Please create an account to participate in the Slashdot moderation system

 



Forgot your password?
typodupeerror
×
The Almighty Buck

Banks in Germany Tell Customers To Take Deposits Elsewhere (wsj.com) 193

Interest rates have been negative in Europe for years. But it took the flood of savings unleashed in the pandemic for banks finally to charge depositors in earnest. From a report: Germany's biggest lenders, Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank, have told new customers since last year to pay a 0.5% annual rate to keep large sums of money with them. The banks say they can no longer absorb the negative interest rates the European Central Bank charges them. The more customer deposits banks have, the more they have to park with the central bank. That is creating an unusual incentive, where banks that usually want deposits as an inexpensive form of financing, are essentially telling customers to go away. Banks are even providing new online tools to help customers take their deposits elsewhere.

Banks in Europe resisted passing negative rates on to customers when the ECB first introduced them in 2014, fearing backlash. Some did it only with corporate depositors, who were less likely to complain to local politicians. The banks resorted to other ways to pass on the costs of negative rates, charging higher fees, for instance. The pandemic has changed the equation. Savings rates skyrocketed with consumers at home. And huge relief programs from the ECB have flooded banks with excess deposits. Banks also have used the economic dislocation of the pandemic to make operational changes they have long resisted.

This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

Banks in Germany Tell Customers To Take Deposits Elsewhere

Comments Filter:
  • "have told new customers since last year to pay a 0.5% annual rate to keep large sums of money with them"

    That seem a non issue for everybody not having a large a sum of money, e.g. the crushing majority of the population. And they seem to take the fee where they should : from large deposit and not small fish.
    • by Salgak1 ( 20136 )

      That depends on what "large sums of money" are defined as. Without details, one cannot evaluate this. . .

      • I've seen something similar from a french bank. It was for deposits over 50 000 euros. According to TFA this german bank charges for deposits over 100 000 euros.

        The average joe is not affected by this. Not even close. We are not talking about an investment savings account here but a checking bank account.

        • by dgatwood ( 11270 )

          I don't think having 50k Euros in cash is necessarily that outrageous. In an ideal world, you should keep three to six months of living expenses in cash, just in case things go horribly wrong (lost jobs, etc.). So for upper middle class and up, that's potentially not out of bounds.

          Of course, you can always spread it across multiple banks to avoid having that much in a single account, and it's probably a good idea to do so in general, so this isn't *really* a problem for most people, but it is potentially

          • I don't think having 50k Euros in cash is necessarily that outrageous. In an ideal world, you should keep three to six months of living expenses in cash, just in case things go horribly wrong (lost jobs, etc.).

            You don't need that amount in cash. You need it available in a couple of days in case of an emergency. It can be a credit line. It can be a liquid investment.
            I have that amount on a credit line (low interest rate, backed by my house) but not in a banking account. Especially not a checking account that would give me 0-0.1% interest. And I could always sell stocks as well. No problem sleeping at night.

            One thing it does make more challenging, however, is home buying/building/remodeling. (This, of course, only applies to people who save up their money to do those things, as opposed to just taking out a huge loan.)

            You can always get a short term, safe investment which will give you more return than just parking your money

          • It is in Germany. There are social safety nets that help during a job loss and huge medical expenses aren't a thing either. And simce the majority rents their homes and expensive remodeling isn't done that often because most houses are made of brick and concrete instead of wood, that isn't really a reason either. All this also causes the wages for the top earners being lower.
            Finally EUR 50000 is way more than six months of living expenses, more like several years.

            • by dgatwood ( 11270 )

              It is in Germany. There are social safety nets that help during a job loss and huge medical expenses aren't a thing either.

              Yes, the order-of-magnitude higher cap on unemployment over there certainly doesn't hurt. I'll grant you that.

              Finally EUR 50000 is way more than six months of living expenses, more like several years.

              Six months of loan payments on a detached single-family home in Munich would total over $60k by themselves. The fact that the majority of people rent, rather than buying, doesn't change your obligation to pay down the loan if you are buying.

              Realistically, I can't imagine anybody being able to live on $60k for several years anywhere in the U.S. or Europe unless they either A. own their home and car

              • I could live for almost three years with that kind of money without compromising on my living standards. Then again I currently live in a quite expensive area. Not in Munich, though, no thanks. Had an opportunity to work there but never liked that city even as a tourist.
                Could probably last four years in the part of Germany where I used to live back in the day, by the way.

              • I do not need more than roughly 1500 EUR per month.
                So 50k would give me about 33 months.
                And a bit more than 1/3rd of that is rent, so no I do own my own house, and I do not own a car. Owning a car would cost money and not save any ...

                No idea from where you picked your example about paying a loan in Munich, people do usually not earn enough to pay 50k for half a year of loan on a house. How stupid expensive would such a house be? A typical payment for a house is 20 - 30 years, so your $60k example for 6 mont

                • by dgatwood ( 11270 )

                  No idea from where you picked your example about paying a loan in Munich

                  From the median single family detached home price (Google search). I was surprised it was $2.1M, too. I'd have expected around half that.

          • In an ideal world, you should keep three to six months of living expenses in cash, just in case things go horribly wrong (lost jobs, etc.).
            For that you have unemployment insurance in Europe.

            It is relatively stupid to have mediocre sums like this in a bank account, as the "welfare state" will force you to spent it first before you get welfare. So private persons usually put the money into state agreed savings which can not be so easily touched/liquidated.

        • by Hadlock ( 143607 )

          In the USA the savings rate is abysmal, yes many (40%) of americans can't afford a sudden $400 expense out of pocket. However, the top half of the other 60%, largely people on the upper end of the spectrum, pensioners, people less than 20 years from retirement etc are largely sitting on 30-60k+ (depends on where you live) in savings. Exceptionally low inflation rate makes it much less of a risk to keep money in the bank, rather than investing it. There are lots of retired plumbers, craftsmen, welders etc wi

          • You don't have to invest it in volatile stocks. Bonds, monetary market, even a term deposit. Or if if it's to be used for retirement, you can buy an annuity, giving your a fixed amount of money until you die.
            Leaving it parked in a checking account is still a bad idea, period. But if you insist on doing it, well just pay the fee and stop complaining. It's not as if there wasn't alternatives. You can probably get a secure box at the bank and put 100 000 euros in cash in there as well. The fee could end up low

    • The related issue that impacts all of us is you can't make money on bank deposits. Relative to inflation, all savings accounts bear negative interest. Little choice but to go to the stock market. I sure hope this doesn't end badly.
      • Little choice but to go to the stock market.

        Another option is home equity.

        Germans are less likely to own their homes than people in other developed countries.

        They could buy instead of renting.

        • But we already did that 14 years ago. 'Dump your money into housing! Doesn't matter how high it already is, because it never goes down!'
          • The housing bubble wasn't caused by people dumping money into housing. It was caused by people overpaying for houses with often with loans with balloon payments or interest only loans where they could afford the interest payments but not principal payments. This was coupled with unscrupulous lenders helping people get into loans they can't afford then bundling those loans in to collateralize debt instruments that could be sold so that the lenders weren't left holding the bag. It wasn't that people were buyi
        • by joh ( 27088 ) on Monday March 01, 2021 @06:11PM (#61113512)

          Much too expensive and then you may move (or may not, who knows). Renting is cheaper and more flexible. Especially if EVERYTHING is adapted to that. Usually in Germany rent contracts are open-end and you can't be thrown out all of a sudden. Live there for a decade and your landlord needs to give you notice 12 months in advance. It's almost like owning the place. Most people even put a lot of work and money in making the place livable, this is not like renting in the US. When I moved in where I live now I immediately sanded and painted everything, including doors, and renewed the floors in several rooms. I live here now since 6 years and see no reason to move out any time soon. Why should I buy the place? I live here almost as if I owned it anyway. And my landlord is happy about it because he hates people moving in and out and doing nothing in between. When something important breaks (the basic rule in Germany is what is behind the walls is the job of the owner, everything else is the the job of the renter) I call him and he sends a handyman. And if I want to change anything that is not behind the walls I just do it, no reason to even ask.

          I would be crazy to buy a home. And the owner gets his monthly rent automatically and with no fuss at all.

      • Sounds like German banks have stopped loaning money if they can't make anything out of the savings they have.

    • by Pimpy ( 143938 ) on Monday March 01, 2021 @01:46PM (#61112302)

      Personally, sure, but it's a pain for companies. I received about 1M EUR for my company from a government research grant, and trying to find any bank that would let us keep this amount just sitting in our account was impossible. In the end, we had to split it between banks. First time I've ever had to face the situation of being turned away from a bank for having too much money. The first time our account manager said this to me, I just assumed he was joking. Many companies doing government-funded research will have the same problem of sitting on lump-sum prefinancing and being contractually prohibited from doing anything with the money besides parking it in an account (on account of not being permitted to profit from public funds).

      • by swilver ( 617741 )

        Whether it devalues at 0.9% (inflation rate) or at 0.9 + 0.5% makes little difference. It will devalue if you leave it sitting there, one way or another.

  • by JeffOwl ( 2858633 ) on Monday March 01, 2021 @12:47PM (#61111918)
    The German banks can deposit their money with me. I'll charge them half of what the ECB is charging them to hold onto their money.
  • by Zontar_Thing_From_Ve ( 949321 ) on Monday March 01, 2021 @12:48PM (#61111920)
    Japan has had negative interest rates since the 90s I think and the average Japanese person has, by US standards at least, an unusually large amount of cash saved up. Asian people in general tend to save money in huge amounts for various things.

    If negative interest rates aren't discouraging the Japanese, they may not work in Germany either. I don't know why these German people don't just invest in the stock market in Frankfurt. Any decent investment would at least go up a little bit and add to their total over letting the money sit and do nothing but pay fees for it staying put.
    • by OpenSourced ( 323149 ) on Monday March 01, 2021 @12:52PM (#61111932) Journal

      I don't know why these German people don't just invest in the stock market in Frankfurt. Any decent investment would at least go up a little bit ...

      Well, if all did that, the prices would be so high as to have no relation with underlying values, and you could risk losing most of your money. What do I say, if a string of bytes can be priced at $50000, surely a Lufthansa stock can go to infinity, and beyond.

    • There should be some incentives for people to invest instead of just sitting on their money, but it's not any better to encourage spending for the sake of spending. Punishing people for trying to be responsible is even worse. Negative interest rates may be something that's temporarily necessary for a variety of reasons, but holding it there long term is not going to be healthy or result in good behavior.
      • it's not any better to encourage spending for the sake of spending.

        Are you sure? If we have a permanent global excess of goods, but income is still apportioned by the production of more (i.e. holding a job) then we are going to have to figure out a very different system than what we have now.

        • but it's not any better to encourage spending for the sake of spending.

          That's literally the economy.

          I mean sure, encouraging people to spend themselves into a paycheck-by-paycheck lifestyle is no good (for the people) but otherwise, yes, spending for the sake of spending means more money is in motion, more goods are produced, and more people are employed.
          This of course doesn't have to be the case (when factoring in broken markets) but in general, it is.

          • Shit- sorry. Was meant for parent :(
          • Well spending for a more useful result than just owning stuff. Oh like say fixing all the infrastructure we've been using and neglecting for decades. Using a lot of it to fix all the environmental damage we've been doing. Really our pasts have left a lot of IOU's that all this money could be used for. Did no one think they didn't have to eventually be paid?

            • Well, the discussion particularly was about the economic impact of people sitting on their money (saving), and incentivising investment (keep the money in play, so to speak).
              Exact quote:

              There should be some incentives for people to invest instead of just sitting on their money, but it's not any better to encourage spending for the sake of spending.

              The implication was, that sitting on the money is equally as economically harmful as spending it will-nilly. This just isn't true.

              Now, as to whether or not one should be paying their past debts or getting that new roof instead of a new PSBox360 11, of course from a personal responsibility perspective, the answer is obviou

      • by Actually, I do RTFA ( 1058596 ) on Monday March 01, 2021 @01:25PM (#61112158)

        One way that used to be available to invest was to give your money to a bank. They would loan out that money at interest to small businesses and people buying houses and make a good ROI. They'd then keep some and give some to you. It didn't involve thinking much and was relatively risk free. That made it actively invested and allowed middle-class people to easily have a way to manage their money. The governments are loaning out money cheaply now, so that doesn't work. We haven't been capital limited since at least 2008, so you have the choice between a crazy high risk or a crazy low ROI.

      • Negative interest rates may be something that's temporarily necessary for a variety of reasons

        Ok, I just don't know enough about economic theory, can someone explain to me what possible scenario makes "negative" interest something you want or need?

    • Japan's negative interest rates in the 1990s were to combat an existing recession and deflation. The negative interest rates in Germany and the rest of the EU is to prevent a recession caused by the fall out from the collapse Lehman Brother and sovereign debt crisis which have resulted in an inflation rate of ~1%. It is all about keeping inflation from going negative. Japan had deflation, a negative inflation rate while Europe is trying to prevent deflation.

      It may not seem like a big difference, it is.
    • Negative real interest rates should never happen in a fiat based economy. Governments are able to produce as much currency as they want, so can promote inflationary pressures at any time. This means that they should be able to keep people's deposits in the bank with the promise of ~2% interest even though inflation might be running at ~3% - they are losing value on their deposits but it still makes sense to keep it in the bank.

      So the real question to be asked is where has inflation gone for the last decade?

      • The question is what you want to call inflation.

        The official inflation is super low. The perceived inflation is super high.

  • Then something stinks because banks are not working as 'intended'.

    'Your money is worth less here' - no bank should be saying this unless the economy is fucked.
    • A negative savings interest rate does not require a negative lending rate.

      The bank's profit is on the spread between the two. So if the savings interest rate is -0.5%, then I'd expect the mortgage interest rate to be a bit above that.... and it is at 0.8% [hypofriend.de].

      • by Halo1 ( 136547 )

        Banks do not lend out the money that other people put in a savings account with them. They haven't done that for 40 years or so. When they lend money, they create it out of thin air.

        Whenever a bank makes a loan, it simultaneously creates a matching deposit in the the borrower’s bank account, thereby creating new money. ...
        Rather than banks receiving deposits when households save and then lending them out, bank lending create deposits.

        In fairness, I have no idea what they actually can do with money that's put in savings accounts, other than placing it for safekeeping with a Central Bank. I doubt they're allowed to gamble with it on the stock market.

  • Lol. I'm reminded of a video I was watching where a banker was explaining to a customer that they didn't want to deal in bearer bonds because they were something that was mostly used by criminals for illegal activity. The economic system, though not the pockets of the 99%, is awash in cash (liquidity), and I hope we can avoid the perils of that. Hopefully Green Energy/energy grid infrastructure investments will deservedly come to be seen as a good depository for a lot of this dough, because that could abso
  • This has been a thing here in Denmark for the past year, though it’s gotten more so since the beginning of the year (limits before negative interest rate kicks in have dropped). Basically, if you have more than about 40’000 USD in the bank, you’re getting charged negative interest on that.

    Kinda sucks, but encourages me to get my money put to work, either in investing or in paying off debt (though motivation on that is low, since my mortgage, for example, is 1% 30-year fixed).

    • 1% APR is a 1.5% ROI over a negative 0.5% interest rate. However, this neglible-zero-negative interest rate goosing since 2008 seems like a horrible macroeconomic policy.

    • Kinda sucks if you are trying to save a liquid $60000 to use as a down payment on a house. This is not an unreasonable down payment for even a modest home.
    • I don't get the problem. Why would you not withdraw it? Invest it in something if it's so much that hiding it becomes too dangerous. Like starting a bank and lending your money to banks for a lower rate than thr ECB. ^^

  • 'Negative interest rates'? How the hell does that work!? More to the point, how is that legal? It sounds like a protection scam sounds:

    Hey, nice bundle of cash you've got there, would be a shame if someone.. stole it from you.. but hey, we're here to help, you know? We're happy to keep an eye on those fat stacks of cash for you; we got your back! All we need is a measly little 0.5% of it annually to, you know, cover expenses..

    • The bank has costs to keep your money safe. Normally, those costs are covered by the difference between the interest (remember those days!) between what your account pays and what they loan the money out for. If no one wants to borrow money, the bank still has costs and no income to offset it. So they need to charge their depositors.

      • No one wants to borrow? What reality is this? I'm sure someone wants to start up a nice drug empire and needs some cash. Heck borrow some and start a nice cryptofarm. I hear those are popular.

    • Yeah, and does this indicate that their government has no short term bonds to invest in? I admit to ignorance here. With longer term bonds are you at risk of taking a yooge hit if inflation were to pick up? By that I mean is the government under no obligation to let you just ask for your money back on a 30 year bond, and thus you'd have to sell it at a loss if inflation exceeded its rate of return? Now that I think about it, that sounds about right.
      • Negative interbank and bank interest rates are a means of stimulating the economy by increasing spending and lending. It has nothing to do with bonds besides lowering the interest rate a bond issuer needs to offer to sell the bond.

        "You can put your money in the bank and pay 0.5% interest to keep it there OR you can buy my bond and I will pay you 0.1% interest!"
    • It sounds like a protection scam

      Oh totally- remember that time the guy from JP Morgan Chase came to your house and forced you to store your huge fucking stacks of money that you were hiding under your mattress in their vault?

      Banks only offer positive interest if they can make money off of your money. Otherwise, you need to pay them for holding on to your cash in their vault using their resources and their security.

      • I'm not saying it *is* a protection scam, I just said it *sounds* like one. Of course, they're not strong-arming their customers.
        It's just so ass-backwards that you don't want to wrap your head around the idea.
        I had a similar reaction last year when I was hearing that crude oil futures had gone negative; they'd *pay* you to take the stuff away, literally.
        I'd also like to say that something like this makes me wonder if banks are going to collapse somehow. Not 'worried' about it, just 'wondering', because
        • by caseih ( 160668 )

          Most people seemed to misunderstand what the negative oil futures thing was all about. Most activity on a futures market never is completed into actual transactions. Most futures contracts are paper contracts only, and the buyers have no intention of actually owning any actual oil and the sellers have no intention to actually sell oil. In any trading period, the majority of the future contracts at play get canceled out. What happened this time around was that those who had bought futures positions coul

    • My understanding is the following:

      Private banks can get some money or deposit at the central bank. Usually the central bank has a positive interest rate, say 5%.
      So the private bank can get money at 5% and give you a loan for 6% to buy a house. They profit from the 1% difference. But they also have to cover their risk of you not paying back. They can also give you 4% when you deposit money since they can put that money in the central bank and again, profit. That operation is not very risky for them but they

      • by Halo1 ( 136547 )

        Private banks can get some money or deposit at the central bank. ...
        f you deposit some money now... what do they do with it? Either they loan it to someone else.

        They don't do either of those things. They create the money directly themselves [bankofengland.co.uk], and never use money from deposits to create loans (nor is the money created for loans backed by the deposits or so).

        • That doesn't explain why they would charge a yearly fee of 0.5% of 100k euros to merely keep track of a number (account balance) on a hard drive. They must have some regulation forcing them to deposit that money, or at least part of it, with the central bank. Therefore a negative central bank interest rate explain why the german bank do not want anymore money.

          • by Halo1 ( 136547 )

            They must have some regulation forcing them to deposit that money, or at least part of it, with the central bank.

            Afaik they don't:
            1) there's the minimum reserves [europa.eu]: the amount of money from savings/current accounts they have to keep on hand, for stability reasons
            2) the rest are excess reserves [europa.eu]. Banks can deposit those with the ECB at a (currently negative) interest rate (called the deposit facility rate [europa.eu]), or they can invest in more risky products like "longer-dated government bonds" [europa.eu]

            Of course, many government bonds also have negative rates right now. In the end, I think it's simply that banks have no place to invest the

            • So they can put it in the ECB, or purchase negative rate bonds. How about they keep it in their own vault? Since most of the money is digital anyways, why can't they do that instead of paying someone else (such as the ECB) to keep the money?

              • by Halo1 ( 136547 )

                I honestly don't know. That said, even if they don't do anything with the money, then they get 0% interest. And they still want to make profits, so rather than getting the interest differential from the governemnt/ECB rate minus what they give to their customers, they now get them directly from the customer.

        • Half right, but also half wrong.
          If money is deposited at a bank, the bank has to deposit a fraction of it at the central bank.
          If the bank is "creating money from thin air" by creating a loan, the bank has to take a fraction of that amount from the central bank as a loan.

    • You dont mind if I store some stuff at your place, then? No charge, yes? And you guarantee this storage in a manner that binds you somewhat legally, yes? I can come and get some or all of my stuff whenever I want, yes?

      Thanks. Of course you wouldnt charge for that.
    • It is quite legal.

      The reserve bank both lends money to and holds money as deposits for banks, a bank for banks as it were. Normally, interest is charged for lending out money. But, a negative interest rate means that interest is charged for deposits rather than lending. Think of it as rent for space in the safe. Positive interest rates encourage saving. Negative interest rates encourage spending and lending because it the less one has in the bank, the less one pays.
  • Or the equivalent government lending rates in any country. Here in the USA, a few powerful, highly conservative, economists have managed to convince the gov't that inflation is a TERRIBLE THING and that it's much better for profits and gains to go entirely to stockholders.
    I'm old enough to remember when home mortgages in the 11% to 15% range were standard, and we earned 5% on savings and checking accounts. This worked extremely well for retirees, among other non-1%er people.
    And no, microscopic home mortgage rates don't help anyone: they just let the sale price of housing go astronomical.

    • by deKernel ( 65640 )

      First, inflation is bad if allowed to continue for too long so yeah, might want to reread and actually understand your economics 101 again. Second, where else should profits and gains to from a business? I guess the people that actually did risk their money and invest in the company shouldn't be allowed to make the money.

      What is really freaking funny is that you remissness about home mortgages being 11-15%, but they complain about profits going to investors....just WTF do banks do with the money they make.

  • But all that saving is surely virtuous and can only lead to good things?

  • There was discussion in the UK about how mortgages that were tied to base rates would handle a negative interest rate.

    I thought that I had read that, ultimately a judge decided that mortgage rates could not go below zero, but I can't find anything to support that.

  • Start an old style bank that only loans from deposits. It was a low profit business but viable. People will be happy to earn some interest and the money will stay local.

"Oh what wouldn't I give to be spat at in the face..." -- a prisoner in "Life of Brian"

Working...