mexico.

      Sure, the US was always mercenary, but did you ever expect to see it go full evil? Threatening invasion or economic destruction to any nation that isn't rendering tribute? Just a little over a decade or so I'd have said it would never happen, but here we are.

      That's why every nation should be able to support its own population. Even with a really great mutually beneficial partnership, you're one gen

    • Redundancy in case of catastrophe or accident doesn't hurt. Until you don't have it and need it, then people suffer.

      One global economy where multiple points exist that are a single point of failure is already showing signs of being a real problem that we are blindly ignoring.
    • I think this is probably the most insightful comment in the thread, being able to produce everything in our own countries should not be the goal. Getting along so we can have fair trade should be the goal.

      More countries could produce all of the food they needed, if they tried. But they would have to lean heavily on certain foodstuffs which work where they are in order to do that, and diets would become necessarily less diverse as a result for almost everyone.

  • Why aren't they starving to death then?

  • First, note the slippery words used:

    The post says "only Guyana produces enough food to self-sufficiently feed all its citizens without foreign imports..." - it's NOT saying only Guyana is CAPABLE of doing it (though that's implied). That sentence alone also implies, by saying "without foreign imports", that countries other than Guyana that are sufficiently feeding their people are NEEDING to do it with imports. If you drill down to the actual study, you find the line "Over a third of all countries cannot me

  • Produces everything it needs; it must trade. That's why Trump's tariffs are a disaster. Autarky doesn't work and every country that has tried it has ruined its economy. This is Economics 101, people.

  • I call bullshit. Just because a country like the USA chooses to import and export food and feed our calories to make meat doesn’t mean don’t produce enough to feed ourselves. It might not be the food we want but we easily produce enough corn, wheat, sugar, potatoes, soybeans to account for all our calories.

It's not hard to admit errors that are [only] cosmetically wrong. -- J.K. Galbraith

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