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Businesses United States Government The Almighty Buck

Authors of Controversial 'Seattle Minimum Wage' Study Revise Their Conclusions (bloombergquint.com) 290

Seattle's increase in the minimum wage "brought benefits to many workers employed at the time, while leaving few employed workers worse off," reports the New York Times -- citing a new study by the same researchers who'd claimed last year that workers were hurt by the wage increase.

"The dire warnings about minimum-wage increases keep proving to be wrong," argues a Bloomberg columnist, in an article shared by gollum123: The authors behind an earlier study predicting a negative impact have all-but recanted their initial conclusions. However, the authors still seem perplexed about why they went awry in the first place.... The increase was an "economic death wish" that was going to tank the expansion and kill jobs, according to the sages at conservative think tanks... Despite their dire forecasts, not only were new restaurants not closing, they were in fact opening; employment in food services and drinking establishments has soared...

As we noted in 2017, the study's fatal flaw was that its analysis excluded large multistate businesses with more than one location. When thinking about the impact of raising minimum wages, one can't simply omit most of the biggest minimum-wage employers in the region, such as McDonald's and other fast-food chains, or Wal-Mart and other major retailers... There were two other glaring defects in the first study that are worth mentioning. The first is that its findings contradicted the vast majority research on minimum wages. As was demonstrated back in 1994 by economists Alan Krueger and David Card, modest, gradual wage increases have not been shown to reduce employment or hours worked in any significant way. Ignoring that body of research without a very good reason made the initial University of Washington study questionable at best. Second, there potentially is a problem with having a lead researcher -- economist Jacob Vigdor, whose affiliations among others include the right-leaning Manhattan Institute -- whose impartiality is open to question.
Long-time Slashdot reader Martin S. writes that "When the UK introduced the minimum wage we had the same doom and gloom scenarios," adding that "the reality was very different." He argues that increasing the minimum wage "increased productivity so business did not suffer, reduced government spending on benefits, and increased the the velocity of money improving the overall economy.

"It had no measurable effect on unemployment."
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Authors of Controversial 'Seattle Minimum Wage' Study Revise Their Conclusions

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  • by hey! ( 33014 ) on Saturday October 27, 2018 @11:45AM (#57545203) Homepage Journal

    Either way. Why would you expect the effect of a minimum wage increase to always do the same thing, regardless of the size of the increase or other circumstances in the economy? I'd expect depending on the size and circumstance that the effects would vary.

    It's kind of like how I feel about government spending. Politicians tighten the public belt when there's a recession and spend like crazy when times are good. They should do exactly the opposite. When times are good they're taking money out of an economy that's doing well at turning dollars to jobs. When times are bad they're keeping dollars in an economy that's not converting dollars to jobs very well.

    • by plopez ( 54068 ) on Saturday October 27, 2018 @11:52AM (#57545237) Journal

      That's the core of Keynesian Econoics, which most mainstream economists these days consider voodoo,;as you can't write up a nice, neat, overly clever set of equations to describe; but which is the only economics which has been proven to work in the real world.

      • by hey! ( 33014 )

        Well, again that seems simplistic to me. Keynes said you could just bury money in the ground and let people dig it up, and it'd have a stimulative effect, and I'm sure that's true. But I do think it makes a difference what you spend money on. The government should spend money on things like infrastructure that improve private sector productivity when the economy turns around.

    • by mspohr ( 589790 )

      Yes, the Federal government should increase spending during recessions and save up when the economy is going well. As you point out, the politicians are stupid and mostly just give money to their donors... i.e. cut taxes for the rich and cut spending on anything that might benefit everyone else regardless of the economy.
      State and local government does have the constraint that they have to have balanced budgets so they tend to spend less when tax receipts go down during a recession.

      • the politicians are stupid and mostly just give money to their donors.

        That may be self-interested and greedy, but it is not stupid.

        If anyone is stupid, it is the voters that re-elect them.

    • by schnell ( 163007 ) <me&schnell,net> on Saturday October 27, 2018 @12:09PM (#57545283) Homepage

      It's kind of like how I feel about government spending. Politicians tighten the public belt when there's a recession and spend like crazy when times are good. They should do exactly the opposite. When times are good they're taking money out of an economy that's doing well at turning dollars to jobs. When times are bad they're keeping dollars in an economy that's not converting dollars to jobs very well.

      It depends on who you are, though. If you don't have a stable economic base or tax base (e.g. Greece) and/or don't have control over your own monetary policy (er... Greece again) then you don't really have a choice. You have to spend less when the economy is down because... you have less money to spend. Some economies are simply screwed up enough systemically that throwing more money into them will be a waste because they need to be fundamentally restructured. If your economy is totally based on something external you can't control (like oil prices or tourism) then printing more money is no better than a band-aid. There's no amount of money in the world that would make Venezuela's economy sustainable right now. So "austerity" is your only remedy if you don't have an economy that is fundamentally sound.

      However, Keynesian economics will tell you that you should inject money into the economy when it slows down - much like FDR did in the United States during the Great Depression, or the "Obama stimulus" infrastructure spending in 2008. Keynesian thinking follows what you suggest, but it's only practical in cases where you have control over your own money supply and there is a reasonable chance that all the economy is missing is enough people spending money.

      • (er... Greece again) then you don't really have a choice.

        The Greeks did have a choice. The problem is that they chose poorly and are now living with the consequences.

        Even when the cost of their financial recklessness was becoming obvious, they continued to elect irresponsible populists who promised them cost-free bread and circuses.

        In 2009, the average retirement age in Greece was 57. Germans work to 67. Why should a German factory worker get up and go to work every morning for an extra decade to pay younger Greeks to relax?

      • if they hadn't been shut out of the world banking system by US sanctions. I've never once heard a good explanation _why_ we sanctioned them either. Meanwhile the Saudi's just murdered a permanent resident (more or less a citizen finishing up their paperwork) and we didn't just turn a blind eye, we bluntly said "we make too much money selling them bombs to punish them".

        I'm not saying Venezuela is some kind of wonderful, lord knows they've got their problems, but like all of South America they'd have a lo
    • by sphealey ( 2855 )

      - - - - - Why would you expect the effect of a minimum wage increase to always do the same thing, regardless of the size of the increase or other circumstances in the economy? - - - - -

      Well, I wouldn't, but that is what Microeconomics 101 says (and Micro 401 just barely hints might not be entirely correct), and 90% of the Western world's economic policy since 1980 has been based on simplistic Micro 101 theories, so it directly affects all Citizens in those regions.

    • but my politicians spend non stop good or bad times. Oh... you meant on social programs & healthcare? Yeah, they cut those nonstop. We're in an economic boom over here and the speaker of the house just called to end Social Security & Medicare. [latimes.com]

      Socialism for the rich, Dog eat dog for the poor.
      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        Two questions:

        1. Do you realize that 70% of Federal spending is on welfare and retirement benefits (in which Social Security and Medicare reside)?

        2. Do you realize that Social Security and Medicare are in a deficit spending situation, are projected to both go completely bankrupt within 12 years without major reworking?

    • by anegg ( 1390659 )

      Either way. Why would you expect the effect of a minimum wage increase to always do the same thing, regardless of the size of the increase or other circumstances in the economy? I'd expect depending on the size and circumstance that the effects would vary.

      I suspect that many people want an easy answer, and they want it to fit their pre-conceived notions of how things should work. If changes to the minimum wage have a single, predictable effect upon the economy, then we have a way to manage at least some aspects of the economy (and a clear blame target when things don't go as desired). Complicated mechanisms with conflated context, cause, and effect relationships are messy, hard to understand, and don't lend themselves to simple policy decisions.

    • Obama spent like crazy when he inherited housing bubble disaster from Bush. Heck, I got a new road.

  • There's probably a ratio on how much you can actually get away with, unpredicted side effects, local culture...

  • by Lije Baley ( 88936 ) on Saturday October 27, 2018 @11:51AM (#57545235)

    On the local radio here in Seattle, the study's purveyors did mention that it hurt entry-level opportunities. Similar to what sounds like the case in Britain, employers focus harder on getting more for their increased payouts, holding out for more experienced employees when hiring, and pushing productivity higher. I would question whether that situation actually results in better value for the workers.
    It seems a bit futile anyway. In an economic upswing, what the market gives, employers will tend to take, and what employers are then forced to give, the market too soon takes away when the cycle turns downward.

    • by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Saturday October 27, 2018 @12:45PM (#57545433)
      The study's mostly raw data. The other possibility is that higher wages are drawing more experienced workers the new workers can't compete with. But if that's the case the problem goes away if you make $15 the national wage; e.g. what's actually happening is those less experienced workers are stuck getting jobs outside of Seattle for less pay.

      Basically, Seattle's big enough that they're are probably outlying suburbs that have incorporated to dodge taxes and minimum wage laws (my city does just that). They're soaking up the new workers right now, probably right on the boarder. Heck, where I am right now I've got political signs for a proposition to pay for roads in the rich neighborhoods right down the street from me because those neighborhoods are technically another "city" than me. It's so they don't have to pay into the general fund but can take advantage of the city proper's amenities. Crap like this is why we have a national minimum wage.
  • Most economies can handle small changes over shorter periods of time, but over the long haul we will see the actual results.

    • by mspohr ( 589790 )

      It will be interesting to see if giving minimum wage earners more money translates to an improved economy as many economists predict.

      • It will be interesting to see if giving minimum wage earners more money translates to an improved economy as many economists predict.

        Most economists don't predict that it will improve the overall economy.

        They predict it will (modestly) reduce income inequality, which is not the same thing.

  • We repeatedly hear if you cut taxes, people will have more to spend which will help businesses and the economy grow. Why wouldn't the same thing happen if you give people a raise? In fact, giving people a raise not only gives them more money to spend, it also raises the amount of taxes taken in.

    • In fact, giving people a raise not only gives them more money to spend, it also raises the amount of taxes taken in.

      How does that even work out mathematically? If they weren't being paid more, then the business (or the customers of the business) would have that money instead. If the business keeps all of it, they pay more taxes on the extra profit. If the customers have it, they spend it elsewhere in which case it's tax neutral. If you wanted to look at the more complex reality, the people getting a minimum wage raise don't pay much in the way of taxes, so you probably collect more from taxing additional business profits

      • then the business (or the customers of the business) would have that money instead.

        The amount of money these people earn allows them to become customers to others. The business can simply raise costs to cove the increase in wages. Also, businesses can use the increased cost of wages to deduct from their taxes. Overall, the velocity of money increases since more is being put into circulation.

        If the business keeps all of it, they pay more taxes on the extra profit.

        Businesses don't want extra profit. Any

        • Businesses don't want extra profit.

          I think you really need to rethink what you're writing as this makes no sense at all. Sure, there's no incentive for extra profit at 100% tax rate, but no countries are even close to 100% corporate tax rates and up until recently the U.S. had one of the world's highest corporate tax rates.

          Thus, having higher salaries lowers a businesses tax bill (see above).

          It also potentially lowers their profits. But according to your logic, businesses don't want those. Think of it this way. If what you wrote were in any way true, you wouldn't need a minimum wage. Businesses would already b

  • "study's fatal flaw was that its analysis excluded large multistate businesses with more than one location"
    So it harmed small businesses the most! So all new businesses need to do is start out as a large multi state business with more than one location.
    OK, simple enough, should we print up a pamphlet telling individuals who want to start a business how they should do it.

    Just my 2 cents ;)
    • they're doing just fine. It had a very small impact on hiring new workers. That said, it's entirely possible those workers are still getting jobs just fine outside Seattle city limits. And that's probably not even a long drive. A common trick the well to do use is incorporate a suburb just outside city limits so they don't have to pay taxes and higher minimum wage to their workers but can still enjoy all the benefits of living in a major city. I'll bet when you look at the data you'll see exactly that at pl
      • by anegg ( 1390659 )

        We need a national $15 wage and it needs to adjust for inflation (and "real" inflation, e.g. the price of the sorts of things a minimum wage worker buys, no fair including BMWs in that, no matter what talk radio tells you $15/hr doesn't buy you a BMW).

        What is your perspective on the differences in buying power of that $15/hour wage in different locations? A $15/hour wage in San Francisco is very different than a $15/hour wage in Peoria. What would be the effect of that difference?

  • businesses into receivership should be obvious.

    Businesses hire people when there's profitable work that needs to be done. They don't hire people when there's no work for them to do.

  • even though I haven't made min wage in 20+ years. Let me explain (no no, there is no time, let me sum up).

    Scenario 1: Guy makes min wage. It's not enough. Guy works really hard, learns new skill gets new job making twice minimum wage. Enters new job market, wages in that market go down because supply just went up.

    Scenario 2: Guy makes min wage. It's enough. Guy is content in his job and life. Doesn't enter my segment of the job market. My wages go up because supply goes down.

    TL;DR;, Supply and De
    • I think you're overlooking something fairly important. It really doesn't matter what your wages are if you don't factor in what your costs are. Otherwise, by your logic you could conclude that expensive rent raises your wages because it makes it impossible for employers to hire anyone who can't afford to live in the expensive apartments. This is true in a way, but it doesn't mean that you're financially better off. Does it matter if you make $150,000 and pay $100,000 for your various expenses as opposed to
  • https://www.google.com/search?... [google.com]

    September 2009 (Seattle's peak)
    Seattle unemployment 8.7%
    Portland unemployment 10.4%

    May 2018
    Seattle unemployment 3.0%
    Portland unemployment 3.1%

    Portland Minimum wage 11.25
    Seattle Minimum wage 15.45
    Looks like Portland with a lower minimum wage had a larger and faster recovery especially since portland had a peak unemployment rate of 11.4% in Jun of 09

    Odds are if Seattle hadn't raised its minimum wage it would have hit full employment faster, and would have reached the point wh

    • by sjames ( 1099 ) on Saturday October 27, 2018 @01:45PM (#57545703) Homepage Journal

      And yet Seattle is still doing better than Portland. Portland only had a larger recovery because it was worse off.

      Your logic suggests that if you stub your toe, you should break your femur with a hammer so you can have a bigger recovery./

      Fuzzy headed thinking like that would be really really funny except that it needlessly increases suffering in the world.

    • Looks like Portland with a lower minimum wage had a larger and faster recovery especially since portland had a peak unemployment rate of 11.4% in Jun of 09

      You're conflating many different kinds of recovery. So what if they improved their employment rate when they're getting paid less? You could lower the minimum wage to $1 and get 100% employment on that basis. Would that be a recovery?

      • Well if you don't have a job you aren't being paid anything. What's more you are probably consuming tax funded social services.

        You could lower the minimum wage to $1 and get 100% employment on that basis

        Well seeing as the real minimum wage is always $0 aka unemployment that doesn't actually seem to work the way you think it does.

        Out of curiosity just how much of the workforce do you think works for minimum ?

        • You presented one figure as if that proves your point. But now you're basically proving my point that your one single number doesn't paint an accurate or complete picture. You claimed Portland "recovered" "faster", but you make no attempt to recognize there are different forms of recovery, some of which are meaningless and is only there to trick people who only like to choose the one number that suits their argument and ignore the others that don't.
        • Well if you don't have a job you aren't being paid anything. What's more you are probably consuming tax funded social services.

          Having a job at a minimum wage below poverty level does not significantly affect consumption of social services. It just allows an employer to take advantage of a taxpayer subsidized asset.

          You could lower the minimum wage to $1 and get 100% employment on that basis

          Well seeing as the real minimum wage is always $0 aka unemployment that doesn't actually seem to work the way you think it does.

          Out of curiosity just how much of the workforce do you think works for minimum ?

          A very large percentage of the workforce is affected by the minimum wage. It is a base. When you raise the base you raise the level of the workforce near the base. It is much like compressing a spring. Those closest to the base usually get immediate but somewhat lesser raises along with those at the base while the raises

    • Seattle raised it to $15.45 for large chains this year, with exceptions for smaller businesses that go as low as $14 without benefits and $11.50 with them. Meanwhile, Portland's current minimum wage is actually $12.00 and not $11.25 as you've stated.

      Thus, it is presently possible to actually earn a smaller official minimum in Seattle than in Portland, provided you work for a small company with tips and/or good benefits.

      When actually considering the past the situation is not that different: In 2009, Seattle' [seattletimes.com]

    • Study yields results you agree with. "Of course! It was obvious to begin with." No further review is done.
    • Study yields results you disagree with. You puzzle over it, nitpick at it, until you come up with some mitigating factors, and can reverse the findings of the study.

    That introduces a confirmation bias, where studies will (after revision) on average have results which tend to confirm your preconceived beliefs. To avoid bias, all study results need to be nitpicked to the same degree. You may rem

  • Think of it this way. A man is told by his doctor that his blood sugar is too high, and he is in danger of diabetes. So he changes what he eats and reducers his A1C blood sugar from 8 to 6. He feels great. He has lost weight, looks good and thinks "Wow, if this is so good, I should do it some more. He cuts his food again and reduces his A1C down to 4.7. He feels even better, being in the mindset of more is better, changes his diet again, bringing his A1C down do 3, whereupon he falls into a comma,

    • 60 years ago taxes may have been too high

      You should account in your theory somewhere for the fact that in constant dollars per capita, federal total revenue has gone up 3x over the last 60 years [usgovernmentrevenue.com]. So maybe we're actually on average being required to pay 3x as much as we used to for a not significantly improved "product" from the federal government.

      But don't worry, spending measured the same way over the same time period has gone up almost 4x [usgovernmentspending.com]

      The federal deficits aren't a revenue problem, they're a spending p

  • "Increased productivity" is code word for "eliminated half the jobs and made the remaining workers work twice as hard". I'm not sure that's a net positive for the working poor.

    • by nnull ( 1148259 )

      "I'm not sure that's a net positive for the working poor."

      It isn't, nor do I notice it making it a drive to push for more automation. Most businesses would rather shut down because the lack of skilled people to help you automate isn't there and hiring skilled people for higher wages or salaries, they don't want to do. A lot of my vendors have employment expectations of a PHD equivalent working minimum wage. We have more MBA's, lawyers and psychologists than engineers, further making it worse for the worki

  • In On the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that the big reason why Great Britain was able to dominate like it was able to in the late eighteenth century was due to a lack of inflation for 200 years and that unskilled laborers had a steady wage to cover food, housing, and living expenses for themselves and two dependents, over those 200 years. I agree whole heartedly with the conclusion.
  • by 140Mandak262Jamuna ( 970587 ) on Saturday October 27, 2018 @01:29PM (#57545649) Journal
    First we need to stop thinking of these businesses as job creators. The pizza joint is NOT the job creator. At any given night there are about 200 or 300 people willing to buy pizza nearby, they are the job creators. Demand for goods and services are the job creators. If any pizza joint owner struts around being the job creator, we need to puncture his/her ego. There are enough people with money and resources willing to start a pizza joint, if A balks, let A walk away, there is always someone else willing to start that business and "create" those jobs.

    When minimum wage goes up by a buck, the pizza joint owner knows his pay roll is going to up by 2000$ per employee per year. But all the people who buy pizza from him, their income goes up by 2000$ too. At 20$ a sale, if 100 more pizzas per employee get sold per year the payroll increase has been met. This is two additional pizza per week! Instead of asking, "would you pay your employees 1$ more per hour?" if you ask, "Would you like all your customers to get 1$/hr pay increase?" they might answer differently.

    But the small business people are extremely cautious. Especially the ones that inherited their business. The ones who started from scratch are less risk averse. The only certainty is the payroll going up. Customers might buy 2 more pizza a week, or they might affluent and go the steak joint once a while and his sales might not go up. So they discount any positive outcome that might happen due to increased purchase power of the customer base, and oppose minimum wage increases.

    Small increases, gradually done, automatically going up to account for inflation would be the way to introduce it. Real wages have been declining in America since the 1980s. Slightly higher than inflation adjustment, something like 3 or 4% every year, year after year, would help the economy.

    • First we need to stop thinking of these businesses as job creators. The pizza joint is NOT the job creator.

      You have it ass backwards, today companies manufacture wants via advertising for shit people largely don't need. They have an army of psychologists and scientists trying to get you addicted to their product. The average consumer is NOT savvy, one only needs to take a look at the numbers. There are 43 million people in poverty.

      https://www.census.gov/library... [census.gov]

    • by AHuxley ( 892839 )
      Re "This is two additional pizza per week!"
      People may not want that kind of extra pizza spending. The people who once spend money on pizza may want to try other food, eat at home.
      Their wage may go to a holiday, savings, a hobby, repairs, lifestyle.
      Now the "pizza" shop is stuck with the gov wage demands to cover and the same number of pizza to make and sell.
      The local wage pressure of the workers who deliver all the flour, meat, dairy products. So daily costs go up as part of pizza costs.
      The "pizza"
  • So basically... (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Chas ( 5144 ) on Saturday October 27, 2018 @03:05PM (#57546015) Homepage Journal

    The law destroyed a bunch of local businesses that couldn't make it on the new margins.

    But a bunch of big multi-state/national corporate conglomerates hung on and expanded their reach...

    Okay, good for the conglomerates and all.
    But that means the profits are, eventually, leaving the state.

    As opposed to remaining local the way it did with smaller owners...

    Not sure that's something to crow about and celebrate.

    • by AHuxley ( 892839 )
      The smaller owners don't have the ability to cover new wages for no result.
      That not money for improvements. Thats not spending for growth.
      A new tax imposed to pay the same workers for the same job.
      Money that cant be made back as the worker gets the money.
      Gone is the ability to grow. No more saving for equipment, new products, new services.
      Any money is now lost to a wage for the same productive level.
  • by RhettLivingston ( 544140 ) on Saturday October 27, 2018 @03:20PM (#57546079) Journal

    For the folks at the lower to middle end of the economic spectrum, some inflation can be really nice. The propaganda against it is based more on the concerns of the upper class.

    I remember the days of hitting more than 10% in the late 70s-early 80s. In the middle class, wages managed to mostly keep up while many of the bills did not - especially their fixed rate loans on homes and cars. My parents did well during that time. In a short time, inflation reduced the lifetime costs of their homes and cars by a double-digit percentage. That became a significant amount of extra spending money in their pockets for years to come due to the reduction in the proportion of their income going to those major bills.

    Moderately higher inflation, especially for short periods as in the adjustment after sudden raises, can be a boon for the struggling worker class and even for large corporations with heavy long-term fixed rate debt. It is publicized as bad because it hurts financial institutions holding those loans, reducing the profit they make off of the less affluent.

  • Amazing (Score:2, Insightful)

    by meglon ( 1001833 )
    It is truly amazing to see all these fucking idiot conservatives STILL using the same stupider than fuck arguments against raising the minimum wage when they've been proven wrong consistently by the reality of what actually does happen. How fucked in the head does someone have to be to ignore reality when it continues to slap you in the face? Are there no conservatives out there with even the smallest functioning brain?
  • by AHuxley ( 892839 ) on Saturday October 27, 2018 @05:14PM (#57546487) Journal
    taken from existing profits so that business expansion plans get reduced.
    Taken from needed equipment upgrades. So any competitive advantage is lost.

    What does the business get for that finding money to pay for new wage spending? The same quality of worker.

    The way out of that is to move to a much better city and state that allows a business to grow rather than be wage taxed.

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