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Bitcoin The Almighty Buck

Bitcoin's Rise May Reflect a Monumental Transfer of Trust From Human Institutions Backed By Gov't To Systems Reliant on Well-Tested Code, Says Tim Wu (nytimes.com) 365

Tim Wu, a law professor at Columbia, writing for the New York Times: Yet as Bitcoin continues to grow, there's reason to think something deeper and more important is going on. Bitcoin's rise may reflect, for better or worse, a monumental transfer of social trust: away from human institutions backed by government and to systems reliant on well-tested computer code. It is a trend that transcends finance: In our fear of human error, we are putting an increasingly deep faith in technology (Editor's note: the link may be paywalled). What gives the Bitcoin bubble significance is that, like '90s tech, it is part of something much larger than itself. More and more we are losing faith in humans and depending instead on machines. The transformation is more obvious outside of finance. We trust in computers to fly airplanes, help surgeons cut into our bodies and simplify daily tasks, like finding our way home. In this respect, finance is actually behind: Where we no longer feel we can trust people, we let computer code take over. Bitcoin is part of this trend. It was, after all, a carnival of human errors and misfeasance that inspired the invention of Bitcoin in 2009, namely, the financial crisis. Banks backed by economically powerful nations had been the symbol of financial trustworthiness, the gold standard in the post-gold era. But they revealed themselves as reckless, drunk on other people's money, holding extraordinarily complex assets premised on a web of promises that were often mutually incompatible. To a computer programmer, the financial system still looks a lot like untested code with weak debugging that puts way too much faith in the idea that humans will behave properly. As with any bad software, it can be expected to crash when conditions change.
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Bitcoin's Rise May Reflect a Monumental Transfer of Trust From Human Institutions Backed By Gov't To Systems Reliant on Well-Tes

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  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @12:25PM (#55776889)

    People are buying bitcoins because of the increase in price. However, bitcoin has a lot of similarities to a Ponzi scheme. When the value of bitcoins plummets, that trust will go away.

    • by Rei ( 128717 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @12:54PM (#55777177) Homepage

      Indeed. I doubt most people buying bitcoin today even really understand exactly what it is. They just see "skyrocketing investment".

      • by q4Fry ( 1322209 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @01:58PM (#55777857)

        Maybe Tim Wu thinks that people in the 1600s trusted tulips more than their government. Let me try:

        ... The transformation is more obvious outside of finance. We trust in tulips to brighten our homes, help cycle carbon dioxide, and lift our spirits. In this respect, finance is actually behind: Where we no longer feel we can trust people, we let flora take over.

    • I don't think trust is a major factor in this increase in price. Trust was a factor when it got around the $100 range, being that we know the transmission is secure and private. However now it is pure bubble, People are buying them because they know they are valuable, and are hoping to sell them right before the pop and make out like a bandit. I expect the pop will bring them down to the $200 per bitcoin range. But this excess amount isn't based on trust, as when the bubble pops people know they will ha

    • Essentially then, this is not a shift in trust. It is only greed. And what happens when these greedy people want to take their profits? BOOM.
    • Bitcoin is nothing more than Pork Bellies, except you can't make bacon out of them.

    • When the value of bitcoins plummets, that trust will go away.

      For idiots, yes. There's always going to be folks who jump on a bandwagon, just because the bandwagon exists. There's an obvious need for a pure fiat currency not controlled by any government, that was demonstrated long before all the crazy investors jumped on. I get everyone is salty now that they're here, but it literally happens to every new fad so at some point in your life you just have to stop getting angry at that kind of thing and just move on with your life. Yes, bankers and investor will do du

    • People are buying bitcoins because of the increase in price. However, bitcoin has a lot of similarities to a Ponzi scheme. When the value of bitcoins plummets, that trust will go away.

      Some are. I'm pretty sure most are buying it to try and hide illegal activities from their government.

    • by perpenso ( 1613749 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @02:07PM (#55777933)

      People are buying bitcoins because of the increase in price. However, bitcoin has a lot of similarities to a Ponzi scheme. When the value of bitcoins plummets, that trust will go away.

      "To err is human, to really foul things up requires a computer"

      Or their wallet gets lost or corrupted and they have no backup (we know how good people are at backups)
      Or they forget their wallet passphrase.
      These things are irrecoverable. There is no one to appeal to in order to recover your coins. Its not like you can take your ID and visit the bank manager or government agency to regain control of an account.

      Or their exchange or online wallet provider gets hacked.
      No too big to fail government bailouts. You wanted independence from governments, here is the downside.

      Or a 51% attack occurs, one mining pool got to 50% a few years ago.
      Or a government intervenes, 70% of miners are in a single country not known for a hands off approach.
      Bitcoin has deviated from its design, its security compromised as a result. It assumed a large group of decentralized miners, we don't have that. Bitcoin must abandon its currently proof-of-work algorithm which is dominated by specialized and expensive ASIC hardware, it needs to switch to a GPU friendly ASIC resistant alrgorithm (repeat as necessary) or switch to proof-of-state as etherium will do. Only such changes can decentralize mining and get security back on the designed path.

    • by perpenso ( 1613749 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @02:08PM (#55777945)
      Its not "ponzi", its "greater fool".
      "The greater fool theory states that the price of an object is determined not by its intrinsic value, but rather by irrational beliefs and expectations of market participants. A price can be justified by a rational buyer under the belief that another party is willing to pay an even higher price. In other words, one may pay a price that seems "foolishly" high because one may rationally have the expectation that the item can be resold to a "greater fool" later." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]
    • by Dorianny ( 1847922 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @02:25PM (#55778117) Journal
      This is not a Ponzi scheme. A Ponzi scheme is a specific type of investment fraud, it is not a generic term for highly speculative investment bubbles that will likely lead to huge losses for whomever gets caught holding the bag when the bubble explodes. In fact this is not even a crime. People are knowingly speculating on cryptocurrencies despite the warnings from nearly everyone outside the bubble both from government and private institutions including the FED chairwoman, the SEC, practically all economists, nearly all financial advisors, CEO's, and CFO's, etc,etc. That's the nature of bubbles, the fear of missing out on the frenzy drowns out peoples natural instinct of loss-aversion
  • Not at all (Score:5, Insightful)

    by aepervius ( 535155 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @12:27PM (#55776907)
    It simply shows that since 1637 nobody learned anything, and this was confirmed with the various pyramide scheme scandal from the last decade, with one of the most well kniown being bernard madoff. People never learn, what we are seeing is not a shift in trust , what we are seeing is sheer speculation on trying to invest and cash in before the others.
    • It's not that people don't learn anything. It's that those who do learn eventually die of old age. And the new younger people who replace them have to learn it all over again, except many of them refuse to believe the wisdom their elders try to pass on to them, and end up having to learn the same old lesson by direct experience again..
  • More likely it's stupid rich people fighting amoung themselves to figure out who can lose the most money the fastest.
  • by Baron_Yam ( 643147 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @12:28PM (#55776917)

    >Bitcoin's rise may reflect, for better or worse, a monumental transfer of social trust: away from human institutions backed by government and to systems reliant on well-tested computer code.

    No. It represents the dreams of foolish cryptoanarchists, libertarians, gamblers, and scam artists. The mainstream financial involvement currently underway is the industry safely siphoning some money from the bubble.

    Any techie who is a proponent of a cryptocurrency is one who should not be employed in any capacity beyond desktop support.

    • Not to mention a gigantic waste of power. BTC processing is already consuming more power than Ireland, and energy per transaction is around 250kWh. CO2 emission per transaction is about the same as a 1000km trip by car. Think about how nicely that is going to scale up.
      • I don't mean this in a snarky or typical Internet way, but do you have sources for those metrics? I'd love to read how someone came to those figures.

      • by skids ( 119237 )

        Aside from the abysmal mis-allocation of resources the issue of power also belies TFA... cryptocurrencies rely on an advanced infrastructure, made up of "Human Institutions" to support their ongoing operations. There's no getting away from that shakey foundation. One big energy crisis and mining could become prohibitively cost-ineffective... and since mining and transactional ledgers go hand in hand, instead of making them more valuable for rarity, that'll make them pretty useless.

    • Uuuuuhhhh, so aggressive.
      Maybe, just maybe they were smarter than you and now they're cashing out like there's no tomorrow on account of the large mass of Average Joes buying BTC at very high prices, in which case who should not be employed in any capacity beyond desktop support?

  • Treasure to Tulip (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward

    This has 1990s tech bubble written all over it.

    In the 90s tech companies with no intrinsic value became extremely valuable. Bitcoin and its imitators seem to have exactly the same value as a tulip bulb, and at some point people will realize that paying $19,000 for a tulip is silly. That said, I wish I hadn't sat out Bitcoin's monumental rise. Would love to have some F.U. money right now...

    • by leonbev ( 111395 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @12:38PM (#55777015) Journal

      At least a Tulip has intrinsic value as a pretty flower. Cryptocurrency just takes up space on a disk if there is no network left to exchange them with.

      • You could argue the same thing about our most current currency systems. Physical currency is almost an afterthought. That being said at least Bitcoin transactions are cryptographically verified.
    • FYI...$19k. A bargain. IIRC The worst deal recorded was the trading of the Carlsbad beer brewery for 6 tulip bulbs. Right before that bubble popped.

  • Oh please (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Opportunist ( 166417 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @12:28PM (#55776927)

    If anything, it's a testament of how much money is accumulated on the supply side and cannot be invested in anything sensible because there is no demand due to a lack of purchasing power. If there was an actual economy still going on, investors would probably gladly invest into something more stable, but given the choice, what else can they pump their money into?

    • Good point, reinforced by Apple's inability to dispose of 680Bn in cash.

      There's nothing they can buy that will multiply their investment.

      • There's plenty that will multiply their investment. It's just that the time scale is longer than the attention span of their investors.
        • There's plenty that will multiply their investment. It's just that the time scale is longer than the attention span of their investors.

          And some of their attempts to make more money by investing money might fail. There's no greater sin than losing a rich person's money.

          Rich people believe they have the God-given right to get richer, as evidenced by their behavior, since, ooh, the beginning of time. To include feudal societies, theocracies, you name it. The form of government can shift and shift again, but the rich will always believe that the purpose of everything in the world is to make them richer. (Elon Musk appears to be the excepti

    • by swb ( 14022 )

      I really like this theory and I have thought so myself. I feel like a lot of economic activity that does take place isn't real economic activity, either.

      My question for you is, do you have any credible information that outlines this as a valid theory, ideally by someone with decent economics credentials? I've mentioned it to people with more economics understanding than I have and they poo-poo it.

      • Re:Oh please (Score:5, Interesting)

        by Opportunist ( 166417 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @01:31PM (#55777605)

        You expect them to admit that the Capitalist model could have flaws? For real?

        Producing doesn't make you rich, selling does. Without being able to sell your products, there is no revenue worse, producing makes you poor because you have to front the cost of parts and labour. And if an investor doesn't consider your business viable, i.e. if an investor doesn't think you could make those sales, he won't back you and front those costs for you.

        If an MBA can refute this, I'd be really interested to hear his arguments.

        • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

          by Anonymous Coward

          You hit it right on the nose. The direct cause of inequality (counting information assymetry as a factor in this), is because all the money is in being a swindling asshole, and there is a direct disadvantage to actually producing something. We see this in how companies are run, we see this in the stock market, we see this in private investment capital, and we see this in banking. Try to get a loan to produce an innovative new product. Now try to get a loan to buy some crap and then resell it for a profit. S

      • You could start from John Maynard Keynes and proceed from there to Galbraiths and Stiglitz and others. Or look for Mark Blyth in youtube, if you can handle thick scottish accent.
        To keep long story short, that was the "mainstream" economics thinking from 16th century until 1970's, when the hoodoo men from Chicago took over and reality-based economics was shunned to make way for unhindered greed.
    • I have come to the same tentative conclusion as an amateur.

      Stagnating wages and rising cost of living. Risk-averse investors that does not direct funds towards productive investments. Hence the focus on speculation and real estate. I believe this is the result of the massive increase of the money supply. Forces a lot of folks to partake in speculation and investment indirectly, yet the winners are only the financial institutions which becomes indispensable.

      And we are told that this is "good for us all". I d

  • So, what will happen to this "trust" when the bubble bursts?
    And that comparison of the financial system to untested code is rather cringe-worthy. Car analogies are much more insightful anyway.

    • by mark-t ( 151149 )

      I don't think it will burst. Its continual increase is attributable to people being willing to spend their own hard-earned money on things that they don't need. And I don't imagine that is going anywhere.

      That said, I still wouldn't bank on it. Largely because the amount of bitcoin that one would need to buy to see any kind of appreciable gain is simply prohibitively expensive.

      And I have better things to spend my money on than something I don't really urgently need.

  • by Phronesis ( 175966 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @12:30PM (#55776949)
    The debate over hard-forking Etherium demonstrates that even technological currency systems rely on trust in human governance. Thus, I'd see this more as people putting trust in technocrats (i.e., a perceived meritocracy) versus elected officials (i.e., democratic populism).
  • Bitcoin is.. (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Junta ( 36770 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @12:35PM (#55776987)

    Bitcoin is gambling meets unregulated financial market.

    Even with that, the total global trading volume of bitcoin is approximately 1% of the NYSE. Given the performance, that's crazy low trading volume getting extrapolated to total value. Because it's a complete crapshoot. It's economy by mob rule, and history has shown that as we got more connected, unregulated economic systems swing very far and wide, which is great when it goes up, impossibly devastating when it inevitably corrects if it is important.

  • No, it does not (Score:5, Insightful)

    by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @12:37PM (#55777005)
    It's a combination of money laundering, drug money and speculation. Everybody knows this. Sorry folks, but Bitcoin isn't going to be destroying and power structures you're unhappy with. The govt will step in and regulate shortly. As they should. Unregulated speculation is what causes market crashes.
  • This is an interesting angle on recent events. However, that faith in "technology" brings with it its own problems, and is in absolutely no way separate from "human institutions". Computer code is not some sort of magic entity that lives apart from human institutions. It seems like a bit of a false dichotomy.

    Also: "Well-tested code" seems to be a bit leading. Is this a hedge against when things fall apart ("Well, it wasn't well-tested!" )? Or just simple leading?
  • > Systems Reliant on Well-Tested Code, Says Tim Wu

    Tell that to Ethereum, how many times have they had to hard-fork to fix bugs in 'well-tested code'

  • We have already been blindsided by the unexpected ability of computers to drive road vehicles, a task at which they are already doing better than human drivers on on-road beta testing. We can call this the big driving problem.

    The small, simpler driving problem is automating the piloting of trains. Many city fixed-rail systems already use automated train operation. We can be certain that a computer wouldn't do anything as boneheaded as driving at 81 mph on a 30-mile curve.

  • The internet bubble came and burst. But look at what the internet is today. The bubble was just an exuberant expectation of something that builds value less slowly than expected..

    I agree that trust in national currency, which are governed by forces beyond citizen concerns, and backed by corrupt governments like our own, managed by inept financial institutions, etc is no longer bedrock. In times like these people would move to gold. So think of having bitcoin like having gold. And think of its price as bei
    • >bitcoin is the new gold

      No, it isn't.

      >When the day of financial reckoning comes

      Ah, you're one of THOSE Bitcoin weirdoes. The kind who think that the economy will dive so badly that government-backed currency will be worthless, but the Internet will still exist and you'll still be able to afford to access it and thus your precious eternal blockchain.

      In an economic apocalypse, you'd still be better off with government money. Even under rampant inflation, it would have SOME value. In a bad enough scen

      • exactly.. the environment that allows bitcoin to exist in the first place is absolutely reliant on the stability brought by government.

        Economic collapse -> rioting, looting, mayhem..

        hard currency, gold, guns/ammo .. that's what you'd need.. not fancy math problem pretend-bux.

  • by JoeyRox ( 2711699 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @12:53PM (#55777167)
    Funny how the rise in value of Bitcon has suddenly taken on so many social meanings when it fact it's just another speculative rush, in a long list of speculative rushes throughout human history.
  • Just speculation (Score:5, Insightful)

    by sjbe ( 173966 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @12:59PM (#55777229)

    Bitcoin is growing almost entirely due to speculation and its utility for illicit transactions. This has nothing to do with some abstract confidence in computer code. This is people who are greedy looking to make a fast buck. The simplest explanation is the correct one here and that is greed.

  • RIght now, Paypal and even credit card processors block donations to charities in the middle east because they "might have" ties to terrorism. Even if the groups are not a formally reconginizted terorrist group by governments, businesses are free to block support for these groups. Blocking funds to these groups is a form of censorship. If they are not identified by a government agency as a terrorist organization, they should be allowed to operate and have due process.

    Now you can donate directly to them

    • Now you can donate directly to them with crypto currency, and bypass the censorship.

      You could donate directly by mailing the "charity" a wad of $100 bills.

      Cryptocurrencies offer nothing that cash cannot provide. With the exception of an opportunity to make (or lose) a spectacular amount in a very short time. That is the only attraction of BTC: greed. Any other suggested use is mere rationalisation.

  • by naughtynaughty ( 1154069 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @01:16PM (#55777455)

    It's rampant speculation, period.

  • Another article justifying buying a bitcoin. No one sane trusts a coin that is that volatile. Whole idea behind mining is broken - producing something by running calculations. How are you certain that these calculations are even used for bitcoin and not for something else? If you didn't like big banks and the "system" now you are going towards money used for illegal activities - great trade off. Read about drug cartels and how much money they have to hide. Digital currency is perfect.
  • its idiots buying in a frenzy thinking they are going to get rich and penny stock/otc companies stating they are getting into the Cryptocurrency Industry.

  • Well, yes, but.... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by HiThere ( 15173 ) <[ten.knilhtrae] [ta] [nsxihselrahc]> on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @01:32PM (#55777615)

    The thing is, bitcoins are without intrinsic value. Government issued money is, indeed, untrustworthy, but it has intrinsic value: the government promises to accept payoffs in its own currency for taxes so it won't confiscate your property, etc.

    Now the government is untrustworthy, but it does have to power to enforce it's threats. Bitcoins are more trustworthy (not totally), but they have no intrinsic value. Their only value is whatever people are currently willing to exchange for them. I wan to call them bitcons rather than bitcoins.

    Money is not just about trust and not just about intrinsic value. Things which only have intrinsic value make lousy currencies, and so do things without trust. This is why so many people are into gold, but most of them don't realize that folding paper promises of gold don't directly count. You need the actual metal. And it needs to be of a specific purity. And this is likely to get lost or stolen. But banks have also had their vaults pilfered.

    There is noting in the world that has perfect trust. Looking for such is futile. But things that have value can be exchanged for other things with value, where things without intrinsic value can become totally worthless.

    OTOH, how much was a Confederate dollar worth after the South lost? Value can be transitory. My old disk drive is worth more as a paperweight than as a disk drive. But it wasn't a bad investment, because I got use out of it for years.

    And value is very personal. What is valuable to one person is valueless to another, and invaluable to a third. So it's difficult to use value as a currency. A currency needs to have an agreed value, which means it's own intrinsic value is only a floor to it's effective value. Bitcoin sure proves this, as it's current effective value is immense, but its intrinsic value is closer to nothing than to that of a piece of paper the size of a piece of government currency.

    The closest stab I have to a reasonable "thing of constant value" is a bottle of whiskey. That would become more valuable if the government collapsed. Small amounts are easily packaged for portability. etc. Of course, some people would only value it for trade, except in cases of medical emergency and not medications. Wheat doesn't work because it doesn't store well and is too bulky. Also the value fluctuates too much during the course of a year.

    Bitcoins, though.... their only value is that they are more trustworthy than governmental currency. But that's all, and it's not sufficient. At some point they will collapse, unless some major vendor of values turns them into a fiat currency. (Also they are vulnerable to centralized control if most of them are bought up by a small enough number of parties to from an oligarchy.)

  • by sdinfoserv ( 1793266 ) on Wednesday December 20, 2017 @01:51PM (#55777809)
    Someone is putting way too much effort into thinking about this. People haven't trusted the Government (US Govt) since Vietnam.
    First of all, a small share of people own the majority of bitcoin - with the US Gov'T being the largest single wallet holder. In 2013 the FBI's wallet had 144,000 bitcoins- do the math.
    na, this isn't a change in trust, it's a bubble. don't get popped.
  • In our fear of human error

    Can anyone remind me what is the latest estimate for the number of BTC lost by their users?

    Holding a BTC is much more like having a bearer bond. It is easily lost, destroyed or stolen. And when it is, there is no one to go crying to or who can help you. There is no buyer protection. If ever there was something vulnerable to human error it would be a BTC stash.

  • You can lose faith or trust in humans, but who creates and maintains the technology you've decided to trust instead?

"The vast majority of successful major crimes against property are perpetrated by individuals abusing positions of trust." -- Lawrence Dalzell

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